CN111140229B - Simulation system for roof destruction process after water-soluble mining of layered salt rock - Google Patents
Simulation system for roof destruction process after water-soluble mining of layered salt rock Download PDFInfo
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- CN111140229B CN111140229B CN202010076081.9A CN202010076081A CN111140229B CN 111140229 B CN111140229 B CN 111140229B CN 202010076081 A CN202010076081 A CN 202010076081A CN 111140229 B CN111140229 B CN 111140229B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003809 water extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 2
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014443 Pyrus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
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- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a simulation system for a roof destruction process after water solution mining of layered salt rock, which comprises a cuboid structural material box, wherein the front side surface and the top surface of the cuboid structural material box are in an open state, and a front panel and a cover plate are respectively and correspondingly movably installed; vertical baffles are arranged on the periphery of the top surface of the cover plate, and threaded holes are formed in the baffles at equal intervals; the inner side of the lower part of the material box is thickened to form a step-shaped supporting structure; round holes are formed in the rear side face of the material box and the top edges of the left side face and the right side face at equal intervals; round holes are formed in the thickened parts of the left side surface and the right side surface of the material box and the front side of the bottom surface at equal intervals, and the periphery of the front panel is provided with the round holes; the material box, the cover plate and the front panel are connected through fastening bolts; a rock cavity is arranged below the simulated overlying rock layer, and a pressure-resistant water bag is arranged above the simulated overlying rock layer; the rock cavity is provided with an insertion hole, one end of a cavity water injection pipe is inserted into the rock cavity, and the other end of the cavity water injection pipe sequentially penetrates through the simulated overlying rock layer and the cover plate to be connected with the brine pressurizing device; the pressure-resistant water bag is connected with a water injection pipe of the water bag, and the water injection pipe of the water bag penetrates through the cover plate to be connected with the water pressure pressurizing device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock mass simulation tests, in particular to a simulation system for a roof destruction process after water-soluble mining of layered salt rock.
Background
Salt rock stratum in China has the layered characteristic and is thin, a twin-well convection mining method is widely adopted for improving mining efficiency, and the method has the advantages of being large in production capacity, few in underground accidents and capable of improving recovery rate.
The abandoned salt caverns can be used for storing petroleum, natural gas and compressed air for energy storage if reasonably transformed. Compare traditional pear shape cavity, under the certain circumstances of salt bed thickness, the biggest advantage of horizontal cavity is bigger volume, but, horizontal cavity roof span is bigger, and it is scrapped because of the unstable storage storehouse of roof more easily. In addition, because of the lack of planning in the early stage, the protection measures such as oil cushions and air cushions are not adopted, so that a plurality of cavity top plates are directly exposed to brine. Under the long-term action of brine, the mechanical property of the top plate is weakened to a certain degree, and the instability of the layered top plate is aggravated to a certain degree.
Therefore, it is highly desirable to conduct research relating to the process of cavity roof destruction after solution mining. The research results can provide basis for prediction of surface subsidence or collapse of the waste salt cavity, can provide a new idea for salt cavern energy storage, and promote development of oil gas and even compressed gas energy storage reservoirs in the layered salt rock.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a simulation system for a roof destruction process after water extraction of layered salt rock, which provides a basis for prediction of surface subsidence or collapse, can provide a new idea for salt cavern energy storage, and promotes development of an oil-gas reservoir and even a compressed-gas energy storage reservoir in the layered salt rock; the device has simple structure, convenient operation and visual observation.