CN105712956B - 一种温和高效的多官能团取代环氧类化合物的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种温和高效的多官能团取代环氧类化合物的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种温和高效的多官能团取代环氧类化合物的制备方法,该方法以α‑溴代α,β‑不饱和酯类化合物为底物,在催化量的有机小分子碱、化学计量的无机碱作用下与醛室温反应,得到多官能团取代环氧类化合物。本发明底物便宜易得,反应条件温和,环境友好,产物收率高,并且双键的几何构型完全为反式构型。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种以α-溴代-α,β-不饱和酯类化合物和醛为底物,在有机小分子催化剂和温和的无机碱共同作用下,通过一种非氧化、绿色、温和的合成方法,以较好的收率合成一系多官能团取代环氧类化合物的方法。
背景技术
环氧化合物作为一种最简单的杂环化合物,在有机合成中的地位越来越重要。由于三元环所固有的结构张力,环氧化合物极容易发生亲和开环,在有机合成中被广泛应用于:同时引入双官能团、用作保护基、区域选择性的合成有机化合物及合成具有生物活性的天然产物。例如,世界上首例价值十亿美元的抗癌药物紫杉醇侧链的合成就需要经过环氧开环的过程(Li Deng and Eric N.Jacobsen.A Practical,Highly EnantioselectiveSynthesis of the Taxol Side Chain via Asymmetric Catalysis.[J].J.Org.Chem.,1992,57,4321.);天然产物(+)-ambuic acid中也含有环己烯酮的环氧结构片段,且该片段在发挥(+)-ambuic acid抗革兰氏阳性菌作用中发挥着决定作用(Sun Hee Jung,Geum-Sook Hwang,Total Synthsis of(+)-Ambuic Acid:α-Bromination with 1,2-Dibromotetrachloroethane.[J].Org.Chem.2012,77,2513.)。基于环氧化合物具有如此重要的应用价值,多取代环氧化合物合成方法的探索一直受到化学家的青睐。目前报道的合成方法主要有三种:(1)烯烃环氧化;(2)Darzens反应;(3)羰基环氧化。这些方法都存在不同程度的局限性:如烯烃环氧化,富电子的烯烃环氧化法中Sharpless环氧化已经发展的很成熟,但对于缺电子烯烃环氧化的研究还存在可能过度氧化,底物适用范围受限等问题;Darzens反应(Paul Sulmon,Norbert De Kimpet and Niceas Schamp。J.Org.Chem,53,19,1988)和羰基环氧化(Varinder K.Aggarwal,George Hynd,Willy Picoul,and Jean-LucVasse。J.AM.CHEM.SOC,2002,124,9964)都需要使用化学计量的强碱,尤其是Darzens反应中使用醇钠、氨基钠或高浓度的氢氧化钠,条件苛刻,对无水条件、温度要求高,操作复杂,极大地限制了底物的适用范围,限制了它们在大规模工业合成中的应用。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于克服现有多官能团取代环氧类化合物合成方法的缺点,提供一种原料便宜易得,条件温和、操作简便,应用范围广、产物收率高的多官能团取代环氧类化合物的制备方法。
解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案是:将式Ⅰ所示的α-溴代-α,β-不饱和酯类化合物、式Ⅱ所示的醛完全溶解于有机溶剂中,在催化剂和碱的作用下室温反应,得到式Ⅲ所示的多官能团取代环氧类化合物;
式中R′代表C1~C4烷基;R代表烷基、苯基、取代苯基、1-萘基、2-萘基、2-噻吩基、2-吡啶基、2-溴-3-吡啶基、2-喹啉基中的任意一种。
上述的R代表苯基、取代苯基、1-萘基、2-萘基、2-噻吩基、2-吡啶基、2-溴-3-吡啶基或2-喹啉基时,其中取代苯基具体如卤代苯基、硝基取代苯基、对甲基苯基、或对甲氧基苯基,优选在室温反应2~4小时。
上述的R代表烷基时,具体如C2~C10烷基,优选在室温反应6~8小时。
上述的α-溴代-α,β-不饱和酯类化合物与醛、催化剂、碱的摩尔比优选为1:1.5~2.5:0.1~0.3:1。
上述催化剂是1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯、1,4-二氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷、三乙胺、三苯基膦中的任意一种,优选1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯。
上述的有机溶剂是四氢呋喃、甲醇、乙醇、乙腈、二氧六环、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的任意一种。
本发明以α-溴代的α,β-不饱和酯类化合物为底物,在有机小分子催化剂和无机碱的作用下,和一系列醛发生反应,制备得到多官能团取代的环氧类化合物。本发明的特点在于:底物便宜易得,操作简便,反应条件温和,环境友好,底物适用范围广,产物产率高,并且双键的几何构型完全为反式构型。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进一步详细说明,但本发明的保护范围不仅限于这些实施例。
实施例1
以合成式Ⅲ-1化合物为例,其反应方程式如下所示:
将366.0mg(1.36mmol)式Ⅰ-1化合物、41.7μL(0.272mmol)1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯(DBU)、187.7mg(1.36mmol)K2CO3、0.138mL(2.72mmol)苯甲醛溶解于2.72mL乙醇中,室温反应2小时,用饱和氯化铵淬灭反应,将反应液倒入水中,用乙酸乙酯萃取,浓缩有机层,柱分离(洗脱剂为石油醚与乙酸乙酯的体积比为15:1的混合液),得到式Ⅲ-1化合物,dr>20:1,其总收率是80%,大极性产物的结构表征数据如下:
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.31-7.20(m,10H),6.74(d,J=16.2Hz,1H),6.22(d,J=16.2Hz,1H),4.48(s,1H),4.33(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.36(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ:169.29,136.04,135.26,132.78,128.51,128.41,128.09,128.03,127.18,126.67,118.40,65.00,63.18,62.15,14.21;IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3026,2983,2929,2868,1737,1507,1454,1381,1293,1245,1145,1049,971,913,852,812,743,696,565,512;ESI-MS:C19H18KO3(M+K)+理论值333.0888,实测值333.0887。
