CN105780448A - 一种防水防污抗菌功能织物的加工方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种防水防污抗菌功能织物的加工方法。将包括具有抗菌性能的纳米材料和聚环氧乙烷的聚氨酯水分散整理剂施加于织物后，再在温度为130～170℃的真空条件下进行干燥处理，即可得到一种防水防污抗菌功能织物。本发明利用真空干燥环境所营造的低表面能环境，诱导聚氨酯表面的低聚二甲基硅氧烷链段离析至聚氨酯表面，使聚合物表面主要由表面能较低的高分子链段占据，从而达到聚合物表面疏水化；整理剂中纳米材料的荷叶效应，增强了疏水化效果，同时纳米材料本身的抗菌性赋予织物优异的抗菌性能，从而实现高分子表面多功能化设计。本发明技术方案能有效提高织物防油防水的耐用性，同时赋予织物优异的抗菌性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织品后整理技术，特别涉及一种同时赋予纺织品具有防水防污抗菌等多种功能的加工方法。
背景技术
长期以来，用氟化物处理纤维基材，使其具有防水、耐脏和防污性，这些含氟化合物一般包括氟化组分和非氟化聚合物骨架。而聚合物骨架的重要特征是其能够在纤维表面形成耐久膜。Karkar等人在美国专利US4007305中公开了一种纺织品基材的处理方法，可获得非耐久的拒水、拒油和防污性以及非耐久的易去污性能。含氟防水防水防污组合物可参见专利文献US5350795、US5738687、US6074436和WO98/50616等。含氟化合物能帮助减少基材纤维沾污、沾油和沾水的倾向。虽然就防水和防污而言这些材料表现良好，但是人们越来越关心和氟化物相关的健康和环境问题。
水性聚氨酯分散液已经被用来为纺织品提供防潮性能。如公开号为WO00/37535、US4180491、US3362780和US4082703的专利文献，公开了可分散于水中的聚氨酯复配剂，但所提供的组合物缺乏耐久性。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术存在的不足，提供一种多功能水性聚氨酯整理剂处理织物以赋予其具有防污性、防水性、抗菌性的方法，能有效提高施加到织物的防油防水的耐用性，同时赋予织物优异的抗菌性。
实现本发明目的的技术方案是提供一种防水防污抗菌功能织物的加工方法，包括如下步骤：
a)提供包含一种或多种聚酯或与另一纤维或多种纤维组合混纺的一种或多种聚酯的织物；
b)施加包含聚环氧乙烷的聚氨酯水分散整理剂，所述聚环氧乙烷包含至少一个羟基；
c)施加具有抗菌性能的纳米材料；
d)在温度为130～170℃的真空条件下进行干燥处理，得到一种防水防污抗菌功能织物。
本发明所述织物包含聚酯和棉；按重量计，织物可包含5～100%的聚酯。所述聚酯包含聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯和至少一种选自如下聚合物的双组份纤维：聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯，及它们的组合。
本发明所述聚环氧乙烷包括含有一个羟基的单甲氧基聚环氧乙烷。所述聚氨酯含有低聚二甲基硅氧烷链段。所述的具有抗菌性能的纳米材料为纳米氧化锌、纳米二氧化钛、纳米银中的一种，或它们的组合。
本发明所述聚氨酯水分散整理剂的施加方法包括揩涂、涂布、浸渍、浸涂、喷涂、刷涂和涂膜中的一种，或它们的组合。干燥处理的一个优选方案是：真空干燥度为（50～80）×133.32Pz。真空干燥时间为1～3min。
目前，通过环境诱导聚合物功能化端基在表面的离析，已成为控制高分子表面结构和性质的一种重要手段。本发明的原理是：利用真空干燥环境所营造的低表面能环境，诱导聚氨酯表面的低聚二甲基硅氧烷链段离析至聚氨酯表面，使聚合物表面主要由表面能较低的高分子链段占据，从而达到聚合物表面疏水化；整理剂中纳米材料的荷叶效应，增强了疏水化效果，同时纳米材料本身的抗菌性赋予织物优异的抗菌性能，从而实现高分子表面多功能化设计。因此，与现有技术相比，本发明技术方案能有效提高织物防油防水的耐用性，同时赋予织物优异的抗菌性。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明技术方案作进一步的阐述。
实施例1
本实施例提供的织物为聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯纤维织物。制备包含聚环氧乙烷、纳米氧化锌的水分散聚氨酯整理液；其中，聚环氧乙烷包含至少一个羟基。
将织物浸渍在水分散聚氨酯整理液中，二浸二轧后，在真空度60×133.32Pz，温度170℃的条件下，真空干燥处理3min，得到一种具有防污防水和抗菌功能的织物。
实施例2
本实施例提供的织物为聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯纤维织物。将织物浸渍于包含聚环氧乙烷、纳米二氧化钛的水分散聚氨酯整理液中，其中，聚环氧乙烷包含至少一个羟基。二浸二轧后，在真空度80×133.32Pz，温度170℃的条件下，真空干燥处理3min，得到一种具有防污防水和抗菌功能的织物。
实施例3
本实施例提供的织物为聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯纤维织物。将织物浸渍于包含聚环氧乙烷、纳米银的水分散聚氨酯整理液中，其中的聚环氧乙烷包含至少一个羟基，聚氨酯含有低聚二甲基硅氧烷链段。经二浸二轧后，在真空度60×133.32Pz，温度170℃的条件下真空干燥处理3min，得到一种具有防污防水和抗菌功能的织物。
实施例4
本实施例提供的织物由60%的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维和40%棉纤维组成。将该织物浸渍在包含聚环氧乙烷、纳米氧化锌的水分散聚氨酯整理液中，其中，聚环氧乙烷包含至少一个羟基。二浸二轧后，在真空度60×133.32Pz，温度150℃的条件下真空干燥处理3min，得到一种具有防污防水和抗菌功能的织物。
实施例5
本实施例提供的织物由95%的聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯纤维和5%棉纤维组成。将该织物浸渍在包含聚环氧乙烷、纳米银的水分散聚氨酯整理液中，其中，聚环氧乙烷包含至少一个羟基。二浸二轧后，在真空度60×133.32Pz，温度150℃的条件下真空干燥处理3min，得到一种具有防污防水和抗菌功能的织物。