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a simulation system for a roof damage process after water-soluble mining of layered salt rock comprises a cover plate, a material box, a front panel, a pressure-resistant water bag, a cavity water injection pipe, a simulated overlying rock layer, salt rock and fastening bolts; the material box is of a cuboid structure, the front side face and the top face of the material box are in an open state, and a front panel and a cover plate are respectively and correspondingly movably installed; the cover plate is rectangular, vertical baffle plates are arranged on the periphery of the top surface of the cover plate, the size of the cover plate is matched with that of the material box and the front panel, and threaded holes are formed in the baffle plates at equal intervals; the inner sides of the rear side face and the lower parts of the left side face and the right side face of the material box are thickened to form a step-shaped supporting structure for supporting and placing a simulated overlying rock stratum; round holes corresponding to the cover plates are formed in the rear side face of the material box and the top edges of the left side face and the right side face at equal intervals; round holes are formed in the front sides of the thickened parts on the left side surface and the right side surface of the material box and the front side of the bottom surface of the material box at equal intervals; the front panel is of a rectangular structure, and round holes are formed in the periphery of the front panel, corresponding to the cover plate and the left side surface, the side surface and the bottom surface of the material box respectively; the material box, the cover plate and the front panel are connected through fastening bolts; a rock cavity is arranged below the simulated overlying rock layer, and a pressure-resistant water bag is arranged above the simulated overlying rock layer; the rock cavity is provided with an insertion hole, one end of a cavity water injection pipe is inserted into the rock cavity, and the other end of the cavity water injection pipe sequentially penetrates through the simulated overlying rock layer and the cover plate to be connected with the brine pressurizing device; the pressure-resistant water bag is connected with a water injection pipe of the water bag, and the water injection pipe of the water bag penetrates through the cover plate to be connected with the water pressure pressurizing device.
The front panel is made of a high polymer transparent material.
The cavity water injection pipe is a stainless steel pipe or an aluminum alloy pipe; the material box is made of an aluminum alloy material.
The fastening bolt is 3-5 cm in length and 0.5-1 cm in diameter.
The simulated overlying rock stratum is a rock plate with a certain thickness obtained by cutting or a simulated rock stratum poured by using similar materials.
And the cover plate is provided with a cavity water injection pipe hole and a water bag water injection pipe hole.
A method for simulating a roof destruction process after water-soluble mining of layered salt rock comprises the following specific steps: 1) filling the lower half-step part of the material box with salt rock, prefabricating a salt cavity as required, digging grooves at the top of the salt cavity at a certain distance, respectively inserting two cavity water injection pipes into the salt cavity, fixing the front panel and the material box by fastening bolts, placing the cut rock plate or the poured similar material on the upper rock stratum in a simulated manner above the salt cavity, and supporting by a step-shaped supporting structure;
2) taking down the front panel, filling cement or other adhesives in gaps among the cavity water injection pipe, the salt rock and the simulated overlying rock stratum, polishing the front surfaces of the salt rock and the simulated overlying rock stratum exposed after taking down the front panel, smearing epoxy resin glue or other transparent glue on the polished front surfaces, fixing the front panel again by using fastening bolts, and waiting for glue solidification;
3) after glue is solidified, a pressure-resistant water bag is placed above a simulated overburden, two water bag water injection pipes and two cavity water injection pipes penetrate out of corresponding positions of the cover plate and then are fixed by fastening bolts, saturated brine which is the same as that of the placed salt rock is filled into the prefabricated horizontal salt cavity through the cavity water injection pipes, the four water injection pipes are connected to a pressurizing device for pressurizing, the roof damage process after water extraction is simulated, and displacement monitoring is measured and recorded by using a speckle interference method.
The main advantages of the invention are:
1) the similar materials of the salt rock and the actual stratum are used, so that the damage process of the roof subjected to brine erosion and other factors after the layered salt rock is subjected to water solution mining can be simulated, and the simulation process is visual, real and reliable;
2) the simulated overlying strata can be freely combined according to the actually measured geological profile or research requirements, and the upper load is adjustable, so that the method can be suitable for simulating various stratum occurrence conditions and various ground stress working conditions;
3) the material box is welded by a plurality of aluminum alloy plates, the front panel is bonded by a polymer transparent material and transparent glue, and all the parts are fixed by fastening bolts, so that the measurement and observation are convenient while the integral strength and the tightness are ensured;
4) the materials of the material box, the cover plate and the front panel which are designed in a combined mode can resist brine corrosion, so that the material box, the cover plate and the front panel are convenient to reuse, and material resources are saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an assembly schematic diagram of a simulation system of a roof destruction process after water extraction of salt rock.
