CN109631809B - Bridge deflection measuring equipment and method - Google Patents
Bridge deflection measuring equipment and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109631809B CN109631809B CN201910129952.6A CN201910129952A CN109631809B CN 109631809 B CN109631809 B CN 109631809B CN 201910129952 A CN201910129952 A CN 201910129952A CN 109631809 B CN109631809 B CN 109631809B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B15/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons
- G01B15/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons for measuring the deformation in a solid
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0008—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings of bridges
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0041—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress
- G01M5/005—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems
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Abstract
The equipment comprises a computer terminal data processing system, a coordinate system construction system, a plurality of primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices and at least one secondary information receiving and transmitting device; the primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device is provided with an electromagnetic wave signal transmitter for transmitting an electromagnetic wave signal; the at least one secondary information receiving and transmitting device is arranged at the position of the bridge where the deflection of the bridge needs to be detected, receives the electromagnetic wave signals from the primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device, and records the transmitting and receiving time of the electromagnetic wave signals; and the computer terminal data processing system and the coordinate system construction system determine the bridge deflection according to the transmitting and receiving time of the electromagnetic wave signals and the coordinate values of the plurality of primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices. The scheme improves the accuracy of deflection measurement and realizes more convenient and faster remote bridge deflection monitoring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bridge detection, and particularly relates to bridge deflection measuring equipment and a method.
Background
Along with the development of economic strength and social progress of China, the traffic volume of China is also greatly increased. The bridge plays an important traffic role as a link for connecting different regions and different terrains. The safety of the bridge structure not only affects the national economy and social development, but also threatens the safety of each person who goes out, so that the safety detection of the bridge is an indispensable link in the modern bridge engineering.
An important measurement item in the bridge structure safety detection process is the measurement of the bridge deflection value, and the deflection is an important index for evaluating the bridge safety and directly reflects whether the bridge structure deformation exceeds a dangerous range. Therefore, the bridge safety detection and the deflection value measurement have an inseparable relation, and the magnitude of the deflection value directly reflects the vertical integral rigidity of the bridge structure. After the deflection values of all key sections of the bridge are measured, a vertical deformation curve of the bridge can be further obtained, and whether the deflection of all key sections of the bridge is within a safety range or not is judged, so that the overall safety of the bridge is judged. It can be said that bridge deflection is a very important measurement factor in evaluating the safety condition of a bridge.
The deflection measurement methods commonly used at present comprise a theodolite, a level gauge, a dial indicator method, a displacement sensor, deflection detection based on a differential GPS, deflection detection based on a collimated laser and the like, and are widely applied to bridge construction site detection and acceptance and identification, but the measurement methods with high cost and simple structure are only suitable for short-term bridge measurement, manual measurement and the like, and have the problems of time and labor waste, high use difficulty, difficulty in real-time measurement, large environmental influence on the measurement result, low precision, high requirement on weather environment and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides bridge deflection measuring equipment and a method.
The invention establishes a regional coordinate system for the bridge, arranges the information transmitting and transmitting devices to feed back time information so as to obtain position information, finally carries out accurate measurement of deflection, can simultaneously detect micro displacement generated at the positions of a plurality of measuring points, and efficiently and quickly detects the deflection values of the plurality of positions of the bridge through an electronic information technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a bridge deflection measuring apparatus installation according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method for measuring the deflection of a bridge according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Referring first to fig. 1, a schematic installation diagram of a bridge deflection measuring apparatus according to one embodiment illustrates the main components and installation of the apparatus.
The bridge deflection measuring equipment mainly comprises three components, namely a computer terminal data processing system and a coordinate system construction system 1, a primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device 2 and a secondary information receiving and transmitting device 3.
