CN105714773A - Foundation treatment method - Google Patents
Foundation treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105714773A CN105714773A CN201610116424.3A CN201610116424A CN105714773A CN 105714773 A CN105714773 A CN 105714773A CN 201610116424 A CN201610116424 A CN 201610116424A CN 105714773 A CN105714773 A CN 105714773A
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- steel pipe
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
- E02D5/38—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds
- E02D5/44—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds with enlarged footing or enlargements at the bottom of the pile
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- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a foundation treatment method which is convenient to construct and capable of treating a deep foundation exceeding 15m. The foundation treatment method concretely comprises the following steps of (1) simultaneously sinking a pipe, namely sinking a steel pipe and a pile tip supporting against the lower end surface of the steel pipe under the ground by using a vibratory pile driver and extractor, enabling the lower end surface of the steel pipe to reach up to the designed elevation, and sealing the lower end of the steel pipe by the pile tip; (2) placing a grouting pipe into the steel pipe, and enabling the bottom of the grouting pipe to reach to the pile tip; (3) manufacturing an expanded head; (4) further filling the steel pipe with pure soil and/or construction wastes, and tamping; (5) repeating the step (4) until the pure soil and/or the construction wastes reach to the top of the steel pipe and are compacted; (6) grouting, namely injecting cement slurry into the expanded head and the steel pipe through the grouting pipe, and upwards lifting the grouting pipe while grouting until the whole steel pipe is full of the cement slurry; (7) removing the steel pipe after ending grouting to form a support pile; and (8) paving a mattress layer at the top of the support pile.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of processing method that can be used for deep foundation base.
Background technology
Basement process, especially the method that deep foundation base processes is a lot, currently mainly have, soil and the method for processing foundation such as lime soil pile compacting method, CFG and deep-mixed pile, and the carrier pile method derived by above-mentioned method for processing foundation and ram method for processing foundation such as expanding rubbish stake method.
Wherein, soil and the lime soil pile compacting method foundation reinforcement method mainly for the treatment of collapsible loess more than level of ground water, plain fill and miscellaneous fill etc., it is have between stake compacted soil and fill out the composite foundation that the stake of rammer collectively constitutes, when the settlement by soaking to eliminate ground is for main purpose, native stake should be adopted；When the bearing capacity to improve ground or water stability are for main purpose, should selecting lime soil pile, one is 5～15 meters to process the degree of depth.
When the water content of foundation soil more than 23% and saturation more than 0.65 time, owing to hole quality is bad, easy necking down after tube drawing, and easily damaging closing on the pile body backfilled when breaking pipe, not easily adopt soil and lime soil pile compacting method.
CFG, it it is a kind of pile body with some strength made after mixing appropriate aggregate chips, flyash and the stirring of a small amount of cement plus water on the basis of broken stone pile, its aggregate is still rubble, be suitable for the process of sand, silt, loose fill, silty clay, clay and silt clay etc., reinforcement depth one at 6～12 meters.
Deep mixing method is to utilize cement or cement mortar as firming agent, by special Mixing Machine, in ground depths on the spot by weak soil and firming agent action of forced stirring, produced series of physical-chemical reaction between firming agent and weak soil again, make weak soil harden into and there is globality, the high-quality ground of water stability and some strength, thus improving the intensity of ground and increasing deformation modulus, it it is a kind of new method for reinforcing saturated cohesive soil ground, it is used in process mud, muck soil, silt and water content is higher and the ground such as the foundation bearing capacity standard value cohesive soil being not more than 120kPa, ultra-soft soil effect is more notable.
But, it is the equipment adopting stirring-head integrated with feed pipe for mortar during deep mixing method construction, when cohesive force is strong when between clay particle, not easily stirs, whipping process is easily generated embrace and bores；Additionally when soil property is prone to stir, grout phenomenon but easily occurs.The frame that current deep-mixing pile driver is conventional has three kinds of forms: tower-type, masts type and walking, tower-type and mast type structure are simple, be prone to processing, apply more, but it is set up and difficulty in walking, the mechanization degree of walking is high, tower height is big, and drilling depth is big, but machinery expenses is higher.
