CN115792184B - Wireless stress and displacement measurement system and method for similar material simulation experiment - Google Patents
Wireless stress and displacement measurement system and method for similar material simulation experiment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wireless stress and displacement measurement system and method for a similar material simulation experiment, and relates to the technical field of mining engineering. The device comprises a wireless stress sensor and a signal receiver, wherein the wireless stress sensor is arranged at a preset position of similar materials on a test bed; the wireless stress sensor comprises a box body, and a measuring element, a stress signal generator, a high-frequency signal generator, a signal modulator and an antenna feed system which are integrally arranged on the box body; the signal receivers are at least provided with four, which are respectively arranged at corners of similar materials; the signal receiver comprises a signal demodulator and an antenna feed system II. According to the invention, through the mutual matching of the wireless stress sensor and the signal receiver, the stress and displacement measurement of similar materials can be realized at the same time, and a displacement measurement device is not required to be additionally arranged, so that experimental equipment is simplified, and related measurement steps are also simplified.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining engineering, in particular to a measurement system and method for a similar material simulation experiment.
Background
The simulation experiment of similar materials is an experimental method for carrying out corresponding research by adopting materials similar to the physical mechanics of a simulation prototype and preparing an experimental model according to a certain similarity constant. In simulation experiments of similar materials, physical quantities such as stress, displacement and the like of the similar materials are generally required to be measured. For stress measurement, the common soil stress box is buried in similar materials, measurement data transmission is carried out by means of a signal wire connected with the outside, and the signal wire brings inconvenience to experiments.
The application number 201720199180.X discloses a similar simulation material experimental device for roadway support and deformation, which comprises similar material simulation experimental equipment, a hydraulic loading device, a singlechip data acquisition terminal and an upper computer; the similar material simulation experiment equipment comprises a bracket, two steel plates and a hydraulic cylinder; the support is provided with a side plate and a bottom plate, the side plate is perpendicular to the bottom plate, the steel plate and the bottom plate are arranged oppositely, the steel plate is arranged on the support through a plurality of hydraulic cylinders, the other steel plate and the side plate are arranged oppositely, and the steel plate is arranged on the support through a plurality of hydraulic cylinders; the hydraulic cylinders are respectively connected with the hydraulic loading device; the support is provided with a stress sensor, the roadway to be tested is provided with a displacement sensor, and the stress sensor and the displacement sensor are respectively connected with the singlechip data acquisition terminal.
In the above patent, the stress sensor and the displacement sensor are connected with the singlechip data acquisition terminal to respectively obtain the monitoring of stress and displacement. Besides the patent, the stress and displacement monitoring in the related similar material simulation experiment at present is to measure stress values by means of a wired soil stress box, and then to measure the surface mark points by means of a total station or image recognition equipment to obtain the displacement or strain of the similar material surface points.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wireless stress and displacement measurement system for a similar material simulation experiment, which is characterized in that stress measurement data are transmitted wirelessly, and displacement measurement of the similar material can be realized simultaneously through mutual matching of a wireless stress sensor and a signal receiver, so that a displacement measurement device is not required to be additionally arranged, experimental equipment is simplified, and related measurement steps are also simplified.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A wireless stress and displacement measurement system for similar material simulation experiments, comprising:
The wireless stress sensor and the signal receiver are arranged at a preset position of similar materials on the test bed;
The wireless stress sensor comprises a box body, and a measuring element, a stress signal generator, a high-frequency signal generator, a signal modulator and an antenna feed system which are integrally arranged on the box body; a part or the whole of the box body is used as a measuring element, and the measuring element is used for sensing a stress value; the stress signal generator is used for processing the measured data signal and enabling the measured data signal to have proper signal intensity; the high-frequency signal generator is used for generating a high-frequency carrier signal required by signal radiation; the signal modulator is used for modulating the high-frequency signal by the measurement data signal and attaching a section of code with a sensor number; the antenna feed system is used for radiating the processed high-frequency signals to the outside;
The signal receivers are at least provided with four signal receivers which are respectively arranged at corners of similar materials;
The signal receiver comprises a signal demodulator and a second antenna feed system, and the second antenna feed system is used for receiving signals sent by the wireless stress sensor; the signal demodulator is used for demodulating the signal transmitted by the antenna feed system II to acquire the sensor number, the stress information and the time for receiving the signal.