The numbers in the figure correspond to the names: 1-cover plate; 2-material box; 3-a front panel; 4, a pressure-resistant water bag; 5, water injection pipe of the water bag; 6-cavity water injection pipe; 7-simulating an overburden; 8, prefabricating a salt cavity; 9-salt rock; 10, opening a water filling port of the water bag; 11-opening a water injection pipe of the cavity; 12-fastening bolt.
Detailed Description
The invention is explained in further detail below with reference to the drawings in which:
the simulation system for the roof damage process after the water extraction of the layered salt rock shown in the attached figure 1 comprises a cover plate 1, a material box 2, a front panel 3, a pressure-resistant water bag 4, a cavity water injection pipe 6, a simulated overburden 7, the salt rock 9 and fastening bolts 12.
As shown in the attached figure 1, the cover plate 1 is in a box cover shape with edges on the periphery, the material box and the front panel are just accommodated in size, the cover plate is made of aluminum alloy, round holes with equal intervals are formed in the four edges, the four edges are threaded, and the four edges are fixed with the material box 2 and the front panel 3 through fastening bolts 12. Meanwhile, two pressure-resistant water bag water injection holes 10 and two cavity water injection pipe holes 11 are reserved at corresponding positions of the cover plate, so that smooth water injection and pressurization are ensured.
As shown in the attached figure 1, the material box 2 is formed by welding a bottom plate, a step-shaped back panel and step-shaped left and right panels, so that the strength and the tightness of the material box are ensured, and meanwhile, the material box is also made of aluminum alloy in consideration of the chemical and electrochemical corrosiveness of salt rocks to the panels after the salt rocks are dissolved in water. The rear panel, the left panel and the right panel are in a ladder shape with a thin upper part and a thick lower part, the lower part is used for placing the salt rock 9, the ladder part not only can provide support for placement or pouring of the simulated overlying strata 7, but also saves the salt rock dosage, and the simulated overlying strata 7 is more similar to the constraint form of the actual upper strata. The rear panel and the top of the left panel and the right panel correspond to the cover plate 1 and are provided with equidistant round holes and tapping, the thicker lower half part in the front of the left panel and the right panel is also provided with equidistant round holes and tapping, and the rear panel is fixed with the front panel 3 and the top cover 1 by the fastening bolts 12 during use, so that the sealing property is ensured.
As shown in fig. 1, the front panel 3 is a plate made of a polymer transparent material with a thickness of 5-15 mm and a pressure resistance of more than 30 MPa, such as acrylic. Equidistant round holes are formed in the four sides of the front panel corresponding to the positions of the cover plate 1 and the material box 2, the front panel is tapped and fixed with the cover plate 1 and the material box 2 by fastening bolts 12 in use. The front panel 3 is made of a polymer transparent material, and has the advantages of high transparency, low price, easy machining, excellent mechanical properties and the like. The material is transparent, so that the damage process of the cavity top plate can be conveniently observed, and the material has excellent mechanical property, so that the material can bear certain pressure.
As shown in fig. 1, the pressure-resistant water bag 4 is a water bag with two water injection pipes 5 and capable of bearing a certain pressure, is placed below the cover plate 1 above the simulated overlying rock layer 7, applies upper loads to the simulated overlying rock layer 7 and the salt rock 9 in the material box 2 to simulate the stress form of the simulated overlying rock layer and the salt rock in the stratum, and can be supplied by a water pump or put a water source at a high position to be pressurized by using hydrostatic pressure of the water source.
As shown in fig. 1, the cavity water injection pipe 6 is typically a stainless steel pipe or an aluminum alloy pipe, and is used for injecting brine into the pre-fabricated salt cavity 8 and pressurizing the pre-fabricated salt cavity, and has a length that can penetrate through the salt rock 9 and the simulated overlying rock layer 7 and penetrate out of the cover plate 1.