实施例6
本实施例提供的织物由95%的聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯纤维和5%棉纤维组成。将该织物浸渍在包含聚环氧乙烷、纳米二氧化钛的水分散聚氨酯整理液中，其中，聚环氧乙烷包含至少一个羟基，聚氨酯含有低聚二甲基硅氧烷链段。二浸二轧后，在真空度60×133.32Pz，温度150℃的条件下真空干燥处理3min，得到一种具有防污防水和抗菌功能的织物。
将本发明各实施例提供的样品进行沾污、防水和抗菌测试。
1、沾污测试
测定样品的防污性能的方法如下：在去离子水中溶解0.007%红色染料，用10%氨基磺酸水溶液调节溶液的pH至3.0，制备得到红色沾污液。将上述污液调至22℃，将5g溶液放在样品上面划定的直径为4cm的模板内2分钟。多余的沾污液用纤维素海绵从样品背面吸掉。让污渍在22℃空气中干燥14小时，然后在不搅动的条件下用冷水洗涤样品，直至洗涤用水保持干净为止。再将带污渍的样品在室温空气中干燥。
利用Minolta310ChromaMeterTM小型三色颜色分析仪测定样品的手沾污程度，用数字表示。颜色分析仪自动测定的红色污渍在红绿颜色坐标上相对于未受沾污和未处理过的样品为Δa，测量值保留至小数点后两位，代表3次测量的平均值。读数越大表明受红色染料沾污的量越大，读数一般在0（未受沾污）-50（严重沾污）之间。
按上述方法对本发明各实施例得到的样品进行沾污测试，其结果参见表1。
表1沾污测试结果
。
2、防水测试
纤维基材防水性的测定方法是让它们受到一系列测试流体的穿透，流体为去离子水和异丙醇的混合物。系列流体为具有不同表面张力的水性液体，用以测试纤维基材。测试分为12级，给每种流体分配一个分级数字，参见表2。
表2防水测试分级数字
。
在进行疏水测试时，将纤维基材样品放在平整的水平面上。将5滴测试流体轻轻地滴在样品上间隔至少2英寸的点上。在45o角上观察10秒钟后，如果5滴中还可以看到4滴，且呈球形或半球形，则判定纤维基材对于该测试流体通过了测试。报告的防水性等级对应于编号最大的测试流体，对于该流体，处理过的纤维样品通过了上述测试。就最高防水而言，这种等级越高越好。等级为“0”表示对任何流体都没有防水性，包括纯水。采用上述方法对本发明各实施例提供的样品进行防水测试，其结果参见表3。
表3防水测试结果
| 防水等级 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 实施例6 |
| 整理前 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 整理后 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 7 | 8 | 8 |
| 30次水洗 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
3、抗菌测试
对本发明各实施例提供的样品进行抗菌测试，其结果参见表4。
表4抗菌测试结果
| 抑菌率（%） | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 实施例6 |
| 大肠杆菌 | 99 | 98 | 98 | 95 | 99 | 99 |
| 金黄葡萄球菌 | 98 | 95 | 97 | 99 | 98 | 98 |
Claims (10)
1.一种防水防污抗菌功能织物的加工方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
a)提供包含一种或多种聚酯或与另一纤维或多种纤维组合混纺的一种或多种聚酯的织物；
b)施加包含聚环氧乙烷的聚氨酯水分散整理剂，所述聚环氧乙烷包含至少一个羟基；
c)施加具有抗菌性能的纳米材料；
d)在温度为130～170℃的真空条件下进行干燥处理，得到一种防水防污抗菌功能织物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水防污抗菌功能织物的加工方法，其特征在于：所述织物包含聚酯和棉。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水防污抗菌功能织物的加工方法，其特征在于：按重量计，所述织物包含5～100%的聚酯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水防污抗菌功能织物的加工方法，其特征在于：所述聚酯包含聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯和至少一种选自如下聚合物的双组份纤维：聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯，及它们的组合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水防污抗菌功能织物的加工方法，其特征在于：所述聚环氧乙烷包括含有一个羟基的单甲氧基聚环氧乙烷。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水防污抗菌功能织物的加工方法，其特征在于：所述聚氨酯含有低聚二甲基硅氧烷链段。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水防污抗菌功能织物的加工方法，其特征在于：所述的具有抗菌性能的纳米材料为纳米氧化锌、纳米二氧化钛、纳米银中的一种，或它们的组合。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水防污抗菌功能织物的加工方法，其特征在于：所述聚氨酯水分散整理剂的施加方法是揩涂、涂布、浸渍、浸涂、喷涂、刷涂和涂膜中的一种，或它们的组合。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水防污抗菌功能织物的加工方法，其特征在于：真空干燥度为（50～80）×133.32Pz。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水防污抗菌功能织物的加工方法，其特征在于：真空干燥时间为1～3min。
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