The technical scheme directly brings the following beneficial technical effects:
The wireless stress sensor is arranged in the similar material, electromagnetic waves carrying measurement data are radiated outwards, the measured stress information is received through an external signal receiver, the plurality of signal receivers determine the position of the sensor in the similar simulation material according to the time difference of signals transmitted by the received sensor, and the measurement of stress and displacement of the similar material can be realized through the wireless stress sensor and the signal receiver; the measuring equipment and the measuring preparation work are simplified, and convenience is provided for later material cleaning.
According to the technical scheme, the wireless stress sensor and the signal receiver are applied to the similar material simulation experiment for the first time, so that the problems of complex operation and the like caused by multiple circuits are avoided.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a wireless stress and displacement measurement method for similar material simulation experiments, comprising the steps of:
a. installing the wireless stress and displacement measurement system for the similar material simulation experiment, accurately mapping the relative positions of the signal receivers after the similar materials, the wireless stress sensors and the signal receivers are distributed, and networking the wireless stress sensors and the signal receivers;
b. The measurement of the wireless stress sensor and the experiment are started simultaneously, and the wireless stress sensor moves along with the similar materials and continuously measures in the process of carrying out a series of excavation or loading experiment operation on the similar materials; the wireless stress sensor sends out a section of wireless signal carrying stress measurement data and sensor numbers, the wireless signal is received by signal receivers at different positions successively, and the spatial position of the wireless stress sensor can be determined through the time difference of the received signals, namely, stress and displacement values of similar materials in the experimental process are obtained;
c. After the experiment is finished, when the similar materials are removed and cleaned, the wireless stress sensor is positioned, removed and recovered through the position of the wireless stress sensor recorded last, and then the whole similar materials are removed and cleaned.
Further, in the measuring process, the wireless stress sensor continuously sends out a wireless signal, and the wireless signal comprises stress information and a sensor number.
Further, because the wireless stress sensor and the signal receiver are made of similar materials with a certain distance, the wireless signal keeps constant propagation speed in the similar materials, so that certain delay exists between the time of transmitting the signal by the wireless stress sensor and the time of receiving the signal by the signal receiver, and the time delay of receiving the signal by the plurality of signal receivers on the same wireless stress sensor is compared, so that the difference of receiving time of different sensors can be obtained.
Further, according to the difference of the receiving time of the wireless signals by the plurality of signal receivers and the propagation speed of the wireless signals in similar materials, the distance between the wireless stress sensor and different signal receivers is calculated by simultaneous equations, so that the position of the wireless stress sensor relative to the signal receivers is obtained, and the space coordinates of the position of the wireless stress sensor are determined by combining the position coordinates of the known signal receivers.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the wireless stress and displacement measurement system for the similar material simulation experiment is mainly applied to measurement of stress and displacement of similar materials in the process of the similar material simulation experiment, stress measurement data are transmitted in a wireless signal transmission mode, a displacement value is obtained through calculation, influence of a signal wire on similar material model manufacturing and stress measurement is avoided, model dismantling is facilitated, and universality of the measurement system is enhanced.
According to the wireless stress and displacement measuring method for the similar material simulation experiment, the stress and displacement can be monitored simultaneously by adopting the wireless stress sensor and the signal receiver, and the experiment efficiency can be improved.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a wireless stress sensor of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of a signal receiver according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the positioning function of the wireless stress sensor of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a wireless stress and displacement measurement system for similar material simulation experiments;
In the figure:
1. wireless stress sensor, 2, signal receiver.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a wireless stress and displacement measurement system and a wireless stress and displacement measurement method for a similar material simulation experiment, and in order to make the advantages and the technical scheme of the invention clearer and more definite, the invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments.
The parts matched with the similar material simulation experiment related to the invention are provided with a similar material simulation test bed and an accessory device thereof.
The main technical conception of the invention is as follows: (1) The method has the advantages that the wired sensor is avoided being used in the similar material simulation experiment, the experimental device is simplified, the experimental efficiency is improved, the wireless stress sensor and the signal receiver are used for simultaneously measuring stress and displacement, compared with the existing measuring equipment, the method integrates two measuring functions in one set of measuring system, and the experimental efficiency is further improved.
