CN105719623B

CN105719623B - Novel improved Qiang flute

Info

Publication number: CN105719623B
Application number: CN201610267755.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张跃; 汪俊胜; 张仁良; 伍明实
Original assignee: Sichuan Provincial Academy Of Arts
Current assignee: Sichuan Provincial Academy Of Arts
Priority date: 2016-04-27
Filing date: 2016-04-27
Publication date: 2023-03-24
Anticipated expiration: 2036-04-27
Also published as: CN105719623A

Abstract

The invention discloses a newly-created and improved flute, which comprises a reed pipe and a flute pipe connected to one end of the reed pipe, wherein a reed is further arranged on the reed pipe, a plurality of flute holes are further formed in the flute pipe, the reed is one part of the wall of the reed pipe, the wall thickness of the reed pipe in the area where the reed is located is smaller than that of the other parts of the reed pipe, the length direction of the reed is along the length direction of the reed pipe, and the vibration resistance of one end, close to the free end of the reed pipe, of the reed is larger than that of the other end of the reed pipe. The Qiang flute that this structure provided, performer's control intonation convenience in the performance process to can exert oral cavity control skill comparatively freely, play the garland tongue, gnaw sound, smooth sound, garrulous sound etc. promptly this structure can effectively expand the expressive force of musical instrument, compatible traditional national wind instrument performance technique.

Description

Novel improved Qiang flute

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of traditional musical instruments in China, in particular to a novel improved Qiang flute.

Background

Qiangdi is an ancient single-spring Qiming musical instrument in China, has been for over 2000 years old, and is popular in the places where Qiang of the Qiang autonomous Zhou nationality of the Arab Kangqiang in northern Sichuan. The Qiang flute generally comprises two single pipes, each of which is provided with a plurality of pipe holes (five holes are formed in the past, and most of the six holes are formed in the past), is made of oil bamboos growing on local mountains, and has long bamboo joints and thin pipe bodies which grow in places with the altitude of 3500-4000 meters. The double tubes are connected side by winding with a wire. The whole length of the whole life is 13-19 cm, the diameter of the pipe orifice is about 2 cm, and the upper end of the flute pipe is provided with a bamboo blowing nozzle with the length of 4 cm. The front face of the mouthpiece was cut flat with a knife, and a thin piece was cut with a knife at about 3 cm from the upper end as a reed.

The Qiang flute is mainly used for solo, more than 10 ancient song cards exist, the content of music is quite wide, and the Qiang flute mainly conveys the thought of Qiang people to the past. The Qiang flute is also called as Qiang tube, and blows when it is vertical, the two tubes emit the same pitch, the tone is crisp and high, and the Qiang flute has a feeling of sorrow, the Qiang flute and the Hu Liu complain about the root of the poplar, and the Chongfeng Yumen is the best picture of the expression, so the Qiang flute is most suitable for solo and can also be accompanied by singing.

In 2006, the playing and manufacturing technologies of the Qiang flute are listed in the first national non-material cultural heritage directory, so that the improvement and innovation work of the Qiang flute which is a national traditional musical instrument is a beneficial way to inherit the excellent national artistic tradition, propagation and propagation of national culture.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problem that the improvement and innovation work of the Qiang flute, which is a national traditional musical instrument, is beneficial to inheriting excellent national art tradition, spreading and propagating national culture, the invention provides a novel and improved Qiang flute.

The new and improved Qiang flute provided by the invention solves the problems through the following technical key points: the newly-created improvement qiang flute includes the reed pipe and connects in the reed pipe of reed pipe one end, still be provided with the reed on the reed pipe, still be provided with a plurality of flute holes on the reed pipe, the reed is a part of reed pipe wall, and the regional reed pipe wall thickness in reed place is less than other partial wall thicknesses of reed pipe, the length direction of reed is along the length direction of reed pipe, and the vibration resistance that the reed is close to the one end of reed pipe free end is greater than the vibration resistance of the reed other end.