实施例2
在实施例1中,所用的1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯用等摩尔的1,4-二氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷替换,其他步骤与实施例1相同,得到式Ⅲ-1化合物,其总收率为59%。
实施例3
在实施例1中,所用的1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯用等摩尔的三乙胺替换,其他步骤与实施例1相同,得到式Ⅲ-1化合物,其总收率为66.5%。
实施例4
在实施例1中,所用的1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯用等摩尔的三苯基膦替换,其他步骤与实施例1相同,得到式Ⅲ-1化合物,其收率为65.5%。
实施例5
以合成式Ⅲ-2化合物为例,其反应方程式如下所示:
在实施例1中,所用的苯甲醛用等摩尔的邻氯苯甲醛替换,其他步骤与实施例1相同,得到式Ⅲ-2化合物,dr=10:1,其总收率是76%,结构表征数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.55(dd,J=7.2Hz、3.2Hz,0.11H),7.49(d,J=7.2Hz,0.22H),7.40(dd,J=7.2、2.8Hz,1H),7.28-7.19(m,7H),6.91(d,J=16.0Hz,0.1H),6.77(d,J=16.0Hz,0.1H),6.58(dd,J=16.4Hz,1H),6.34(dd,J=16.0Hz,1H),4.60(s,1H),4.39(qd,J=7.2、2.4Hz,2H),4.27(s,0.1H),4.01(dd,J=13.2、7.2Hz,2H),1.40(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),0.97(t,J=7.2Hz,0.32H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:168.92,135.89,134.39,133.04,132.30,131.25,129.49,128.91,128.83,128.77,128.67,128.43,128.35,128.23,128.00,126.85,126.62,126.35,126.25,122.20,117.81,77.32,77.00,76.68,65.64,64.08,62.49,62.21,61.45,14.20,13.76;IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3068,3030,2974,1737,1583,1477,1444,1379,1243,1144,1044,911,848,757,690,620,589,535,460;ESI-MS:C19H17ClKO3(M+K)+理论值367.0498,实测值367.0500。
实施例6
以合成式Ⅲ-3化合物为例,其反应方程式如下所示:
在实施例1中,所用的苯甲醛用等摩尔的间氯苯甲醛替换,其他步骤与实施例1相同,得到式Ⅲ-3化合物,dr=10:1,其总收率是91.3%,大极性产物的结构表征数据如下:
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.32(s,1H),7.27(m,4H),7.24-7.21(m,3H),7.20-7.16(m,1H),6.73(d,J=16.2Hz,1H),6.21(d,J=16.2Hz,1H),4.46(s,1H),4.33(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.37(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ:168.91,135.80,135.50,134.89,134.14,129.36,128.62,128.57,128.24,127.36,126.70,125.28,117.87,64.21,63.18,62.31,14.19;IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3061,2980,2905,1740,1600,1576,1448,1374,1247,1142,1098,1048,972,870,971,751,692;ESI-MS:C19H17ClKO3(M+K)+理论值367.0498,实测值367.0495。
实施例7
以合成式Ⅲ-4化合物为例,其反应方程式如下所示:
在实施例1中,所用的苯甲醛用等摩尔的对氯苯甲醛替换,其他步骤与实施例1相同,得到式Ⅲ-4化合物,dr=12.5:1,其总收率是78%,结构表征数据如下:
小极性产物:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.43(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.37-7.28(m,5H),7.30(m,1H),7.26(d,J=0.8Hz,1H),6.84(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),6.62(dd,J=16.0、0.8Hz,1H),4.12-3.96(m,3H),1.05(td,J=7.2、0.8Hz,3H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:166.53,135.68,134.51,132.18,131.76,128.71,128.41,128.37,127.91,126.78,122.51,77.32,77.00,76.68,66.86,65.49,61.60,13.93;IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3050,2924,2857,1727,1597,1487,1411,1371,1324,1253,1119,1013,979,932,851,810,749,688,632,521;ESI-MS:C19H17ClKO3(M+K)+理论值367.0498,实测值367.0498。