The wireless stress sensor is arranged at a preset position of similar materials on the test bed, the structure of the wireless stress sensor is shown in fig. 1, and the wireless stress sensor 1 comprises a box body and a measuring element, a stress signal generator, a high-frequency signal generator, a signal modulator and an antenna feed system which are integrally arranged on the box body; the box body is an installation carrier of each component structure of the wireless stress sensor, one part or the whole of the box body shell is used as a measuring element, the whole of the box body is a cuboid or cube with a regular shape, and the measuring element, the stress signal generator, the high-frequency signal generator, the signal modulator and the antenna feed system are all arranged inside the box body.
The measuring element is used for sensing the stress value; the stress signal generator is used for processing the measurement data signal and enabling the measurement data signal to have proper signal intensity; the high-frequency signal generator is used for generating a high-frequency carrier signal required by signal radiation; the signal modulator is used for modulating the high-frequency signal by the measurement data signal and attaching a section of code with a sensor number; the antenna feed system is used for radiating the processed high-frequency signals to the outside.
At least four signal receivers 2 are arranged at the corners of similar materials respectively, as shown in fig. 2; the signal receiver comprises a signal demodulator and a second antenna feed system, and the second antenna feed system is used for receiving signals sent by the wireless stress sensor; the signal demodulator is used for demodulating the signal transmitted by the antenna feed system II to acquire the sensor number, the stress information and the time for receiving the signal. The whole set of measuring system is provided with a plurality of signal receivers 2, the structure of each signal receiver is the same, a plurality of sensors respectively record the time of receiving the same sensor signal, and the space coordinate value of the sensor to be measured can be obtained through simultaneous equations by combining the known position coordinates of the signal receivers. The detailed positioning principle is as follows:
The working process of the whole set of system for positioning the wireless stress sensor is that the wireless stress sensor sends out a section of wireless signal carrying stress measurement data and sensor numbers, the wireless signal is received by a plurality of signal receivers successively, the spatial position of the wireless stress sensor can be determined through the time difference of the received wireless signal, and in order to ensure the positioning accuracy of the wireless stress sensor, the number of the signal receivers can be increased to improve the measuring and calculating precision.
As shown in fig. 3, a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system is first established, at least four signal receivers are needed for establishing the coordinate system, and the wireless stress sensor positioning principle is described below by taking four signal receivers as an example: for the receiver numbered A, B, C, D, the position of the signal receiver in the space coordinate system is accurately measured, the sitting mark of the signal receiver A is (x a,ya,za), and the position coordinates of the other three receivers are sequentially determined. In the measuring process, the wireless stress sensor continuously sends out a wireless signal, wherein the signal comprises stress information and a sensor number. The radio signals sent by the sensors are received by the sensors at different positions, and the time for the signals to be received by the receivers is different due to the fact that the distances between the sensors and the receivers are different. Based on this time difference, in combination with the location of the known point, the spatial coordinates of the location of the sensor can be determined.
I=Is+Ii+It (1)
In the above formula, I is information demodulated by the signal demodulator, I s is measured stress information, I i is a sensor number, and I t is time of receiving the signal.
Wherein: r b-a is the distance between the stress sensor and the receiver B minus the distance between the stress sensor and the receiver A; v is the propagation speed of the signal in the medium; t b is the time value of the signal received by receiver B; t a is the time value of the signal received by the receiver a; r c-a is the distance between the stress sensor and the receiver C minus the distance between the stress sensor and the receiver A; t c is the time value of the signal received by the receiver C; r d-a is the distance between the stress sensor and the receiver D minus the distance between the stress sensor and the receiver A; t d is the time value of the signal received by the receiver D;
Wherein: x i is the spatial x coordinate value of the sensor to be measured, y i is the spatial y coordinate value of the sensor to be measured, and z i is the spatial z coordinate value of the sensor to be measured; x a is the spatial x coordinate value of receiver A, y a is the spatial y coordinate value of receiver A, and z a is the spatial z coordinate value of receiver A; x b is the spatial x coordinate value of receiver B, y b is the spatial y coordinate value of receiver B, and z c is the spatial z coordinate value of receiver C; x d is the spatial x coordinate value of receiver D, y d is the spatial y coordinate value of receiver D, and z d is the spatial z coordinate value of receiver D; r a is the distance between the sensor to be measured and the receiver A.
The position of the wireless stress sensor to be measured is automatically calculated and determined by means of a positioning system developed based on the positioning principle.
The continuous measurement of the stress sensor position is used for obtaining the change of the measuring point position of the similar material, and the strain value of a certain length of the similar material can be further obtained through the change of the measuring point position.