The computer terminal data processing system and the coordinate system construction system 1 refer to computer equipment for initially setting and establishing coordinates and operation data, and an accurate and stable coordinate system needs to be provided at an initial stage. In one embodiment, the computer equipment is placed in a control room of a worker or other places convenient for the worker to operate remotely, and the computer equipment transmits data through electronic signals, so that the equipment can be arranged in any stable place. The equipment is provided with a wireless data acquisition device, signal transmission can be carried out through a built-in wireless network card or a Bluetooth module, and detection personnel can remotely detect the deflection change degree of each part of the bridge in real time through the computer terminal data processing system and the coordinate system construction system 1.
The primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device 2 is provided with at least 3 primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices at the lower end of the stable bridge abutment (fig. 1 is only a schematic diagram, and the specific position can be determined according to the actual situation, as long as the position is close to the lower position of the bridge abutment or the position is stable nearby). The device has the functions of receiving information, transmitting time information and transmitting electromagnetic wave signals, and the information can also comprise coordinate information. According to one embodiment, the device comprises an electromagnetic wave signal emitter, a CPU controller, a wireless network card, a singlechip for recording time and the like, and the power supply device can be provided by a solar panel. The determination of the self time can be controlled by the computer terminal data processing system, and the self coordinate information can be manually input or the numerical value can be manually changed by the computer terminal data processing system. Each of the primary signal transmitting and data receiving/transmitting devices 2 may continuously send out a signal containing four data, its X, Y, Z coordinate value and the time information of sending out the signal. Each of the primary signal transmission and data reception transmission devices 2 sets a different transmission frequency for the secondary information reception and transmission device 3 to distinguish which of the primary signal transmission and data reception transmission devices 2 transmitted the signal received, and the different frequency can be used as a mark for identifying the different transmission devices.
The secondary information receiving and transmitting device 3 is installed at an important part where bridge deflection needs to be detected, and can be installed at a plurality of positions (3 shown in fig. 1 are only examples) according to needs, the device 3 and the primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device 2 have basically the same functions, and the electromagnetic wave signals transmitted by the primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device 2 need to be received, and the arrival time of the signals is recorded. In addition, in order to distinguish which primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device 2 transmits the electromagnetic wave signal, the secondary information receiving and transmitting device 3 is provided with 3 receiving sensors with different frequencies (3 are only examples, and the specific number can correspond to the number of the primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices 2), respectively receives the signals of the primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices 2 which transmit different frequencies at different positions, records the respective receiving time, and finally transmits the information to the computer terminal data processing system. According to one embodiment, the device 3 comprises a single chip for recording time, 3 sensors for receiving signals with different frequencies, a wireless network card and the like, can be in a sheet shape, and can be realized by using a chip with the size of a button and wireless network transmission equipment. The fixing device is fixed at a required position by using an adhering mode, for example, the fixing device is required to be tightly attached to the bottom surface of a bridge in order to reduce the distance error to the maximum extent. The secondary information receiving and transmitting device 3 can be used after being installed and started without setting coordinate values in advance, and the solar cell panel provides electric energy uniformly.
Furthermore, as described below, since the solution proposed by the present invention requires the measurement of the deflection according to the time of signal transmission and reception, the time uniformity between the devices is very important, and therefore, after the system is installed, the computer terminal data processing system and the coordinate system construction system 1 need to calibrate the time of the primary signal transmission and data reception transmission device 2 and the secondary information reception and transmission device 3, and can set a half hour or one hour for cyclic calibration to update the uniform time between the devices.
After the three devices are installed, since the primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device 2 is a basic point for measuring deflection change, after the origin position of the measurement coordinate system is determined (for example, the intersection point of the central line of the bridge and the ground is determined as the origin position, which is non-limiting in this example, the origin position can be determined at will as needed), the coordinate information of each primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device 2 in the measurement coordinate system is determined according to the installation position of each primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device 2 on the bridge, and the coordinate information can be manually input into the primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device 2 as described above. The primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device 2 transmits respective coordinate information to the computer terminal data processing system and the coordinate system constructing system 1.
The computer terminal data processing system and the coordinate system constructing system 1 set the unit length of the coordinate according to the received coordinate information and the original point position of each primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device 2, and establish a measuring coordinate system in the system 1.
