CN105714161B - 合金铸材与合金制品的形成方法 - Google Patents

合金铸材与合金制品的形成方法 Download PDF

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CN105714161B
CN105714161B CN201410723012.7A CN201410723012A CN105714161B CN 105714161 B CN105714161 B CN 105714161B CN 201410723012 A CN201410723012 A CN 201410723012A CN 105714161 B CN105714161 B CN 105714161B
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周育贤
杨智超
侯彦羽
翁鋕荣
陈溪山
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Abstract

本发明提供合金铸材,其包括:97至99重量份的Al与Si;0.25至0.4重量份的Cu;以及0.15至1.35重量份的Mg、Ni、与Ti中至少两者的组合。上述合金铸材经气体喷粉成粉末,再以激光增材制造烧结粉末以成形烧结体。时效热处理烧结体,可完成合金制品。

Description

合金铸材与合金制品的形成方法
【技术领域】
本发明涉及合金铸材,更特别涉及其组成与成形方式。
【背景技术】
近年来石油价格飞涨,在能源与环境的议题逐渐受重视的情况下,汽车、机车等运输工具的动力元件(如:涡轮增压器、汽缸头、排气岐管等零组件)运用轻质的铝合金材料成为目前主要趋势。目前汽机车等运输工具的动力元件大多以传统铸造方式所制成,此传统制程对于产品外型与结构设计有所局限,需要繁琐的CNC后加工与热处理制程,其过程费时、耗能、耗材,且对于形状复杂的动力元件的加工难度则更高,加工程序复杂再加上加工时间长,导致加工成本相当高。综上所述,传统铸造方式非常不适合用于复杂结构且需兼具多元需求的汽车、机车零组件开发。
综上所述,目前亟需新的铝合金材料及其加工方式,以克服现有技术耗工耗时的问题。
【发明内容】
本发明一种实施方式提供合金铸材,包括:97至99重量份的Al与Si;0.25至0.4重量份的Cu;以及0.15至1.35重量份的Mg、Ni、与Ti中至少两者的组合。
本发明一种实施方式提供合金制品的形成方法,包括:将上述合金铸材气体喷制成粉末,再以激光增材制造(laser additive manufacturing)烧结粉末以成形烧结体;以及时效热处理所述烧结体,以完成合金制品。
【具体实施方式】
在下述内容中,将公开以激光增材制造烧结的方式制作运输工具的动力元件。利用激光增材制造烧结技术,可将传统的三阶段制程(成形+CNC后加工+热处理)缩减成增材烧结的单一制程。烧结体可近似成型(near net-shape),降低材料使用量,同时可以解决难以加工成型结构件以及需要内部水路设计的动力元件的加工问题,同时降低材料用量。为了使铝合金粉体具耐高温性与机械强度以达到汽、机车等运输工具的动力元件规格需求,同时能符合激光增材制造烧结制程,需调整铝合金粉体组成以提升铝合金粉体的高温机械强度。另一方面,可采用气体喷粉使铝合金块材形成高真圆度的铝合金粉体。
在本发明一种实施方式中,合金铸材粉体包括:97至99重量份的Al与Si;0.25至0.4重量份的Cu;以及0.15至1.35重量份的Mg、Ni、与Ti中至少两者的组合。若Cu的比例过高,则会降低铸造流动性与耐蚀性。若Cu的比例过低,则降低铝合金机械强度与机械加工性。
在本发明一种实施方式中,合金铸材中的Si占6至8重量份,而合金铸材中的Al占89至93重量份。若Si的比例过高,则造成合金的延展性变差。若Si的比例过低,则会降低铸造流动性,铸材硬度会降低。
在本发明一种实施方式中,合金铸材中的Mg占0.7至0.9重量份。若Mg的比例过高,则造成合金的延展性变差。若Mg的比例过低,则降低铝合金强度与耐磨性。在本发明一种实施方式中,合金铸材中的Ni占0.1至0.25重量份。若Ni的比例过高,则会造成合金的延展性变差。若Ni的比例过低,则无法提升铝合金材料的高温机械性质。在本发明一种实施方式中,合金铸材中的Ti占0.05至0.2重量份之间。若Ti的比例过高,则易与铝合金材料中其他元素形成化合物,对合金材料的机械性质会造成负面影响。
在本发明一种实施方式中,上述合金铸材可用于形成合金制品。举例来说,可先依上述比例将Al、Si、Cu、Ni、Mg、与Ti熔融成合金块材。接着将合金块材气体喷粉成粉末,再以激光增材制造烧结喷出的粉末,以形成烧结体。在本发明一种实施方式中,上述粉末的尺寸介于5μm至35μm之间。若粉末尺寸过大,则造成激光增材制造烧结后的烧结体表面粗糙度过高,影响烧结体的精度。若粉末尺寸过小,则易造成粉体团聚,降低粉体的流动性,影响激光增材制造制程中每一层粉体铺粉后粉体厚度均匀性。在本发明一种实施方式中,激光增材制造烧结的温度介于660℃至2400℃之间。若激光增材制造烧结的温度过高,则会造成铝合金材料汽化。若激光增材制造烧结的温度过低,则铝合金材料会无法熔解。接着时效热处理烧结体,以完成合金制品。在本发明一种实施方式中,时效热处理的温度介于150℃至180℃之间。若时效热处理的温度过高,则会过时效,析出相粒径增大、颗粒数减少及析出相密度变低,降低合金的硬度。若时效热处理的温度过低,则析出相析出不充分,硬度提升效果变差。上述气体喷粉、激光增材制造烧结、与时效热处理的原理即所谓的3D列印,烧结的合金粉末堆迭成形,可省略传统车床加工消耗的原料,或传统模具成形的模具。