The Qiang flute is a single-spring air-sounding instrument, the reed is arranged on a reed pipe which is a bamboo tube, a part of the outer layer of the pipe wall of the reed pipe in the corresponding area is removed, and the obtained pipe wall of the reed pipe with the thinner thickness is the reed. In the prior art, the reed of the Qiang flute is opened downwards, one end with smaller vibration resistance is positioned at the front part of the reed pipe, namely one end facing the blowing nozzle, so that a player needs to use the mouth to deeply contain the reed pipe when the Qiang flute is played, and the bamboo pipe deeply embedded into the oral cavity generates larger limitations on air transportation, tongue position change, muscle control and the like, for example, the bamboo pipe can only be completed by the vibration of throat airflow when the Traver is played, so that a plurality of wonderful playing skills of reed instruments in China folk cannot be played on the traditional Qiang flute.

In this structure, be greater than the vibration resistance of the reed other end through setting up to the vibration resistance that the reed is close to the one end of reed pipe free end, be about to original opening reed down set up the opening up, the player only need contain the reed pipe with the mouth is shallow, this has just left comparatively abundant space for the oral cavity, so expanded the space that the reed instrument played the technique performance greatly, play techniques such as two are told, three are told and the flower tongue, all can easily accomplish on the qiang flute that this structure provided. The structure facilitates the performer to control the accuracy of sound in the performance process, so that oral cavity control skills such as playing of a garlands, sound gnawing, sound sliding, sound breaking and the like can be freely exerted, namely the structure can effectively expand the expressive force of the musical instrument and is compatible with the traditional national wind instrument playing technology.

The further technical scheme is as follows:

as a specific implementation form of the reed, the reed is formed by a notch arranged on the outer wall surface of the reed pipe, the notch enables the wall thickness of a cut area of the reed pipe to be thin, the gradient of a cutting surface of the notch, which is obtained on one side close to the free end of the reed pipe, is larger than the gradient of the cutting surface of the notch, which is obtained on one side close to the flute pipe, and the thickness of the reed linearly increases from the free end of the reed pipe to the connecting end of the reed pipe along the length direction of the reed pipe.

As a further realization of the spring, the cut-out results in two cut-out faces on the spring tube. In the implementation form, the reed can be manufactured conveniently and efficiently by cutting a deep notch at one end of the opening of the reed pipe and then cutting the second cutting surface at the other end of the reed pipe.

In the prior art, the Qiang flute generally comprises 5 or 6 flute holes, so that five tones or seven tones can be played, and the number of the flute holes on the flute is at least 8 in order to expand the effective range of the Qiang flute. Therefore, if the number of the flute holes is set to be 8, the number of the ranges of the Qiang flute is increased to 11, and the purpose of expanding the effective ranges of the Qiang flute is achieved. As a person skilled in the art, the above flute holes may be set to 10 or other numbers, and the 10 flute holes may add two semitones to the range, but the 10 flute holes may cause unstable sounding, so that it is preferable to set the number of flute holes on the flute pipe to 8 in consideration of the conventional Qiang flute playing skill and operability.

In order to facilitate a player to control the flutes, the number of the flutes is 8, and one of the 8 flutes is located on the front side of the flute, and the other flute is located on the rear side of the flute.

In order to enable a player to conveniently control one of the flute holes through the thumb and control other flute holes through other fingers, seven flute holes are arranged on the front side of the flute pipe, and one flute hole is arranged on the rear side of the flute pipe.

In the process of making the Qiang flute, a needle-shaped cone is generally adopted to pierce the bamboo joint to obtain a through hole with the inner diameter equal to or approximately equal to the inner diameter of the bamboo tube at the bamboo joint, which is different from the modern wind instruments. In order to facilitate the playing convenience and the sound quality of the Qiang flute, the distance between adjacent flute holes on the front side of the flute pipe is preferably set to be 1.8-2.9 cm, and the distances between each pair of adjacent flute holes are not completely equal.