According to an alternative embodiment, after the coordinate system is established, the computer terminal data processing system and the coordinate system establishing system 1 may further perform position recheck on the coordinate information of each primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device 2.
As described above, the computer terminal data processing system and coordinate system constructing system 1 transmits the system time to each of the installed primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices 2 and each of the installed secondary information receiving and transmitting devices 3 to unify the time of all the devices.
In the deflection measurement stage, when loads act on different positions of the bridge, the primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices 2 continuously transmit signals and record the transmitting time of the transmitted signals as TiWhere i denotes the i-th primary signal transmitting and data receiving transmission apparatus 2. Each secondary information receiving and transmitting device 3 receives the signals of the plurality of different primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices 2, and the receiving time is recorded as tiSimilarly, i represents that the signal is received from the ith primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device 2, and then the secondary information receiving and transmitting device 3 transmits the time data to the computer terminal data processing system and the coordinate system constructing system 1; the computer terminal data processing system and the coordinate system construction system 1 obtain the coordinates of the secondary information receiving and transmitting device 3 in the measurement coordinate system according to the coordinates of the primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices 2, the time when the primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices 2 send signals, and the time when the secondary information receiving and transmitting device 3 receives the signals of the primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices 2. The coordinates of the secondary information receiving and transmitting means 3 obtained in different time periods may be different, and the difference between the coordinates indicates the change in the bridge deflection at the location of the secondary information receiving and transmitting means 3.
Specifically, the computer terminal data processing system and the coordinate system constructing system 1 can obtain the coordinate values of the secondary information receiving and transmitting device 3 by the following formula.
(x-xi)2+(y-yi)2+(z-zi)2＝[(Ti-ti)·c]2(formula 1)
Wherein x, y, z are coordinate values of the secondary information receiving and transmitting device 3 to be measured, xi、yi、ziThe coordinate value, T, of the ith primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device 2iFor the time of transmission of the signal, t, for the ith primary signal transmission and data reception transmission means 2iThe reception time of the signal transmitted by the ith primary signal transmission and data reception transmission device 2 is received for the secondary information reception and transmission device 3.
The number of the primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices 2 is at least three, and in one embodiment, the value of i may be 1, 2, and 3.
In addition, as described above, the position where the bridge needs to be measured is located (i.e. the secondary information receiving and transmitting device 3 is installed), and the deflection information at a plurality of positions is continuously measured, so as to form a deflection change curve image in the computer terminal data processing system and the coordinate system construction system 1. The measuring technology can measure the deflection value of the bridge, can obtain the transverse micro displacement of the bridge, and more comprehensively detects the displacement change of the bridge caused by external influence, such as the influence of natural environment and heavy-load motor vehicle steering on the bridge body, and the micro movement of any part of the bridge body can be detected.
The measurement principle employed in the present application is as follows.
For the determination of the spatial position of a certain point, the initial time needs to establish a coordinate system by 3 determined coordinate values, the origin can be determined manually at the actual bridge position, firstly, the coordinate values of 3 primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices 2 are set, and the coordinate values can be determined according to the measured value of the actual environment of the bridge. The primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device 2 is arranged at a measured position, coordinate data are transmitted to a computer terminal data processing system and a coordinate system constructing system 1, then a secondary information receiving and transmitting device 3 is arranged at a position where bridge deflection measurement is needed, and the position coordinates of the secondary information receiving and transmitting device 3 are obtained to be solved according to a distance equation, namely formula 1.
(x-xi)2+(y-yi)2+(z-zi)2＝[(Ti-ti)·c]2
On the left side of the equation, a distance formula of two space points is shown, and the distance between a certain primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device 2 and a secondary information receiving and transmitting device 3 is calculated by a coordinate value algebraic formula, wherein (x, y, z) is unknown, (x isi，yi，zi) Is the coordinate value of one primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device 2. The coordinate values (x, y, z) are the unknowns to be solved, and it can be seen from the equation that at least 3 coordinate values of the primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device 2 are required to solve the equation to determine 1 coordinate value of the secondary information receiving and transmitting device 3. The distance formula of two space points is used to list a distance equation, so if there are 3 different primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices 2 position coordinates in the system, an equation set containing 3 equations can be obtained.
