CN105731996B - 煤矸石页岩烧结空心砖 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种煤矸石页岩烧结空心砖，其特征在于，由以下重量的组分制成：工业废土10％、废弃石粉50％、煤矸石25％、磷钨酸钾3％、纤维素1.5％、活性炭1.5％、硅酸锆1.5％、石棉粉1.5％、海泡石粉1.5％、电气石粉1.5％、改性陶瓷粉3％。本发明可以节省原材料消耗，保证所成坯体的内在质量稳定；成型压力大，坯体强度高；利用煤矸石自身发热量燃烧，节省能源，减少污染；本发明工艺生产的煤矸石空心砖减轻建筑结构自重，改善建筑功能，具有良好的保温隔音。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及建材技术领域，具体涉及一种煤矸石页岩烧结空心砖。
背景技术
煤矸石作为我国排放量最大的工业固体废弃物之一。而且每年煤矸石的排放量相当于当年煤炭产量的10％左右。年排放速度将大于1.6亿吨。堆放煤矸石不仅占用大量土地，而且污染环境，影响人们的生活和健康。另外，煤矸石自燃能释放多种有害气体等，同时还伴生大量的烟尘和有爆炸危险性。因此煤矸石山自燃给周围的大气环境、人体健康、动植物生长等造成不同程度的影响。粉煤灰是我国当前排量较大的工业废渣之一，随着电力工业的发展，燃煤电厂的粉煤灰排放量逐年增加。大量的粉煤灰不加处理，就会产生扬尘，污染大气；若排入水系会造成河流淤塞，而其中的有毒化学物质还会对人体和生物造成危害。
在国家墙改政策的推动下，我国北方大部分产煤区普遍采用煤矸石为主要原料制砖。利用煤矸石烧砖，它既可作原料，又可以作燃料，这是一个既处理废料，又节约耕地，且节约燃料的一举三得的综合利用项目。作为煤矸石本身，它也是一种沉积页岩，其化学成分基本接近页岩，因为它邻近煤层生成，故含有一定量的碳成分，可供烧砖使用。我国南方地区缺少煤炭资源，没有煤矸石可取，但大部分地区具有丰富的页岩矿资源。页岩也是一种理想的制砖原料，页岩砖质地坚硬，色泽艳红，可做清水墙和装饰砖，深受用户青睐，已被我们制砖行业广泛采用。
煤矸石、粉煤灰、页岩生产的烧结空心砖质量好，抗压强度可达到空心砖标准以上，抗冻、耐磨、耐火、耐酸、耐碱等性能均较好。从未来建材市场看，利用煤矸石等矿渣生产新型环保建材产品由于其本身节能、轻质、保暖的特点，同时该产品能够消化大量的工业废料，节约耕地，减少污染，保护环境。
但是由于煤矸石、页岩等开采的部位与时间的不同，以及堆料的不均匀，都会造成原料成分波动大，所以就需要对原料进行一系列的处理以后再制成砖坯，可以改善产品质量，增加产量，降低成本。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种性能稳定，强度好的煤矸石页岩烧结空心砖。
本发明所要解决的技术问题采用以下技术方案来实现：
一种煤矸石页岩烧结空心砖，由以下重量的组分制成：工业废土10％、废弃石粉50％、煤矸石25％、磷钨酸钾3％、纤维素1.5％、活性炭1.5％、硅酸锆1.5％、石棉粉1.5％、海泡石粉1.5％、电气石粉1.5％、改性陶瓷粉3％；
上述空心砖的加工方法如下：
(1)粉碎：采用细碎颚式破碎机、锤式破碎或细碎对辊机对原料进行破碎，原料颗粒直径大小：大于1.5mm的9％，1.5-0.9mm的24％，0.9-0.3mm的46％，小于0.3mm的21％；
(2)混合搅拌：在破碎后的原料中加适量水搅拌均匀，经搅拌处理后的混合料含水率为13.5％；(注：以上数据以每500克为一个试样标准)。
(3)陈化：将搅拌后的原料输入陈化库陈化72-80小时；原料经过加工处理后的混合料的发热值在380KJ/g，原料塑性指数为8-9之间。
(4)成型：经过陈化后的原料送入双级真空挤砖机，并配合自动编组、自动码坯机械，挤出成型空心砖坯，挤出压力为100-150Pa；
(5)干燥：将成型的砖坯置入干燥窑进行干燥，经过干燥后的坯体含水率降到5％以下；
(6)焙烧：将干燥好的砖坯拉出直接置入焙烧窑进行焙烧，温度是1000-1100℃，焙烧时间为30-40分钟。
上述改性陶瓷粉的制备方法如下：
1)按1-3:1-5的重量比例称取微米Al2O3和纳米TiC粉末；
2)对已称取的Al2O3和TiC粉料以无水乙醇为分散介质，其中粉料与乙醇的质量比为1：30，在超声清洗机上超声分散1小时；
3)把经超声分散的混合料放入尼龙球磨罐中，以玛瑙球为磨球，球料质量比为7：1，在转速为150转/分的条件下，在行星式球磨机中连续球磨2小时；
