CN111024500A - Method for monitoring stress correction after fault formation simulation - Google Patents
Method for monitoring stress correction after fault formation simulation Download PDFInfo
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- CN111024500A CN111024500A CN201911362658.6A CN201911362658A CN111024500A CN 111024500 A CN111024500 A CN 111024500A CN 201911362658 A CN201911362658 A CN 201911362658A CN 111024500 A CN111024500 A CN 111024500A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N3/066—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with electrical indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0617—Electrical or magnetic indicating, recording or sensing means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0617—Electrical or magnetic indicating, recording or sensing means
- G01N2203/0635—Electrical or magnetic indicating, recording or sensing means using magnetic properties
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for monitoring stress correction after fault formation simulation, which relates to the technical field of indoor simulation tests and comprises the following steps: A. carrying out a similar material simulation fault test, and determining the position of the coal seam, the setting number and the position of the stress sensors; B. laying similar materials, and placing a stress sensor; C. extruding similar materials through a lateral loading device to form a fault, and simultaneously recording monitoring data of the stress sensor; D. and determining the position and the angle of the stress sensor, and correcting the monitoring data of the stress sensor. The stress sensor is wound with a conductive wire group, the stress sensor is connected with the collection box, the collection box controls the conductive wire group to be electrified to form an electromagnet, and the position and the angle of the stress sensor are determined by spraying magnetic powder on the surface of a similar material. The method solves the technical problems that in a similar material simulation test, the position and the angle of the embedded stress sensor are changed due to disturbance, and the monitored stress has errors.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of indoor simulation tests, in particular to a method for monitoring stress correction after fault formation simulation.
Background
Coal mining mainly takes underground mining as a main part, most of the coal mining is constructed underground, and the coal mining inevitably passes through various types of faults. Because the fault can cut the stratum to destroy the continuity and the integrity of the stratum, a fault zone crushing area is formed, and the stress, the displacement and the destruction form of the surrounding rock mass generate larger difference; therefore, when construction is carried out near a fault, particularly a large fault, engineering disturbance and superposition of the fault can cause the response characteristics of a rock body near the fault to be different from that of a complete rock body, and engineering geological disasters can be induced. Near-fault coal resource mining faces a variety of major disasters, such as mine earthquake, roof caving, rock burst and the like, and the fundamental cause of the disasters is that mining activities destroy the equilibrium state of rock strata near the fault. In order to know the stress, deformation and damage evolution law of the rock mass in the region under the interaction of the fault and the mining engineering and prevent and treat the basis of related disasters, a similar material simulation test is carried out.
The physical simulation experiment of construction, such as chinese patent CN201910274040.8, is an important and effective method for studying geological structure. The structure simulation experiment device used in the geological structure simulation is equipment for controlling experiment simulation to carry out deformation experiment, simulating or inverting geological causes such as fault and the like according to the similarity principle through movement and force. The main body of the device mostly adopts experimental containers such as a sand box, and the construction forming process is simulated by paving multiple layers of experimental materials with different numbers in the sand box. In a simulation experiment, the stress sensor is horizontally laid and buried in an experimental material and is mainly used for monitoring the stress of an overburden. And (4) forming the fault, mainly applying force through a side loading device, and thus promoting the movement of the experimental material to form the fault.
In the test of simulating faults by similar materials, the test materials inevitably rotate in the movement process, so that the stress sensor laid horizontally rotates. The data monitored by the stress sensor after rotation cannot truly reflect the vertical overburden stress, and an error exists between the data and the actual stress, so that the existing stress monitoring method needs to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem that position and angle changes are caused by disturbance of an embedded stress sensor in a similar material simulation test, and stress monitoring data have errors, and provide a basis for knowing and researching the stress, deformation and damage evolution rule of a rock body near a fault, the invention provides a method for monitoring stress modification after the formation of the simulated fault, and the specific technical scheme is as follows.
A method for simulating post fault formation monitoring stress modification, the steps comprising:
A. carrying out a similar material simulation fault test, and determining the position of a simulation coal seam, and the setting number and the position of the stress sensors;
B. paving similar materials in a fault simulation device, and placing a stress sensor;
C. similar materials are laterally loaded and extruded through a fault simulation device to form a fault, and monitoring data of the stress sensor are recorded;
D. and determining the position and the angle of the stress sensor, and correcting the monitoring data of the stress sensor.
Preferably, the similar material comprises sand, gypsum, calcium carbonate and water, and the similar material is screened to remove magnetic powder from the sand before use.
Preferably, the stress sensor is wound with a conductive wire group, the stress sensor is connected with the collection box, and the collection box controls the conductive wire group to be electrified to form the electromagnet.
It is also preferred that the stress sensors are disposed in the upper wall of the simulated fault, the fracture point of the simulated fault, the simulated immediate roof and the upper simulated rock formation.
Further preferably, when the position and the angle of the stress sensor are determined, a layer of white paper is laid on the similar material, and magnetic powder is sprayed on the paper after the conductive wire group on the stress sensor is electrified; and determining the position and the angle of the stress sensor according to the length and the angle formed after the magnetic powder moves.