Carrier pile method is a kind of brand-new construction technology, and it changes traditional dealing with foundation idea, select that lower layer position is stable, the good soil layer of soil nature as being reinforced soil layer, with pile-end soil body for object of study.The bearing capacity of common stake is mainly derived from the side friction of stake, and the bearing capacity of carrier pile is essentially from carrier, carrier carries out freely falling body compacting with 3.5 tons of weights liftings 6 meters again by repeatedly inserting building waste, by control indexes degree of compactions such as penetrations, ram again subsequently and fill out a certain amount of dry concrete, thus forming the carrier that dry concrete, inserts and solid soil are formed from inside to outside, pile-end soil body is made to obtain the closely knit of optimum, upper load is effectively passed to following bearing stratum, reaches to improve the purpose of bearing capacity.
Ramming enlarging building refuse stake method is extended to by broken stone pile, is after weight being hung certain altitude with crane, free-falling, for several times impact holing, and layering is inserted waste material rear screed and expanded pile, and rammer expands rubbish stake and is suitable for the shallow foundation of process about 4～8m.
These method for processing foundation above-mentioned are in different basement process, it is respectively provided with respective advantage, but it has a common shortcoming, it is exactly that these method for processing foundation are in work progress, the material of pile body all can spread in soil, and the diameter of pile body is wayward, and the bearing capacity between each pile body differs greatly, this make these method for processing foundation the maximum process degree of depth one all control within 15 meters, the deep basement process more than 15 meters be there is no cost-effective processing method at present.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the present invention proposes a kind of method for processing foundation, and the method is first to sink to steel pipe in ground, then in steel pipe, insert element soil and/or building waste, finally inject cement mortar, form a kind of support pile, the method easy construction, can be used for processing the deep ground more than 15 meters.
The concrete steps of the present invention include:
(1) immersed tube: adopt vibratory pile drive and extractor that together with being resisted against the pile top of steel pipe lower surface, steel pipe is sunk to underground, makes steel pipe lower surface arrive designed elevation, and the lower end of steel pipe is formed and closes by pile top；Vibratory pile drive and extractor preferentially adopts hydraulic vibration extracting-driving pile machine；In the prior art, the use of pile top is very general, it is possible to meets the needs of the application, repeats no more；
(2) placing Grouting Pipe in steel pipe, the bottom of Grouting Pipe arrives pile top；
(3) enlarged footing is made: in steel pipe, insert element soil and/or building waste, compaction rod is put into steel pipe and is pressed on element soil, with the holder compaction rod of above-mentioned vibratory pile drive and extractor, element soil and/or building waste are vibrated, improve the degree of compaction of element soil and/or building waste, and making pile top disengaging steel pipe lower surface move down, part element soil and/or building waste overflow from steel pipe lower end and at steel pipe lower end formation enlarged footing；
(4) continue in steel pipe, insert element soil and/or building waste, and tamp；
(5) step (4) is repeated until element soil and/or building waste arrive steel pipe top and closely knit；
(6) slip casting, carries out injecting cement mortar in enlarged footing and steel pipe by Grouting Pipe, and Grouting Pipe is upwards promoted on marginal not slurry limit, until whole steel pipe is filled with cement mortar；
(7) steel pipe is pulled out in slip casting after terminating, and forms support pile；
(8) mattress layer is laid at the top of support pile；
Described compaction rod is the shaped steel that the steel pipe of lower end closed or lower end are provided with horizontal plate, and shaped steel can adopt the section steel manufactures such as round steel, channel-section steel, angle steel.The Main Function of compaction rod is to stretch in steel pipe, by transmitting the vibration force of vibratory pile drive and extractor, element soil and/or building waste is extruded, to improve the degree of compaction of element soil and/or building waste.
Vibratory pile drive and extractor preferentially adopts hydraulic vibration extracting-driving pile machine.
Insert element soil every time and/or the highly preferred of building waste is 1～2 meter.