大极性产物:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.28-7.21(m,9H),6.73(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),6.21(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),4.45(s,1H),4.32(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.35(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);13CNMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:168.99,135.74,135.42,134.37,131.31,128.57,128.50,128.30,128.26,126.67,117.97,77.36,77.05,76.73,64.30,63.24,62.25,14.18;IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3076,2988,2863,1736.60,2932,1592,1494,1459,1367,1410,1253.75,1088,1015,970,836,749,688,633,580,522;ESI-MS:C19H17ClKO3(M+K)+理论值367.0498,实测值367.0497。
实施例8
以合成式Ⅲ-5化合物为例,其反应方程式如下所示:
在实施例1中,所用的苯甲醛用等摩尔的2,3-二氯苯甲醛替换,其他步骤与实施例1相同,得到式Ⅲ-5化合物,dr=7.2:1,其总收率是86%,结构表征数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.45(d,J=7.6Hz,0.65H),7.32(dd,J=8.0,1.2Hz,1H),7.29(ddd,J=7.6、1.2、0.8Hz,1H),7.25-7.17(m,5H),7.14(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.88(d,J=16.0Hz,0.12H),6.74(d,J=16.0Hz,0.13H),6.55(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),6.31(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),4.57(s,1H),4.36(mt,2H),4.22(s,1H),3.99(dd,J=14.4、7.2Hz,0.2H),1.36(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),0.95(t,J=7.2Hz,0.37H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ:168.61,166.19,135.63,134.57,133.87,133.57,132.69,132.58,132.56,131.35,131.16,130.24,128.68,128.48,128.16,127.09,127.04,126.91,126.86,126.65,126.54,121.86,117.40,65.62,64.62,64.13,62.59,62.31,61.56,14.20,13.79;IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3020,2986,2930,1728,1618,1491,1420,1324,1258,1174,1126,1064.56,1012,931,854,748,690,605,549;ESI-MS:C19H16Cl2KO3(M+K)+理论值401.0108,实测值401.0103。
实施例9
以合成式Ⅲ-6化合物为例,其反应方程式如下所示:
在实施例1中,所用的苯甲醛用等摩尔的邻硝基苯甲醛替换,其他步骤与实施例1相同,得到式Ⅲ-6化合物,dr=2.5:1,其总收率是89%,结构表征数据如下:
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ:8.17(dd,J=7.8、1.2Hz,0.40H),8.12(dd,J=8.4、1.2Hz,1H),7.83(d,J=7.8Hz,0.40H),7.69(m,1H),7.63(td,J=7.8、1.2Hz,1H),7.51(td,J=8.4、1.2Hz,0.40H),7.45(dd,J=8.4、1.2Hz,0.84H),7.42(td,J=8.4、1.2Hz,1H),7.33(t,J=8.4Hz,0.84H),7.27(m,0.40H),7.21-7.13(m,5H),6.92(d,J=15.6Hz,0.40H),6.75(d,J=15.6Hz,0.40H),6.49(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),6.31(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),4.91(s,1H),4.61(s,0.40H),4.44-4.33(m,2H),3.93(m,0.84H),1.38(t,J=7.2Hz,8H),0.90(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ:168.56,166.39,147.18,147.07,135.68,135.57,134.25,133.86,133.72,132.83,130.29,130.13,130.05,129.65,129.32,128.67,128.48,128.44,128.16,126.91,126.58,124.67,124.45,122.05,117.67,65.50,64.84,64.77,62.84,62.39,61.57,14.19,13.74;IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3064,2983,2932,2858,1731.13,1611,1523.93,1458.38,1342.58,1251.66,1137,1035.33,974.70,920.49,851.91,740.63,686.71,514.00;ESI-MS:C19H17NNaO5(M+Na)+理论值362.0999,实测值362.0998。
实施例10
以合成式Ⅲ-7化合物为例,其反应方程式如下所示:
在实施例1中,所用的苯甲醛用等摩尔的对硝基苯甲醛替换,其他步骤与实施例1相同,得到式Ⅲ-7化合物,dr=5.0:1,其总收率是95%,结构表征数据如下:
小极性产物:1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ:8.22(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),7.61(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.44(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.36(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.30(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),6.87(d,J=16.2Hz,1H),6.63(d,J=16.2Hz,1H),4.17(s,1H),4.08-3.98(m,2H),1.04(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ:166.02,148.05,140.32,135.45,132.85,128.78,128.65,127.60,126.86,123.38,121.91,66.31,65.69,61.84,13.99;IR(KBr,cm-1)v:2988,2929,2857,1748.09,1603.29,1523.16,1449.37,1346.19,1234.70,1114.53,1014.93,972.01,854.87,749.09,693.49,555.71;ESI-MS:C19H17NNaO5(M+Na)+理论值362.0999,实测值362.1000。
大极性产物:1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ:8.14(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.49(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.28-7.18(m,5H),6.75(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),6.22(d,J=16.2Hz,1H),4.58(s,1H),4.34(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.36(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ:168.46,147.89,140.09,135.71,135.35,128.64,128.50,128.09,126.66,123.25,117.34,63.85,63.48,62.50,14.15;IR(KBr,cm-1)v:2983,2923,2855,1737.13,1606.70,1520.96,1458.83,1347.25,1294.75,1256.79,1152.36,1110.48,1018.86,969.84,833.90,741.75,698.40,531.93;ESI-MS:C19H17NNaO5(M+Na)+理论值362.0999,实测值362.0998。
实施例11
以合成式Ⅲ-8化合物为例,其反应方程式如下所示:
在实施例1中,所用的苯甲醛用等摩尔的对甲基苯甲醛替换,其他步骤与实施例1相同,得到式Ⅲ-8化合物,dr=3.0:1,其总收率是87%,大极性产物的结构表征数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.25(t,J=4.4Hz,4H),7.19(d,J=8.0Hz,3H),7.09(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),6.75(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),6.24(d,J=16.4Hz,1H),4.44(s,1H),4.32(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.28(s,3H),1.35(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ:169.37,138.19,136.07,135.10,129.69,128.74,128.48,128.02,127.07,126.68,118.50,65.07,63.23,62.08,21.18,14.20;IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3026,2983,2929,2868,1737,1610,1588,1507,1454,1381,1293,1245,1145,1049,971,812,743,696,512;ESI-MS:C20H20KO3(M+K)+理论值347.1044,实测值347.1046。
实施例12
以合成式Ⅲ-9化合物为例,其反应方程式如下所示:
在实施例1中,所用的苯甲醛用等摩尔的对甲氧基苯甲醛替换,其他步骤与实施例1相同,得到式Ⅲ-9化合物,dr=2.7:1,其总收率是46.6%,大极性产物的结构表征数据如下:
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.27-7.20(m,7H),6.81(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),6.75(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),6.25(d,J=16.2Hz,1H),4.42(s,1H),4.32(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.74(s,3H),1.35(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ:169.39,159.73,136.07,135.14,128.51,128.45,128.06,126.67,124.74,118.60,113.55,64.89,63.31,62.07,55.19,14.20;IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3057,2973,2840,2037,1890,1735,1611,1511,1457,1380,1302,1244,1170,1036,973,826,745,698,526;ESI-MS:C20H20NaO3(M+Na)+理论值347.1254,实测值347.1250。
实施例13
以合成式Ⅲ-10化合物为例,其反应方程式如下所示:
在实施例1中,所用的苯甲醛用等摩尔的1-萘醛替换,其他步骤与实施例1相同,得到式Ⅲ-10化合物,dr=10:1,其总收率是41.8%,大极性产物的结构表征数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.90(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.83(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.75(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.54(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),7.48(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.42(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.12(t,J=7.6Hz,3H),7.07(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),6.62(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),6.20(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),4.92(s,1H),4.43(q,J=6.8Hz,2H),1.42(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:169.37,135.86,134.47,133.09,130.96,128.74,128.67,128.30,127.87,126.60,126.57,125.93,125.20,124.89,122.69,117.85,77.32,77.00,76.68,64.42,63.04,62.21,14.26;IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3054,2969,2923,1739,1611,1503,1448,1371,1245,1154,1027,957,918,861,795,699,514;ESI-MS:C23H20NaO3(M+Na)+理论值367.1305,实测值367.1303。
实施例14
以合成式Ⅲ-11化合物为例,其反应方程式如下所示:
在实施例1中,所用的苯甲醛用等摩尔的2-萘醛替换,其他步骤与实施例1相同,得到式Ⅲ-11化合物,dr>20:1,其总收率是79.3%,大极性产物的结构表征数据如下:
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.82-7.74(m,4H),7.46-7.43(m,2H),7.40(d,J=9.6Hz,1H),7.22-7.14(m,5H),6.83(d,J=16.2Hz,1H),6.24(d,J=16.2Hz,1H),4.64(s,1H),4.35(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.38(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ:169.26,135.91,135.41,133.23,132.78,130.26,128.46,128.06,127.94,127.80,127.74,126.71,126.62,126.37,126.30,124.43,118.31,65.20,63.43,62.19,14.22;IR(KBr,cm-1)v:2923,2871,1699.90,1578.77,1530.19,1451,1397.74,1350.18,1270.94,1190.49,1141.88,792.42,743.04,694.99,636.86;ESI-MS:C23H20NaO3(M+Na)+理论值367.1305,实测值367.1302。
实施例15
以合成式Ⅲ-12化合物为例,其反应方程式如下所示:
在实施例1中,所用的苯甲醛用等摩尔的2-噻吩甲醛替换,其他步骤与实施例1相同,得到式Ⅲ-12化合物,dr>20:1,其总收率是87.1%,大极性产物的结构表征数据如下:
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.39(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.32(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.27(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.23(dd,J=4.8、1.2Hz,1H),7.16(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),6.95(dd,J=4.8、3.6Hz,1H),6.91(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),6.47(d,J=16.2Hz,1H),4.62(s,1H),4.32(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.36(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ:168.86,135.95,135.65,128.99,128.63,128.50,128.29,126.90,126.81,126.51,118.28,63.98,62.27,62.24,14.19;IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3432,2982,2926,2862,1736,1638,1447,1243,1148,1041,975,701;ESI-MS:C17H16NaO3S(M+Na)+理论值323.0712,实测值323.0711。
实施例16
以合成式Ⅲ-13化合物为例,其反应方程式如下所示:
在实施例1中,所用的苯甲醛用等摩尔的2-溴-3-吡啶甲醛替换,其他步骤与实施例1相同,得到式Ⅲ-13化合物,dr=3:1,其总收率是70%,结构表征数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:8.32(dd,J=4.4、1.6Hz,0.3H),8.24(dd,J=4.8、2.0Hz,1H),7.82(dd,J=7.6、2.0Hz,0.3H),7.62(dd,J=7.6、2.0Hz,1H),7.46(d,J=7.2Hz,0.6H),7.35(t,J=7.6Hz,0.6H),7.30-7.26(dt,J=7.2、2.0Hz,0.6H),7.25-7.16(m,6H),6.90(d,J=16.4Hz,0.3H),6.77(d,J=16.0Hz,0.3H),6.53(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),6.35(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