When seven flutes are positioned on the front side of the flute and one flute is positioned on the rear side of the flute, the flute positioned on the rear side is arranged between the first flute and the second flute near the mouthpiece in order to facilitate the operation of the players on the flutes. Specifically, the distance between the flute hole located at the rear side and the first flute hole is 0.5 cm. As a further technical scheme, for the convenience of playing, the distance between the first flute hole and one end, close to the mouthpiece, of the flute pipe is 3 cm.

In the playing process of the flute, factors such as temperature change of the oral cavity of a player, environmental temperature change and the like influence the reed, and the temperature change is inevitable, so that the flute has the problem that the pitch is gradually reduced without being forced, and the scheme further comprises a spring root winding wire wound on the reed pipe, wherein the spring root winding wire is in contact with the reed, the position of the spring root winding wire relative to the reed and the width of the spring root winding wire covering the reed are adjustable, and the spring root winding wire is used for changing the vibration resistance or/and the effective vibration length of the reed. The spring pipe winding is a flexible wire wound on the spring pipe, and the spring root winding can be used for conveniently adjusting the tone level in the process of changing the vibration resistance or/and the effective vibration length of the reed.

In order to avoid the intonation change of the flute caused by the fact that the reed root twine slides on the reed pipe under the non-artificial initiative condition, the novel reed root twisting machine further comprises concave-convex fine lines arranged on the reed pipe and/or rope grooves located in the circumferential direction of the reed pipe, and the concave-convex fine lines and/or the rope grooves are used for increasing the resistance of the reed root twine to slide along the length direction of the reed pipe.

As a double-tube Qiang flute structure, the Qiang flute has a richer music expression form under the condition that the performance habit of a Qiang flute player is met, a reed pipe and a flute pipe form a single pipe, the Qiang flute comprises two single pipes, the two single pipes are parallel to each other, the two single pipes are fixed to each other through pipe ropes, and the two ends of the two single pipes are provided with the pipe ropes.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

through setting up the vibration resistance that is greater than the reed other end for the reed is close to the one end of reed pipe free end, be about to original opening reed down set up to the opening up, the player only need contain the reed with the mouth shallowly, this has just left comparatively abundant space for the oral cavity, so expanded the space that the reed instrument played the trick performance greatly, play trick such as two vomits, three vomits and flower tongue, all can easily accomplish on the qiang flute that this structure provided. The structure facilitates the performer to control the accuracy of sound in the performance process, so that oral cavity control skills such as playing of a garlands, sound gnawing, sound sliding, sound breaking and the like can be freely exerted, namely the structure can effectively expand the expressive force of the musical instrument and is compatible with the traditional national wind instrument playing technology.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a front view of an embodiment of the new and improved flute of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a partial broken view of the reed pipe side of an embodiment of the new and improved flute of the present invention.

The numbering in the figure is as follows: 1. reed pipe, 2 reed, 3 reed root kinking, 4 pipe rope, 5 flute pipe, 6 flute hole, 7 notch.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the structure of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

Example 1:

as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the newly created and improved flute comprises a reed pipe 1 and a flute pipe 5 connected to one end of the reed pipe 1, wherein a reed 2 is further arranged on the reed pipe 1, a plurality of flute holes 6 are further arranged on the flute pipe 5, the reed 2 is a part of the pipe wall of the reed pipe 1, the wall thickness of the reed pipe 1 in the area where the reed 2 is located is smaller than the wall thickness of other parts of the reed pipe 1, the length direction of the reed 2 is along the length direction of the reed pipe 1, and the vibration resistance of one end, close to the free end of the reed pipe 1, of the reed 2 is larger than the vibration resistance of the other end of the reed pipe 2.