To the right of the equation, the distance corresponding to the time difference between signal transmission and reception is given, and when a signal is transmitted to the position of the secondary information reception and transmission device 3 on the 1 primary signal transmission and data reception transmission device 2, this results in the distance between the two points, which is a condition for solving the coordinate value. The signal is transmitted from the primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device 2 to the secondary information receiving and transmitting device 3, the electromagnetic wave is transmitted at the speed of light, the starting time of signal transmission and the ending time of signal receiving are recorded, namely the time difference of the signal transmission process can be known, and the distance between the two can be obtained by multiplying the time difference by the signal transmission speed. The other 2 primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices 2 also obtain the distance value on the right side of the other 2 equation equations according to the same steps, so that 3 equations are simultaneously established, and the unknown coordinate value (x, y, z) is solved.
As mentioned above, the electromagnetic signals of different primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices 2 can be transmitted by using different frequencies, so that the secondary information receiving and transmitting device 3 can distinguish which primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device 2 is the signal. The secondary information receiving and transmitting device 3 records the time of receiving different signals of the primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device 2 each time and transmits the recorded signals to the computer terminal data processing system and the coordinate system constructing system 1. The data is brought into an equation in the processing system to obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the secondary information receiving and transmitting device 3.
The following table shows an exemplary data record.
After the data is substituted into the above equation, a set of solutions can be obtained according to the first set of data, so that the coordinate values of the secondary information receiving and transmitting device 3 at a certain position in the local area can be obtained. And then, the values are solved by using the second group of data, and the change value of the deflection of the bridge in unit time can be obtained by subtracting the values. As shown in Table 1, S1 obtains different coordinate values according to two different sets of data, and the difference between the two coordinate values represents the deflection change value of the bridge at the position of S1. The method is used for accurately calculating a space position, and after secondary information receiving and transmitting devices 3 positioned at multiple points on the bottom surface of a bridge are used for simultaneously calculating to obtain three-dimensional coordinates, the method can be used for drawing the change trend of the bridge deflection at multiple positions in a data processing system, so that the dynamic monitoring of the bridge deflection is realized.
According to the bridge deflection measuring device mentioned above, the invention also provides a bridge deflection measuring method, as shown in fig. 2, the method comprises the following steps:
And 2, respectively inputting the determined respective coordinates of the plurality of primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices into the plurality of primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices, and transmitting the coordinate information to a computer terminal data processing system and a coordinate system constructing system by the primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices.
And 3, determining the origin of the measurement coordinate system by the computer terminal data processing system and the coordinate system construction system according to the transmitted coordinate information, setting the unit length of the coordinate, and establishing a proper measurement coordinate system in the system.
According to an embodiment, after the step 3, the method may further include sending the coordinate information to the plurality of primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices whose positions have been determined, and transmitting the coordinate information to the computer terminal data processing system and the coordinate system constructing system for position checking.
And 4, installing one or more secondary information receiving and transmitting devices at the bottom surface of the bridge needing deflection measurement, and unifying the time of the plurality of primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices and the time of the secondary information receiving and transmitting devices by using the computer terminal data processing system and the coordinate system constructing system.
And 5, continuously transmitting signals by the plurality of primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices and recording the transmitting time of the signals, recording the transmitting and receiving time of the signals when the secondary information receiving and transmitting device receives the transmitting signals of the plurality of different primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices, and transmitting the transmitting and receiving time to the computer terminal data processing system and the coordinate system constructing system by the secondary information receiving and transmitting device.