Immersed tube device therefor adopts vibratory pile drive and extractor, vibratory pile drive and extractor has electrodynamic type and the big class of fluid pressure type two, preferably employ hydraulic vibration extracting-driving pile machine in this application, owing to the overall dimensions of the hydraulic vibration driver of hydraulic vibration extracting-driving pile machine is little, lightweight, when exciting force is similar, the weight of hydraulic vibration driver one only have the half of electrodynamic type vibration hammer weight, there is higher Oscillation Amplitude, immersed tube is effective.Hydraulic vibration extracting-driving pile machine can change the frequency of vibration of hydraulic vibration driver easily, with the geological conditions according to different grounds, adopts different frequency of vibration to reach the immersed tube effect of the best；Adopt the closely knit and tube drawing etc. that same equipment can complete immersed tube, element soil and/or building waste all to work, improve utilization rate of equipment and installations and efficiency of construction.
The frequency of the hydraulic vibration driver of hydraulic vibration extracting-driving pile machine can be adjusted, and can obtain required degree of compaction by adjusting the frequency of hydraulic vibration driver, and can ensure that the degree of compaction up and down of pile body is consistent.
In this application, building waste can be inserted in steel pipe, insert the building waste in steel pipe and must not contain organic impurities, the waste material of produced cement block, crushed stone, fragment of brick, rubble and waste mortar etc when building or structures only can be used to remove, must not comprise the waste materials such as asphalt blocks, waste plastics, old metal and useless bamboo wood.Adopt building waste not only can reduce engineering cost, also can consume substantial amounts of building waste, and the environmental protection treatment for these building wastes is made that contribution.
The diameter of enlarged footing is preferably 1.5～3 times of diameter of steel tube, to ensure that enlarged footing can provide effective resistance to plucking effect.
Further, the ratio of mud of cement mortar is 0.6～1.2；In slip casting process, grouting pressure is 0.4MPa～0.6MPa, and flow rate of grouting is 50L/min～70L/min.This grouting process can ensure that pile body has enough intensity, it is not necessary to pursues high grouting pressure.
Steel pipe is sunk to underground by the present invention together with the pile top with sealing process, soil in ground will not enter in steel pipe, hole in the middle of steel pipe becomes stake holes, the original soil body in stake holes position is forced lateral compression, make a range of soil layer degree of compaction raising of stake week, in adjacent stake holes compacted district, the compacted effect of intersection is overlapped mutually, and the more little Overlay of pilespacing is more obvious.
The stake holes formed by the soil body self in prior art, when in foundation soil water content more than 23% and saturation more than 0.65 time, hole quality is bad, stake holes necking easily occurs after tube drawing, this makes the length of pile body be restricted, its treatable ground degree of depth be also controlled in the scope of 15 meters；And when ground is softer, in pile body work progress, the material inserted in stake holes is prone in the soil body around stake holes to spread, make the phenomenons such as pile body generation oxygen blast cyanidation even pile body dislocation, reduce the intensity of pile body, and the concordance also making strength of the mixing pile is poor simultaneously；Adopt the support pile that the present invention makes, owing to most work is to carry out in steel pipe, less by the water content of ground and the impact of water saturation degree, pile body is served constraint effect by steel pipe simultaneously, the material inserting in stake holes can be prevented to be squeezed in the soil body of surrounding on the one hand, can ensure when slip casting on the other hand, high-pressure slip-casting can be adopted, cement mortar is made to be evenly distributed in the middle of material, the intensity making pile body is guaranteed, also improve the concordance of strength of the mixing pile, after filling cement mortar in pile body, make pile body be provided with certain ability resisting subsoil water.
The method for processing foundation of the present invention is without digging up and filling in, excavation and the workload of the element earthwork are saved, due to the restriction do not excavated and backfill, simultaneously because subside without stake holes, make the process degree of depth up to 20 meters, more native and lime-soil compaction pile method has deeper of foundation treatment depth, inserts the genus of the material in steel pipe and gathers materials on the spot, reduces operating expenses.
Adopt steel pipe as stake holes, it is to avoid the surrounding soil body impact on work progress, in theory not by the impact of ground soil property, be particularly suited for processing the grounds such as loosening sand, silt, silty clay, plain fill, miscellaneous fill and saturated clay.
Support pile made by the present invention is substantially a kind of low intensive concrete-pile, can make full use of the bearing capacity of inter-pile soil, combined effect, transfers loads in deep foundation base, has good technical performance and economic effect.
The pile body settlement amount of the support pile made by the present invention is little, when pile body drops on relatively on hard stratum, can more strictly control settlement of foundation, be controlled within 7mm by settlement of foundation.