More preferably, if the acute angle between the stress sensor and the horizontal direction is α, and the vertical stress monitored by the stress sensor is F, the corrected vertical stress monitoring data is F' ═ F · cos α, and the corrected horizontal stress monitoring data is F ═ F · sin α.
The stress sensor has the advantages that the position of the stress sensor is better determined by changing the structure of the stress sensor, the angle of the stress sensor is determined by utilizing the magnetic powder, and the monitoring of the stress and the implementation of a simulation test cannot be influenced; the method for correcting the monitoring stress after the simulated fault is formed is provided, the angle and the position of the stress sensor after the fault is simulated are determined, so that the monitoring data of the stress sensor are corrected, the real monitoring data are obtained, and the stress, deformation and damage evolution law of a rock body near the fault is better known and researched.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fault simulation apparatus;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of a stress sensor;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a correction calculation;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of monitoring the horizontal stress of the test;
in the figure: 1-horizontal loading device; 2-bottom constriction means; 3-front and rear baffles; 4-front and back sealing transparent plates; 5-external reinforcing channel steel; 6-bottom reverse fault induction means; 7-a stress sensor; 8-a collection box; 9-group of conductive lines.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, a method for monitoring stress modification after fault formation according to an embodiment of the present invention is as follows.
A fault simulation device is utilized to carry out a test of simulating a fault by using similar materials, and a test system for carrying out the test mainly comprises three parts: the fault formation process simulation test device comprises a fault formation process simulation test device, a stress monitoring system and a displacement monitoring system. The test system comprises: the lead screw is adopted for lateral loading, so that displacement loading can be realized, and constant displacement can be effectively kept in the fault development process; the method can visually and clearly reproduce the development process of the reverse fault and monitor the stress displacement change of the upper disc rock stratum in the development process of the reverse fault in real time. The reverse fault forming process simulates a test bed, and in the test bed development process, if a model is too large, lateral stress is difficult to apply, and the reverse fault development process is difficult to control. In view of the experimental operability, the effective size of the test stand is designed as follows: length × width × height is 800mm × 300mm × 500 mm. The test bench mainly includes: the device comprises a horizontal loading device, a bottom contraction device, front and rear baffles, front and rear sealing transparent plates, an external reinforcing channel steel and a bottom reverse fault induction device.
The horizontal loading device mainly comprises a reaction frame, a screw rod and a thrust plate, wherein the screw rod drives the thrust plate to apply horizontal thrust to the model at a constant speed, and the maximum horizontal thrust can reach 300 kN. The thrust plate consists of a push plate and a sleeve, and the push plate and the sleeve are welded together through four vertical plates. The screw rod and the sleeve are connected by bolts and nuts, and thrust bearings are installed at the contact positions of the screw rod and the sleeve to reduce friction.
The bottom contraction device is composed of a high-elastic rubber cushion, and two ends of the bottom contraction device are fixed on the thrust plate. Before exerting horizontal thrust, high-elastic rubber leather pad is in tensile state, and high-elastic rubber leather pad shrink keeps and is unanimous with the model deformation, and inside the rubber pad elastic recovery warp but does not have additional power to transmit the model, can effectively reduce the friction between model and test bench bottom.
The bottom reverse fault inducing device is nested at the lower part in the model and is close to the high-elastic rubber cushion. Under the action of horizontal thrust, the inducing device can make the stress field which is relatively and uniformly distributed in the model generate stress concentration at the position, so that the stress at the position in the model firstly reaches the strength limit of the model material to be sheared and damaged, and then the fault cracks and develops gradually; when the model is compressed and deformed, the rubber is consistent with the deformation of the model, and the fault inducing device is always kept at the fixed position of the model, so that the initial development position of the reverse fault in the model is ensured.
The front and the rear transparent sealing plates are fixed on the front and the rear baffles, and rock stratum movement and fracture conditions in the test process can be clearly observed through the front transparent sealing plates. In order to prevent the transparent sealing plate from deforming, a channel steel is arranged on the outer side of the transparent sealing plate for reinforcement. The stress monitoring system mainly comprises a computer controller, a stress collection box and a stress sensor. The stress sensor is embedded in the reverse fault development process model and connected with the stress collection box; and controlling the stress acquisition system to acquire stress data through a computer. The displacement monitoring system mainly comprises a high-speed camera and a later stage software identification processing part.
A method for simulating post fault formation monitoring stress modification, the steps comprising:
A. and (4) carrying out a similar material simulation fault test, and determining the position of the simulated coal seam and the setting number and position of the stress sensors. The stress sensor is wound with a conductive wire group, the stress sensor is connected with the collection box, and the collection box controls the conductive wire group to be electrified to form the electromagnet. The stress sensors are arranged on the upper plate of the simulated fault, the starting point of the simulated fault, the simulated direct roof and the upper simulated rock stratum. The stress sensor adopts a Dandong BX-1 type resistance pressure sensor, the sensor has high sensitivity and a simple structure, and the processing of stress monitoring data adopts a Donghua DH3816N test system.