And 6, the computer terminal data processing system and the coordinate system construction system obtain the coordinates of the secondary information receiving and transmitting device in the measurement coordinate system according to the coordinates of the primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices, the signal transmitting time of the primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices and the receiving time of the secondary information receiving and transmitting device receiving the transmitting signals of the primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices.
And 7, continuously calculating coordinate values of the secondary information receiving and transmitting device by the computer terminal data processing system and the coordinate system constructing system and carrying out difference to obtain deflection change.
In addition, after the step 7, the computer terminal data processing system and the coordinate system construction system can also store the deflection data obtained by calculation and calculate errors to obtain the real deflection.
Since the above method corresponds to the above device, details of the same implementation are not described again.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the invention can directly place the secondary information receiving and transmitting device 3 at a plurality of positions needing to detect the deflection of the bridge or important sections, is light, convenient and convenient, is convenient to install, and reduces the influence of the external environment on the detecting device to the maximum extent.
(2) The invention constructs the independent three-dimensional coordinate system of the region through the computer terminal data processing system and the coordinate system constructing system 1, compared with other measuring equipment such as GPS and the like, the invention has the advantages of short measuring distance and reduced influence of natural environment on distance measurement. The independent three-dimensional coordinates can be set according to the actual environment, and the measurement range can cover most bridge structures with different structural forms. And the electronic information technology is applied to realize the remote detection of the deflection change of the bridge.
(3) The invention can simultaneously detect the deflection change of bridges at a plurality of points by constructing the independent three-dimensional coordinate system of the region, can cover the bottom surface of the whole bridge, realizes the simultaneous detection of the deflection change of different lanes, and finally forms a bridge deflection change diagram of a certain region section on the computer terminal data processing system and the coordinate system construction system 1, thereby realizing the convenient, rapid and comprehensive detection of the health and safety condition of the bridge.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and it is intended to cover in the claims the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The bridge deflection measuring equipment is characterized in that:
the bridge deflection measuring equipment comprises a computer terminal data processing system, a coordinate system construction system, at least three primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices and at least one secondary information receiving and transmitting device;
the at least three primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices are arranged at a stable bridge position and are provided with electromagnetic wave signal transmitters for transmitting electromagnetic wave signals;
the at least one secondary information receiving and transmitting device is arranged at the position of a bridge needing to detect the deflection of the bridge, receives electromagnetic wave signals from the at least three primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices, and records the transmitting and receiving time of the electromagnetic wave signals;
the computer terminal data processing system and the coordinate system construction system are computer equipment with a wireless data acquisition device, and are used for establishing a measurement coordinate system according to the coordinates of the at least three primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices, determining the coordinates of the secondary information receiving and transmitting device according to the coordinates of the at least three primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices and the transmitting and receiving time of the electromagnetic wave signals recorded by the secondary information receiving and transmitting device, and determining the bridge deflection according to the coordinate change;
the computer terminal data processing system and the coordinate system construction system are used for unifying the time of the at least three primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices and the time of the at least one secondary information receiving and transmitting device;
the electromagnetic wave signal transmitter of each primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device has different electromagnetic wave signal transmitting frequencies so as to distinguish the at least three primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices, each primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device continuously transmits an electromagnetic wave signal, and the electromagnetic wave signal comprises the coordinate of the primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device and the transmitting time of the electromagnetic wave signal;
the secondary information receiving and transmitting device receives the electromagnetic wave signals from each primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device by using receiving sensors with different frequencies, records the electromagnetic wave signal transmitting time and the receiving time of the electromagnetic wave signals of each primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device, and sends the coordinates of each primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device, the signal transmitting time of each primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device and the receiving time of the transmitted signals to the computer terminal data processing system and the coordinate system constructing system.
2. The bridge deflection measuring apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
each primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device is pre-stored with own coordinates, and sends the own coordinates to the computer terminal data processing system and the coordinate system construction system, so that the computer terminal data processing system and the coordinate system construction system establish the measuring coordinate system.