In view of the size limitation of the wireless stress sensor, it is difficult to integrate an accurate time device, if conditions exist, the wireless stress sensor can transmit time information, and the signal receiver can also determine the position of the wireless stress sensor by comparing the signal receiving time with the signal transmitting time.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
Example 1:
The measuring system of the present invention will be further described with reference to the practical case, as shown in fig. 4.
Firstly, manufacturing similar materials, paving the similar materials layer by layer on a test bed, arranging a wireless stress sensor and a signal receiver at a preset position, and repeating the operation steps of manufacturing and paving the similar materials and arranging the wireless stress sensor until the similar materials are completely paved.
And accurately mapping the relative positions of the signal receivers, networking the wireless stress sensor and the signal receivers, and ensuring that the signals of the wireless stress sensor can be received by all the signal receivers. The measurement and test is then normally started, and no stress sensor operation is required in the process. After the test operation is finished, in the process of removing the similar materials, the corresponding force sensor is positioned, removed and recovered through the position of the finally recorded stress sensor, and then the whole similar materials are removed and cleaned.
And after the test is finished, reconstructing a three-dimensional space coordinate system by means of a positioning system according to the measured data to obtain stress and displacement values of the similar materials in the test process.
The structures and the use principles of the measuring element, the stress signal generator, the high-frequency signal generator, the signal modulator and the antenna feed system I, the signal demodulator and the antenna feed system II are described in the invention, and the invention can be realized by referring to the prior art.
The parts not described in the invention can be realized by referring to the prior art.
It should be noted that: any equivalent or obvious modifications made by those skilled in the art under the teachings of this specification shall fall within the scope of this invention.
Claims (2)
1. The wireless stress and displacement measurement method for the similar material simulation experiment is characterized in that the adopted measurement system comprises: the wireless stress sensor and the signal receiver are arranged at a preset position of similar materials on the test bed;
The wireless stress sensor comprises a box body, and a measuring element, a stress signal generator, a high-frequency signal generator, a signal modulator and an antenna feed system which are integrally arranged in the box body; a part or the whole of the box body is used as a measuring element, and the measuring element is used for sensing a stress value; the stress signal generator is used for processing the measurement data signal generated by the measurement element and enabling the measurement data signal to have proper signal intensity; the high-frequency signal generator is used for generating a high-frequency carrier signal required by signal radiation; the signal modulator is used for modulating the high-frequency carrier signal by the measurement data signal and attaching a section of code with a sensor number; the antenna feed system is used for radiating the processed high-frequency signals to the outside;
The signal receivers are at least provided with four signal receivers which are respectively arranged at corners of similar materials; the signal receiver comprises a signal demodulator and a second antenna feed system, and the second antenna feed system is used for receiving signals sent by the wireless stress sensor; the signal demodulator is used for demodulating the signal transmitted by the antenna feed system II to acquire the sensor number, the stress information and the time for receiving the signal;
The measuring method comprises the following steps:
a. Installing the measuring system, accurately mapping the relative position of the signal receiver after the similar materials, the wireless stress sensor and the signal receiver are distributed, and networking the wireless stress sensor and the signal receiver;
b. The measurement of the wireless stress sensor and the experiment are started simultaneously, and the wireless stress sensor moves along with the similar materials and continuously measures in the process of carrying out a series of excavation or loading experiment operation on the similar materials; the wireless stress sensor sends out a section of wireless signal carrying stress measurement data and sensor serial numbers, the wireless signal is received by signal receivers at different positions successively, and the spatial position of the wireless stress sensor can be determined through the time difference of the received signals, namely stress and displacement values of similar materials are obtained;
c. After the experiment is finished, when the similar materials are removed and cleaned, the wireless stress sensor is positioned, removed and recycled through the position of the wireless stress sensor recorded last, and then the whole similar materials are removed and cleaned.
2. A wireless stress and displacement measurement method for similar material simulation experiments according to claim 1, wherein: and calculating the distance between the wireless stress sensor and different signal receivers according to the difference of the receiving time of the wireless signals by the plurality of signal receivers and the propagation speed of the wireless signals in similar materials by simultaneous equations, further obtaining the position of the wireless stress sensor relative to the signal receivers, and determining the space coordinates of the position of the wireless stress sensor by combining the position coordinates of the known signal receivers.
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