B. And (4) paving similar materials in the fault simulation device, and placing a stress sensor. Similar material includes sand, gypsum, calcium carbonate and water, and similar material need screen the magnetic powder in the sand before using, appears the error when avoiding later stage to pass through the magnetic powder and confirm the sensor position. Different lithologies including siltstone, fine sandstone, mudstone, coal and other materials with different strengths are simulated according to actual needs.
C. Similar materials are laterally loaded and extruded through a fault simulation device to form a fault, and monitoring data of the stress sensor are recorded.
Under the action of horizontal extrusion, the model is compressed and deformed in the horizontal direction, the rock stratum in the upper right region is deformed greatly, and the phenomena of obvious bending and multiple small-distance dislocation occur; compressing amount and upper boundary rising value of the model in different positions in the horizontal direction after the fault is formed; the rock formations move upward while being compressively deformed in the horizontal direction. Certain structural stress is still remained in the regional rock stratum after the fault is formed, so that the distribution characteristic of the coal rock body crustal stress (before mining) near the fault is reflected more truly; the test system not only provides a basic test platform for safe and efficient coal mining near the reverse fault, but also provides a brand new thought and method for developing deep research on dynamic disasters of coal and rock masses induced by the reverse fault.
However, the position and angle of the embedded stress sensor can also be changed due to the simulation of the movement of the coal rock stratum, so that the monitoring data of the stress sensor is not accurately taken directly, and the monitoring data needs to be corrected to ensure the accuracy of the monitoring data.
D. And determining the position and the angle of the stress sensor, and correcting the monitoring data of the stress sensor.
When the position and the angle of the stress sensor are determined, a layer of white paper can be laid on the outer surface of the similar material, magnetic powder is sprayed on the paper after a conductive wire group on the stress sensor is electrified, and the position and the angle of the stress sensor are determined according to the length and the angle formed after the magnetic powder moves; magnetic powder can be directly sprayed on the outer surface of a similar material, and the length and the angle formed after the magnetic powder moves can also be obtained, so that the position and the angle of the stress sensor are determined; or after the test is finished and in the process of disassembling the model after the test is finished, the final position and the direction of the stress sensor are checked one by one so as to determine the position and the angle of the stress sensor.
And an acute included angle between the stress sensor and the horizontal direction is α, if the vertical stress monitored by the stress sensor is F, the corrected vertical stress monitoring data is F' ═ F · cos α, and the corrected horizontal stress monitoring data is F ═ F · sin α.
In order to further explain the effect of the method on correcting the monitoring data of the stress sensor, the monitoring results and the correction results of part of sensors in a specific experiment are compared, the comparison result is shown in figure 4, wherein the No. 4 measuring point is an original monitoring result, the No. 5 measuring point which is the same layer as the No. 4 measuring point but has no change in angle and position of the sensor is used for comparison, and the comparison result shows that the monitoring data of the No. 4 measuring point is basically consistent with the monitoring data of the No. 5 measuring point after being corrected.
The stress sensor has the advantages that the position of the stress sensor is better determined by changing the structure of the stress sensor, the angle of the stress sensor is determined by utilizing the magnetic powder, and the monitoring of the stress and the implementation of a simulation test cannot be influenced; the method for correcting the monitoring stress after the simulated fault is formed is provided, the angle and the position of the stress sensor after the fault is simulated are determined, so that the monitoring data of the stress sensor are corrected, the real monitoring data are obtained, and the stress, deformation and damage evolution law of a rock body near the fault is better known and researched.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for simulating post fault formation monitoring stress modification, comprising the steps of:
A. carrying out a similar material simulation fault test, and determining the position of a simulation coal seam, and the setting number and the position of the stress sensors;
B. paving similar materials in a fault simulation device, and placing a stress sensor;
C. similar materials are laterally loaded and extruded through a fault simulation device to form a fault, and monitoring data of the stress sensor are recorded;
D. and determining the position and the angle of the stress sensor, and correcting the monitoring data of the stress sensor.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the similar materials comprise sand, gypsum, calcium carbonate and water, and wherein the similar materials are screened for magnetic particles in the sand prior to use.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the stress sensor is wound with a set of conductive wires, the stress sensor is connected to a collection box, and the collection box controls the set of conductive wires to be energized to form the electromagnet.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the stress sensors are disposed in an upper tray of simulated faults, a fracture point of simulated faults, a simulated direct roof, and an upper simulated formation.
5. The method for monitoring stress correction after simulating fault formation according to claim 4, wherein when the position and the angle of the stress sensor are determined, a layer of white paper is laid on a similar material, and magnetic powder is sprayed on the paper after the conductive wire group on the stress sensor is electrified; and determining the position and the angle of the stress sensor according to the length and the angle formed after the magnetic powder moves.
6. The method for simulating monitored stress correction after fault formation according to claim 4, wherein the acute included angle between the stress sensor and the horizontal direction is α, the vertical stress monitored by the stress sensor is F, and the corrected vertical stress monitoring data is F' ═ F · cos α, and the corrected horizontal stress monitoring data is F ═ F · sin α.
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Cited By (2)
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