As shown in fig. 1, the simulated overburden 7 is generally a slab of a certain thickness obtained by cutting or a simulated rock layer poured by using a similar material, and the top of the simulated rock layer is pressurized by a pressure-resistant water bag 4. By combining with a geological profile of field survey, the thickness of the rock plate or similar simulation materials can be different from 1 cm to 5 cm, and different salt mine geological conditions can be simulated by simulating different combination modes of the similar simulation materials of the overburden 7 layers. The analog simulation material comprises two parts of aggregate and cementing material, wherein the aggregate is quartz sand or river sand generally, and the cementing material is gypsum, cement, lime kaolin and the like generally. When a specific rock plate or similar materials, such as natural gypsum board, or cement, barite powder and quartz sand are mixed according to a certain proportion, the specific damage process exposed to brine can be simulated when a muddy anhydrite layer, a mudstone layer and other stratums which can be corroded by brine are used as a top plate.
As shown in fig. 1, the salt rock 9 is generally pressed by using a salt rock block or salt rock powder, and a prefabricated salt cavity 8 is manufactured, wherein the shape of the prefabricated salt cavity 8 mainly depends on the mining mode of the layered salt rock, for example, the prefabricated salt cavity can be generally manufactured into a pear-shaped cavity when the problem of single-well single-tube cavity manufacturing is researched, a horizontal cavity generated by double-well convection can be generally manufactured into a rectangular cavity or a capsule-shaped cavity when the cavity shape is researched, the cavity shape can be specifically modified according to related documents and actual measurement sonar data, brine is injected into the prefabricated salt cavity 8 through a cavity water injection pipe 6 and pressurized when simulation is performed, and the stress and brine existence form in the cavity after actual mining are simulated.
As shown in the attached figure 1, the fastening bolt 12 is a standard fastening bolt, and has a length of 3-5 cm and a diameter of 0.5-1 cm.
A simulation process of a roof failure process is as follows:
1. preparing a model: filling the lower half step part of the material box 2 with salt rock 9, manufacturing a prefabricated salt cavity 8 according to requirements, dividing the top of the prefabricated salt cavity 8 into grooves with a certain distance, respectively inserting two cavity water injection pipes 6 into the prefabricated salt cavity 8, fixing the front panel 3 and the material box 1 by fastening bolts 12, and placing a cut rock plate or pouring similar materials at the upper half step part to simulate an overlying strata 7.
2. Polishing and sealing: the front panel 3 is taken down, cement or other adhesives are filled in gaps among the cavity water injection pipe 6, the salt rock 9 and the simulated overlying rock layer 7 to ensure the airtightness, the front surfaces of the salt rock 9 and the simulated overlying rock layer 7 exposed after the front panel is taken down are polished, epoxy resin glue or other transparent glue is smeared on the polished front surfaces, the front panel 3 is fixed again by using the fastening bolts 12, the observation is not influenced while the airtightness is ensured, and glue solidification is waited.
3. Water injection and pressurization: after solidification, a pressure-resistant water bag 4 is placed above a simulated overburden 7, two water bag water injection pipes 5 and two cavity water injection pipes 6 penetrate out from a water bag water injection port opening 10 and a cavity water injection pipe opening 11 of a cover plate 1 respectively, the cover plate 1 is fixed by fastening bolts 12, saturated brine which is the same as that of a placed salt rock 9 is filled into a prefabricated salt cavity 8 through the cavity water injection pipes 6, the four water injection pipes are connected to a pressurizing device, pressurization is achieved, the roof damage process after water extraction can be simulated, and displacement monitoring speckle can be measured and recorded by using an interference method.