Making in the lower end of support pile and have enlarged footing, to strengthen the soil layer holding power to pile body, simultaneously enlarged footing can provide bigger resistance to plucking resistance for pile body, and when especially ground middle water level is higher, enlarged footing also makes pile body have certain anti-floating ability.
In the application, main construction equipment vibratory pile drive and extractor, it does not have other large-scale construction equipment, it is convenient to construction, it is ensured that the efficiency of construction.
After the making completing pile body, extracting steel pipe, recycling, to reduce the expense of basement process.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of a kind of embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram of compaction rod.
Fig. 3 is the top view of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is that compaction rod is positioned at steel pipe, and element soil carries out the sketch of compacting.
Labelling in figure:
1. steel pipe, 2. pile top, 3. Grouting Pipe, 4. enlarged footing, 5. mattress layer, 10. compaction rod, 11. channel-section steels, 12. horizontal plates.
Detailed description of the invention
First compaction rod 10 is made in this embodiment, consult Fig. 2, Fig. 3, compaction rod 10 is provided with the channel-section steel 11 of horizontal plate 12 for lower end, horizontal plate 12 is circular steel plate, channel-section steel 11 and horizontal plate 12 weld together, the diameter of horizontal plate 12 relatively makes the little 180mm of internal diameter of the steel pipe used by support pile, fills element soil or building waste to facilitate in steel pipe.
In the present embodiment, the external diameter of steel pipe is 426mm, and the diameter of enlarged footing is 800mm；The Dutch ICE hydraulic vibration driver that vibratory pile drive and extractor adopts model to be 815C, hereinafter referred to as hydraulic vibration driver.
In the present embodiment, what insert in steel pipe 1 is the compound of element soil and building waste, hereinafter referred to as compound.
Consulting Fig. 1, the step making support pile is as follows:
(1) immersed tube: steel pipe 1 is sunk to underground with hydraulic vibration driver, is provided with pile top 2 in the lower surface of steel pipe 1, and steel pipe 1 is formed and closes by pile top 2, it is to avoid the soil in ground enters in steel pipe 1；
(2) in steel pipe 1, uniformly place three Grouting Pipe 3 along the inwall of steel pipe 1, and make the bottom of Grouting Pipe 3 arrive pile top 2；Grouting Pipe 3 adopts the seamless steel pipe of diameter 20mm；
(3) enlarged footing 4 is made: consult Fig. 4, compound is inserted in steel pipe 1, the above-mentioned compaction rod 10 made is put into steel pipe 1, with the fixture of hydraulic vibration driver, the upper end of compaction rod 10 is clamped, start hydraulic vibration driver, keep the pressure to compound, make compaction rod 10 that compound to be vibrated, in the process of vibrating, the volume of compound is compressed, and makes pile top 2 move down the lower surface departing from steel pipe 1, and compound overflows from the lower end of steel pipe 1, and under the effect of compaction rod 10, complete the making of enlarged footing, then turn off hydraulic vibration driver；
(4) continue to insert compound and closely knit in steel pipe 1；Complete every time closely knit after, compaction rod 10 is promoted 2 meters, then in steel pipe 1, insert the compound of highly about 1.8 meters, compound falls into below compaction rod 10 along the hole between the horizontal plate 12 and steel pipe 1 inwall of compaction rod 10, again compaction rod 10 is transferred, compress compound, start hydraulic vibration driver, compound is carried out closely knit；
(5) step (4) is repeated until compound arrives the top of steel pipe 1 and closely knit；
(6) slip casting, carries out injecting cement mortar in enlarged footing and steel pipe by Grouting Pipe, and Grouting Pipe is upwards promoted on marginal not slurry limit, until whole steel pipe is filled with cement mortar；In the present embodiment, the ratio of mud of cement mortar is 0.9, and grouting pressure is 0.5MPa, and flow rate of grouting is 60L/min；
(7) slip casting pulls out steel pipe with hydraulic vibration driver after terminating, and forms support pile；
(8) mattress layer 5 is laid at the top of support pile；
Compaction rod can also adopt the steel pipe of lower end closed, or be welded or bolted connection horizontal plate in the lower end of the shaped steel such as round steel, channel-section steel, angle steel and be made.