3. The bridge deflection measuring apparatus of claim 2, wherein:
each of the at least one secondary information receiving and transmitting device has n receiving sensors with different frequencies, wherein the value of n is the same as the number of the at least three primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices, and each receiving sensor with different frequency corresponds to the primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device of the electromagnetic wave signal transmitter with corresponding frequency.
4. A bridge deflection measuring apparatus according to claim 3, wherein:
the computer terminal data processing system and the coordinate system construction system determine the coordinates of the secondary information receiving and transmitting device according to the following formula:
(x-xi)2+(y-yi)2+(z-zi)2＝[(Ti-ti)·c]2
wherein x, y and z are coordinate values of the secondary information receiving and transmitting device to be measured, and xi、yi、ziIs the coordinate value, T, of the ith primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting deviceiFor the time of transmission of the signal, t, of the ith primary signal transmission and data reception transmission meansiAnd the receiving time of the signal transmitted by the ith primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device is received by the secondary information receiving and transmitting device, wherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n.
5. A bridge deflection measurement method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, installing at least three primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices at a stable bridge, and determining the position of an origin and the coordinates of each primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device;
step 2, respectively inputting the determined respective coordinates of each primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device into the device, and transmitting the coordinate information to a computer terminal data processing system and a coordinate system constructing system by each primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device;
step 3, the computer terminal data processing system and the coordinate system construction system determine the origin of the measurement coordinate system according to the transmitted coordinate information, set the unit length of the coordinate, and establish a proper measurement coordinate system in the system;
step 4, one or more secondary information receiving and transmitting devices are installed at the bottom surface of the bridge needing deflection measurement, and the time of the at least three primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices and the time of the secondary information receiving and transmitting devices are unified by the computer terminal data processing system and the coordinate system constructing system;
step 5, each primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device continuously transmits signals, the signals have self coordinates and signal transmitting time, the secondary information receiving and transmitting device records the transmitting and receiving time of the signals when receiving the transmitting signals of each primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device, and the secondary information receiving and transmitting device transmits the transmitting and receiving time to a computer terminal data processing system and a coordinate system constructing system;
step 6, the computer terminal data processing system and the coordinate system construction system obtain the coordinates of the secondary information receiving and transmitting device in the measuring coordinate system according to the coordinates of the at least three primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices, the transmitting time of the at least three primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices, and the receiving time of the secondary information receiving and transmitting device receiving the transmitting signals of the at least three primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices;
and 7, continuously calculating coordinate values of the secondary information receiving and transmitting device by the computer terminal data processing system and the coordinate system constructing system and carrying out difference to obtain deflection change.
6. The bridge deflection measuring method according to claim 5, characterized in that:
step 1 comprises the steps of manually determining the position of an origin at the position of the bridge and measuring the coordinates of the at least three primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices.
7. The bridge deflection measuring method according to claim 6, characterized in that:
in step 6, the computer terminal data processing system and the coordinate system construction system determine the coordinates of the secondary information receiving and transmitting device according to the following formula:
(x-xi)2+(y-yi)2+(z-zi)2＝[(Ti-ti)·c]2
wherein x, y and z are coordinate values of the secondary information receiving and transmitting device to be measured, and xi、yi、ziIs the coordinate value, T, of the ith primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting deviceiFor the time of transmission of the signal, t, of the ith primary signal transmission and data reception transmission meansiAnd the receiving time of the ith primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting device for receiving the signals transmitted by the secondary information receiving and transmitting device is 1-n, wherein n is the number of the primary signal transmitting and data receiving and transmitting devices.
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| WO2009138662A1 (en) * | 2008-04-24 | 2009-11-19 | Ixsea | Underwater acoustic positioning system |
| CN105783798A (en) * | 2016-05-04 | 2016-07-20 | 清华大学 | Structure surface deformation monitoring system and method thereof |
| CN107631693A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2018-01-26 | 重庆大学 | A kind of two-dimentional multiple spot laser displacement measurement system |
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