The Qiang flute is a single-spring air-sounding instrument, the reed 2 is arranged on the reed pipe 1 which is a bamboo tube, a part of the outer layer of the pipe wall of the reed pipe 1 in the corresponding area is removed, and the obtained pipe wall of the reed pipe 1 with a thinner thickness is the reed 2. In the prior art, the reed 2 of the Qiang flute is opened downwards, the end with smaller vibration resistance is positioned at the front part of the reed pipe 1, namely the end facing the blowing nozzle, so that a player needs to use the reed pipe 1 with deep mouth when the Qiang flute is played, and the bamboo pipe deeply embedded into the oral cavity generates larger limits on air transportation, tongue position change, muscle control and the like, for example, the bamboo pipe can only be finished by the vibration of throat airflow when the Traver is played, so that a plurality of wonderful playing skills of China folk reed pipe 1 musical instruments cannot be developed on the traditional Qiang flute.

In this structure, be greater than the vibration resistance of the reed 2 other end through setting up to the vibration resistance that reed 2 is close to the one end of 1 free end of reed pipe, be about to original opening reed 2 down set up to the opening up, the player only need contain reed pipe 1 with the mouth is shallow, this has just left comparatively abundant space for the oral cavity, so expanded the space that 1 musical instrument of reed pipe played the technique performance greatly, play the technique such as two vomiting, three are told and the flower tongue, all can easily accomplish on the qiang flute that this structure provided. The structure facilitates the performer to control the accuracy of sound in the performance process, so that oral cavity control skills such as playing of a garlands, sound gnawing, sound sliding, sound breaking and the like can be freely exerted, namely the structure can effectively expand the expressive force of the musical instrument and is compatible with the traditional national wind instrument playing technology.

Example 2:

as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the present embodiment is further defined on the basis of embodiment 1: as a specific implementation form of the reed 2, the reed 2 is formed by a notch 7 opened on the outer wall surface of the reed pipe 1, the notch 7 makes the wall thickness of the cut area of the reed pipe 1 thinner, the cutting surface gradient of the notch 7 obtained on the side close to the free end of the reed pipe 1 is larger than the cutting surface gradient of the notch 7 obtained on the side close to the reed pipe 5, and the thickness of the reed 2 linearly increases from the free end of the reed pipe 1 to the connecting end of the reed pipe 1 along the length direction of the reed pipe 1.

As a further embodiment of the spring leaf 2, the cut-out 7 results in two cut surfaces on the spring tube 1. In the realization form, the reed 2 can be manufactured conveniently and efficiently by cutting a deep cut 7 at one end of the opening of the reed pipe 1 and then cutting a second cutting surface at the other end of the reed pipe 1.

Example 3:

in this embodiment, the present disclosure is further limited based on embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, in the prior art, a flute pipe 5 generally includes 6 flutes 6, and in order to expand an effective range of the flute, the number of the flutes 6 on the flute pipe 5 is 8.

To facilitate player control of the flutes 6,8 flutes 6, some of the flutes 6 are located on the front side of the flute 5 and some of the flutes 6 are located on the rear side of the flute 5.

In order to make the player conveniently control one of the flute holes 6 by the thumb and the other flute holes 6 by other fingers, seven flute holes 6 are positioned on the front side of the flute pipe 5, and one flute hole 6 is positioned on the rear side of the flute pipe 5.

Example 4:

the embodiment further limits the scheme on the basis of the embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, during the playing process of the flute, the temperature change of the oral cavity of the player, the ambient temperature change and other factors influence the occurrence of the reed 2, and the temperature change is inevitable, so that the flute has the problem of difficulty in gradually reducing the pitch without being forced, and therefore, the scheme further comprises a reed root winding wire 3 wound on the reed pipe 1, wherein the reed root winding wire 3 is in contact with the reed 2, the position of the reed root winding wire 3 relative to the reed 2 and the width of the reed root winding wire 3 covering the reed 2 are adjustable, and the reed root winding wire 3 is used for changing the vibration resistance or/and the effective vibration length of the reed 2. The winding of the reed pipe 1 is a flexible wire wound on the reed pipe 1, and the winding of the reed root 3 can be used for conveniently adjusting the sound level in the process of changing the vibration resistance or/and the effective vibration length of the reed 2.