4)将球磨完毕的粉料连同玛瑙磨球一起倒入粉料盘中，在80℃下烘干；
5)把烘干的粉料过筛，取出玛瑙磨球，然后将混合粉研磨，直至无较大团聚为止，至此，改性陶瓷粉的制备完毕。该陶瓷粉制备的陶瓷具有弹性模量大、不易变形、热稳定性好、物理化学性能稳定。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明可以节省原材料消耗，保证所成坯体的内在质量稳定；成型压力大，坯体强度高；利用煤矸石自身发热量燃烧，节省能源，减少污染；本发明工艺生产的的煤矸石空心砖减轻建筑结构自重，改善建筑功能，具有良好的保温隔音。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。
一种煤矸石页岩烧结空心砖，由以下重量的组分制成：工业废土10％、废弃石粉50％、煤矸石25％、磷钨酸钾3％、纤维素1.5％、活性炭1.5％、硅酸锆1.5％、石棉粉1.5％、海泡石粉1.5％、电气石粉1.5％、改性陶瓷粉3％；
上述空心砖的加工方法如下：
(1)粉碎：采用细碎颚式破碎机、锤式破碎或细碎对辊机对原料进行破碎，原料颗粒直径大小：大于1.5mm的9％，1.5-0.9mm的24％，0.9-0.3mm的46％，小于0.3mm的21％；
(2)混合搅拌：在破碎后的原料中加适量水搅拌均匀，经搅拌处理后的混合料含水率为13.5％；(注：以上数据以每500克为一个试样标准)。
(3)陈化：将搅拌后的原料输入陈化库陈化72-80小时；原料经过加工处理后的混合料的发热值在380KJ/g，原料塑性指数为8-9之间。
(4)成型：经过陈化后的原料送入双级真空挤砖机，并配合自动编组、自动码坯机械，挤出成型空心砖坯，挤出压力为100-150Pa；
(5)干燥：将成型的砖坯置入干燥窑进行干燥，经过干燥后的坯体含水率降到5％以下；
(6)焙烧：将干燥好的砖坯拉出直接置入焙烧窑进行焙烧，温度是1000-1100℃，焙烧时间为30-40分钟。
上述改性陶瓷粉的制备方法如下：
1)按1-3:1-5的重量比例称取微米Al2O3和纳米TiC粉末；
2)对已称取的Al2O3和TiC粉料以无水乙醇为分散介质，其中粉料与乙醇的质量比为1：30，在超声清洗机上超声分散1小时；
3)把经超声分散的混合料放入尼龙球磨罐中，以玛瑙球为磨球，球料质量比为7：1，在转速为150转/分的条件下，在行星式球磨机中连续球磨2小时；
4)将球磨完毕的粉料连同玛瑙磨球一起倒入粉料盘中，在80℃下烘干；
5)把烘干的粉料过筛，取出玛瑙磨球，然后将混合粉研磨，直至无较大团聚为止，至此，改性陶瓷粉的制备完毕。该陶瓷粉制备的陶瓷具有弹性模量大、不易变形、热稳定性好、物理化学性能稳定。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (2)
1.一种煤矸石烧结空心砖，其特征在于，由以下重量的组分制成：工业废土10％、废弃石粉50％、煤矸石25％、磷钨酸钾3％、纤维素1.5％、活性炭1.5％、硅酸锆1.5％、石棉粉1.5％、海泡石粉1.5％、电气石粉1.5％、改性陶瓷粉3％；
上述改性陶瓷粉的制备方法如下：
1)按1-3:1-5的重量比例称取微米Al2O3和纳米TiC粉末；
2)对已称取的Al2O3和TiC粉料以无水乙醇为分散介质，其中粉料与乙醇的质量比为1：30，在超声清洗机上超声分散1小时；
3)把经超声分散的混合料放入尼龙球磨罐中，以玛瑙球为磨球，球料质量比为7：1，在转速为150转/分的条件下，在行星式球磨机中连续球磨2小时；
4)将球磨完毕的粉料连同玛瑙磨球一起倒入粉料盘中，在80℃下烘干；
5)把烘干的粉料过筛，取出玛瑙磨球，然后将混合粉研磨，直至无较大团聚为止，至此，改性陶瓷粉的制备完毕。
2.一种权利要求1所述空心砖的加工方法，其特征在于，步骤如下：
(1)粉碎：采用细碎颚式破碎机、锤式破碎或细碎对辊机对上述原料进行破碎；
(2)混合搅拌：在破碎后的原料中加适量水搅拌均匀，经搅拌处理后的混合料含水率为13.5％；
(3)陈化：将搅拌后的原料输入陈化库陈化72-80小时；
(4)成型：经过陈化后的原料送入双级真空挤砖机，并配合自动编组、自动码坯机械，挤出成型空心砖坯，挤出压力为100-150Pa；
(5)干燥：将成型的砖坯置入干燥窑进行干燥，经过干燥后的坯体含水率降到5％以下；
(6)焙烧：将干燥好的砖坯拉出直接置入焙烧窑进行焙烧，温度是1000-1100℃，焙烧时间为30-40分钟。
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