The diameter of horizontal plate can be determined according to the size of the element soil added or the granule of building waste, when granule is big, what can be arranged by the diameter of horizontal plate is smaller, granule hour, what can be arranged by the diameter of horizontal plate is larger, in order to ensure that element soil and/or building waste are had certain contact surface by horizontal plate, the diameter of horizontal plate and the difference of pipe diameter are advisable between 80～300mm.
Claims (6)
1. a method for processing foundation, comprises the steps:
(1) immersed tube: adopt vibratory pile drive and extractor that together with being resisted against the pile top of steel pipe lower surface, steel pipe is sunk to underground, makes steel pipe lower surface arrive designed elevation, and the lower end of steel pipe is formed and closes by pile top；
(2) placing Grouting Pipe in steel pipe, the bottom of Grouting Pipe arrives pile top；
(3) enlarged footing is made: in steel pipe, insert element soil and/or building waste, compaction rod is put into steel pipe and is pressed on element soil, with the holder compaction rod of above-mentioned vibratory pile drive and extractor, element soil and/or building waste are vibrated, improve the degree of compaction of element soil and/or building waste, and making pile top disengaging steel pipe lower surface move down, part element soil and/or building waste overflow from steel pipe lower end and at steel pipe lower end formation enlarged footing；
(4) continue in steel pipe, insert element soil and/or building waste, and closely knit；
(5) step (4) is repeated until element soil and/or building waste arrive steel pipe top and closely knit；
(6) slip casting, carries out injecting cement mortar in enlarged footing and steel pipe by Grouting Pipe, and Grouting Pipe is upwards promoted on marginal not slurry limit, until whole steel pipe is filled with cement mortar；
(7) steel pipe is pulled out in slip casting after terminating, and forms support pile；
(8) mattress layer is laid at the top of support pile；
Described compaction rod is the shaped steel that the steel pipe of lower end closed or lower end are provided with horizontal plate.
2. method for processing foundation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the ratio of mud of cement mortar is 0.6～1.2.
3. method for processing foundation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in slip casting process, grouting pressure is 0.4MPa～0.6MPa, and flow rate of grouting is 50L/min～70L/min.
4. method for processing foundation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the diameter of enlarged footing is 1.5～3 times of diameter of steel tube.
5. method for processing foundation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the height every time inserting element soil and/or building waste is 1～2 meter.
6. method for processing foundation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: vibratory pile drive and extractor is hydraulic vibration extracting-driving pile machine.
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| CN201610116424.3A CN105714773B (en) | 2016-03-01 | 2016-03-01 | A kind of method for processing foundation |
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| CN201610116424.3A CN105714773B (en) | 2016-03-01 | 2016-03-01 | A kind of method for processing foundation |
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| CN107794917A (en) * | 2016-09-02 | 2018-03-13 | 石午江 | A kind of no atmosphere pollution and the hammering pore-forming piling method of hammering noise very little |
| CN108797577A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-11-13 | 上海市城市建设设计研究总院（集团）有限公司 | Crushed stone grouting pile with extruding-enlarging branch tray and its construction method |
| CN109098167A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2018-12-28 | 九州职业技术学院 | The processing construction and its construction method of old mining area depth mud |
| CN109518685A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-03-26 | 天津中海水利水电工程有限公司 | A kind of prefabricated pilework and its construction method under water |
| CN109680671A (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2019-04-26 | 海南大学 | A kind of liquefaction foundation treatment method based on building waste |
| CN113699980A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-11-26 | 宁波华宇建设有限公司 | Deep foundation treatment method |
| CN115305912A (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2022-11-08 | 高云飞 | Tubular pile grouting, tamping and vibrating bottom expanding construction method |
| CN115748674A (en) * | 2022-12-12 | 2023-03-07 | 中建八局第三建设有限公司 | Leak protection anti-floating pile |
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| CN115305912A (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2022-11-08 | 高云飞 | Tubular pile grouting, tamping and vibrating bottom expanding construction method |
| CN115748674A (en) * | 2022-12-12 | 2023-03-07 | 中建八局第三建设有限公司 | Leak protection anti-floating pile |
| CN115748674B (en) * | 2022-12-12 | 2023-09-22 | 中建八局第三建设有限公司 | Leakage-proof anti-pulling pile |
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