为了让本发明的上述和其他目的、特征、和优点能更明显易懂,下文特举多个实施例,作详细说明如下:
【实施例】
实施例1
依据表1的Al、Si、Cu、Mg、Ni、与Ti的重量比例,先以高温炉熔炼成铝合金。接着依序经过气体喷粉、激光增材制造烧结、和时效热处理(165℃,时间为6小时),且铝合金烧结体在时效热处理前和时效热处理后的硬度分析结果(以洛氏硬度机进行HRB标准硬度测试,依据ASTM E18规范)如表1所示。铝合金烧结体具有时效析出硬化的特性,其中以铜含量为0.3重量份和0.4重量份的烧结体经时效热处理后的硬度提升幅度最大。
表1
上述试片A1-A9的常温抗拉强度(以Gleeble3500进行材料常温拉伸强度测试,依据ASTM E8规范)、常温降伏强度(yield Strength)(以Gleeble3500进行材料常温降伏强度测试,依据ASTM E8规范)、常温伸长率(以Gleeble3500进行材料常温伸长率测试,依据ASTME8规范)、高温抗拉强度(以Gleeble3500进行材料高温拉伸强度测试,依据ASTM E8(E8M)&E21规范)、高温降伏强度(以Gleeble3500进行材料高温降伏强度测试,依据ASTME8(E8M)&E21规范)、与高温伸长率(以Gleeble3500进行材料高温伸长率测试,依据ASTM E8(E8M)&E21规范)如表2所示。在考量材料强度与延性须兼顾的情况下,以Al91.65Si7Cu0.3Mg0.8Ni0.15Ti0.1(A2)和Al91.55Si7Cu0.3Mg0.7Ni0.25Ti0.2(A8)两组铝合金工件经过时效处理后,常温与高温(250℃)下的机械强度和伸长率最符合需求。
表2
实施例2
固定硅、镁、镍和钛含量,并改变铝合金粉体中铜含量进行合金熔炼,其成份重量百分比如表3所示,再依序经过气体喷粉、激光增材制造烧结、和时效热处理(165℃,时间为6小时)。表4为改性后铝合金烧结体时效处理前和时效处理后的硬度,表5为试片B1-B4的常温抗拉强度、常温降伏强度、常温伸长率、高温抗拉强度、高温降伏强度、与高温伸长率,其测量标准同前述。在考量材料强度与延性须兼顾的情况下,以Al91.5Si7Cu0.3Mg0.8Ni0.2Ti0.2(B3)经过时效处理后,硬度可达HRB 74.5且常温下和高温(250℃)下的机械强度和伸长率也最符合需求。
表3
表4
比较例1
取市售的铝合金材料AlSi10Mg(A360;振寓有限公司和AC4B(AlSi9Fe1.2Cu4Mn0.5Mg1.0Ni0.5Zn1.0Ti0.25;振寓有限公司)同样依序经过气体喷粉、激光增材制造烧结、和时效热处理(165℃,时间为6小时),进行常温下和高温下的机械强度比较,结果如表5所示。本发明开发的铝合金粉体,在高温环境(250℃)下的高温机械强度如抗拉强度(UTS)与降伏强度(YS)均高于市售商品,因此更适于应用在汽机车动力元件相关产业。
表5
比较例2
选用与本发明的元素范围以外的铝合金材料,如表6所示,也同样依序经过气体喷粉、激光增材制造烧结、和时效热处理(165℃,时间为6小时),进行常温下和高温下的机械强度比较,结果如表7所示。本发明开发的铝合金粉体,在高温环境(250℃)下的高温机械强度如抗拉强度(UTS)与降伏强度(YS)均高于表6中四组铝合金材料,因此更适于应用在汽机车动力元件相关产业。
表6
表7
试片编号 常温抗 常温降 常温伸 高温抗 高温降 高温伸
拉强度 伏强度 长率 拉强度 伏强度 长率
C1 250MPa 165MPa 2% 110MPa 65MPa 8%
C2 248MPa 193MPa 1% 130MPa 83MPa 6%
C3 250MPa 195MPa 0.5% 125MPa 70MPa 5%
C4 240MPa 170MPa 3% 65MPa 35MPa 16%
虽然本发明已以多个实施例揭露如上,然其并非用以限定本发明,任何本技术领域的技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,当可作任意的更动与润饰,因此本发明的保护范围当以所附权利要求书所界定的范围为准。

Claims (6)

1.一种合金制品的形成方法,包括:
将合金铸材气体喷粉成粉末,再以激光增材制造烧结粉末以成形烧结体,其中激光增材制造烧结粉末的温度为660℃至2400℃;以及
时效热处理该烧结体,以完成合金制品,其中时效热处理该烧结体的温度为150℃至180℃,
其中该合金铸材由以下组成:
97至99重量份的Al与Si;
0.25至0.4重量份的Cu;以及
0.15至1.35重量份的Mg、Ni、与Ti中至少两者的组合,
其中Si占6至8重量份。
2.如权利要求1所述的合金制品的形成方法,其中Al占89至93重量份。
3.如权利要求1所述的合金制品的形成方法,其中Mg占0.7至0.9重量份。
4.如权利要求1所述的合金制品的形成方法,其中Ni占0.1至0.25重量份。
5.如权利要求1所述的合金制品的形成方法,其中Ti占0.05至0.2重量份。
6.如权利要求1所述的合金制品的形成方法,其中该合金铸材的粉末粒径为5μm至35μm。
CN201410723012.7A 2014-11-21 2014-12-03 合金铸材与合金制品的形成方法 Active CN105714161B (zh)

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