In order to avoid the fact that the intonation of the flute changes due to the fact that the reed root kinks 3 slide on the reed pipe 1 under the non-artificial initiative condition, the novel reed root kinks further comprise concave-convex fine grains arranged on the reed pipe 1 and/or rope grooves located in the circumferential direction of the reed pipe 1, and the concave-convex fine grains and/or the rope grooves are used for increasing the resistance of the reed root kinks 3 to slide along the length direction of the reed pipe 1.

Example 5:

the present embodiment further defines the present application on the basis of any one of the technical solutions provided in any one of the above embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, as a dual-tube qiang flute structure, so that the qiang flute has richer music expression forms under the condition of meeting the playing habits of the qiang flute players, a reed tube 1 and a flute tube 5 form a single tube, the qiang flute includes two single tubes, the two single tubes are parallel to each other, the two single tubes are fixed to each other through a tube rope 4, and the two ends of the two single tubes are respectively provided with a tube rope 4.

The foregoing is a more detailed description of the present invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments thereof, and it is not intended that the specific embodiments of the present invention be limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, other embodiments that do not depart from the gist of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The newly-created and improved Qiang flute comprises a reed pipe (1) and a flute pipe (5) connected to one end of the reed pipe (1), wherein a reed (2) is further arranged on the reed pipe (1), a plurality of flute holes (6) are further formed in the flute pipe (5), the reed (2) is a part of the pipe wall of the reed pipe (1), and the wall thickness of the reed pipe (1) in the area where the reed (2) is located is smaller than that of other parts of the reed pipe (1), and the newly-created and improved Qiang flute is characterized in that the length direction of the reed (2) is along the length direction of the reed pipe (1), and the vibration resistance of one end, close to the free end of the reed pipe (1), of the reed (2) is larger than that of the other end of the reed pipe (2);

the reed (2) is formed by a notch (7) arranged on the outer wall surface of the reed pipe (1), the notch (7) enables the wall thickness of a cut area of the reed pipe (1) to be thin, the gradient of a cutting surface of the notch (7) obtained on one side close to the free end of the reed pipe (1) is larger than the gradient of a cutting surface of the notch (7) obtained on one side close to the reed pipe (5), and the thickness of the reed (2) is linearly increased from the free end of the reed pipe (1) to the connecting end of the reed pipe (1) along the length direction of the reed pipe (1); the number of the flute holes (6) on the flute pipe (5) is at least 8.

2. The innovative improved flute according to claim 1, characterised in that said cut (7) results in two cut faces on the reed pipe (1).

3. The new and improved flute according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of said flutes (6) is 8, among 8 flutes (6), one part of flutes (6) being located at the front side of the flute (5) and the other part of flutes (6) being located at the rear side of the flute (5).

4. The new and improved flute according to claim 3, characterised in that seven flutes (6) are located on the front side of the flute tube (5) and one flute (6) is located on the rear side of the flute tube (5).

5. The innovative modified flute according to claim 1, characterised in that it also comprises a spring root cord (3) wound on the reed pipe (1), said spring root cord (3) being in contact with said reed (2), and the position of said spring root cord (3) with respect to the reed (2), the width of the spring root cord (3) covering the reed (2) being adjustable, said spring root cord (3) being used to vary the vibration resistance or/and the effective vibration length of the reed (2).

6. The innovative and improved flute according to claim 5, characterized in that it also comprises concave-convex lines and/or grooves arranged on the reed pipe (1) in the circumferential direction of the reed pipe (1), said concave-convex lines and/or grooves being used to increase the resistance of the reed root twine (3) to slide along the length direction of the reed pipe (1).

7. The innovative improved flute according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a reed pipe (1) and a flute pipe (5) form a single pipe, the flute comprises two single pipes, the two single pipes are parallel to each other, and the two single pipes are fixed to each other by pipe ropes (4), and the pipe ropes (4) are arranged at both ends of the two single pipes.