Claims (7)
1. A simulation system for a roof damage process after water-soluble mining of layered salt rock comprises a cover plate, a material box, a front panel, a pressure-resistant water bag, a cavity water injection pipe, a simulated overlying rock layer, salt rock and fastening bolts; the material box is of a cuboid structure, the front side face and the top face of the material box are in an open state, and a front panel and a cover plate are respectively and correspondingly movably installed; the cover plate is rectangular, vertical baffle plates are arranged on the periphery of the top surface of the cover plate, the size of the cover plate is matched with that of the material box and the front panel, and threaded holes are formed in the baffle plates at equal intervals; the inner sides of the rear side face and the lower parts of the left side face and the right side face of the material box are thickened to form a step-shaped supporting structure for supporting and placing a simulated overlying rock stratum; round holes corresponding to the cover plates are formed in the rear side face of the material box and the top edges of the left side face and the right side face at equal intervals; round holes are formed in the front sides of the thickened parts on the left side surface and the right side surface of the material box and the front side of the bottom surface of the material box at equal intervals; the front panel is of a rectangular structure, and round holes are formed in the periphery of the front panel, corresponding to the cover plate and the left side surface, the side surface and the bottom surface of the material box respectively; the material box, the cover plate and the front panel are connected through fastening bolts; a prefabricated salt cavity is arranged below the simulated overlying rock stratum, and a pressure-resistant water bag is arranged above the simulated overlying rock stratum; the prefabricated salt cavity is provided with jacks, one end of the cavity water injection pipe is inserted into the prefabricated salt cavity, the other end of the cavity water injection pipe sequentially penetrates through the simulated overlying rock layer and the cover plate to be connected with the brine pressurizing device, and the prefabricated salt cavity is filled with saturated brine which is the same as that of the put salt rock; the pressure-resistant water bag is connected with a water injection pipe of the water bag, and the water injection pipe of the water bag penetrates through the cover plate to be connected with the water pressure pressurizing device.
2. The system for simulating the process of roof damage after water extraction of layered salt rock as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the front panel is made of a high polymer transparent material.
3. The system for simulating the process of roof damage after water extraction of layered salt rock as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cavity water injection pipe is a stainless steel pipe or an aluminum alloy pipe; the material box is made of an aluminum alloy material.
4. The system for simulating the process of roof damage after water extraction of layered salt rock as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fastening bolt is 3-5 cm in length and 0.5-1 cm in diameter.
5. The system for simulating the process of roof damage after water extraction of layered salt rock as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the simulated overlying rock stratum is a rock plate obtained by cutting or a simulated rock stratum poured by using similar materials.
6. The system for simulating the process of roof damage after water extraction of layered salt rock as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and the cover plate is provided with a cavity water injection pipe hole and a water bag water injection pipe hole.
7. The method for simulating the roof damage process after the water solution mining of the layered salt rock by using the simulation system of any one of claims 1 to 6 comprises the following specific steps: 1) filling the lower half-step part of a material box with salt rock, prefabricating a salt cavity, digging grooves at the top of the prefabricated salt cavity at a certain distance, respectively inserting two cavity water injection pipes into the prefabricated salt cavity, fixing a front panel and the material box by using fastening bolts, placing a cut rock plate or a poured similar material simulation overlying rock layer above the prefabricated salt cavity, and supporting by using a step-shaped supporting structure; 2) taking down the front panel, filling cement or other adhesives in gaps among the cavity water injection pipe, the salt rock and the simulated overlying rock stratum, polishing the front surfaces of the salt rock and the simulated overlying rock stratum exposed after taking down the front panel, smearing epoxy resin glue or other transparent glue on the polished front surfaces, fixing the front panel again by using fastening bolts, and waiting for glue solidification; 3) after glue is solidified, a pressure-resistant water bag is placed above the simulated overburden, two water bag water injection pipes and two cavity water injection pipes penetrate out of the corresponding positions of the cover plate and then are fixed by fastening bolts, saturated brine which is the same as that of the placed salt rock is filled into the prefabricated horizontal prefabricated salt cavity through the cavity water injection pipes, the four water injection pipes are connected to a pressurizing device for pressurizing, the roof damage process after water extraction is simulated, and displacement monitoring is measured and recorded by using a speckle interference method.
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| CN202010076081.9A CN111140229B (en) | 2020-01-23 | 2020-01-23 | Simulation system for roof destruction process after water-soluble mining of layered salt rock |
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| CN202010076081.9A CN111140229B (en) | 2020-01-23 | 2020-01-23 | Simulation system for roof destruction process after water-soluble mining of layered salt rock |
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| CN111140229B true CN111140229B (en) | 2021-09-24 |
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