),4.51(s,1H),4.44-4.30(m,2H),4.15(s,0.3H),4.07-3.95(m,0.6H),1.37(t,J=7.2Hz,9H),0.99(t,J=7.2Hz,0.9H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ:168.32,166.03,149.74,149.71,141.78,141.75,137.53,137.27,135.56,135.41,134.75,132.80,130.91,130.69,128.73,128.55,128.34,126.92,126.66,122.36,122.27,121.52,117.33,77.45,77.14,76.82,65.94,64.65,64.35,62.72,62.44,61.80,14.24,13.93;IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3057,2983,2936,2906,1961,1738,1615,1567,1457,1406,1242,1140,1048,970,851,750,688,515;ESI-MS:C19H17BrNaNO3(M+Na)+理论值396.0206,实测值396.0204。
实施例17
以合成式Ⅲ-14化合物为例,其反应方程式如下所示:
在实施例1中,所用的苯甲醛用等摩尔的2-喹啉甲醛替换,其他步骤与实施例1相同,得到式Ⅲ-14化合物,dr=6.7:1,其总收率是62%,大极性产物的结构表征数据如下:
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ:8.06(dd,J=8.4、4.2Hz,1H),7.74(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.71(dd,J=7.8、1.2Hz,1H),7.51(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.40(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.24-7.16(m,5H),6.86(d,J=16.2Hz,1H),6.32(d,J=16.2Hz,1H),4.80(s,1H),4.38-4.27(m,2H),1.36(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3)δ:168.53,153.64,147.52,136.04,135.57,135.05,129.88,128.78,128.45,128.15,127.71,127.67,126.74,126.60,119.18,118.03,77.21,77.00,76.79,65.34,62.93,62.31,14.11;IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3057.85,2986.67,1961,1742.20,1603.78,1567,1502.98,1460.73,1380.13,1244.65,1145.10,10438,974.04,836.13,756.75,698.09,581.52,536.09;ESI-MS:C22H19NNaO3(M+Na)+理论值368.1263,实测值368.1260。
实施例18
以合成式Ⅲ-15化合物为例,其反应方程式如下所示:
在实施例1中,所用的苯甲醛用等摩尔的正戊醛替换,反应时间延长至6小时,其他步骤与实施例1相同,得到式Ⅲ-15化合物,dr=1.2:1,其总收率是54%,结构表征数据如下:
小极性产物:1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.39(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.32(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.26-7.24(m,1H),6.70(d,J=16.2Hz,1H),6.59(d,J=16.2Hz,1H),4.31(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.00(t,J=6.6Hz,1H),1.67-1.37(m,6H),1.34(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),0.92(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ:168.44,136.02,131.16,128.63,128.09,126.68,123.52,68.18,62.22,61.73,28.28,28.14,22.41,14.32,13.89;IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3030,2965,2821,1735,1600,1507,1438,1380,1290,1149,1110,1037,972,746,695;ESI-MS:C17H22NaO3(M+Na)+理论值297.1461,实测值297.1460。
大极性产物:1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.43(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.35-7.32(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.28(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),6.65(s,2H),4.27(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.33(t,J=6.0Hz,1H),1.57-1.32(m,9H),0.88(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ:170.03,133.64,128.65,128.10,127.06,126.74,119.57,65.75,61.82,61.08,28.11,26.40,22.31,14.18,13.92;IR(KBr,cm-1)v:2960,2932,2870,1744,1603,1497,1452,1384,1288,1256,1165,1110,1043,963,756,658;ESI-MS:C17H22NaO3(M+Na)+理论值297.1461,实测值297.1460。
实施例19
以合成Ⅲ-16化合物为例,其反应方程式如下所示:
在实施例1中,所用的苯甲醛用等摩尔的异戊醛替换,反应时间延长至6小时,其他步骤与实施例1相同,得到式Ⅲ-16化合物,dr=1.5:1,其总收率是40%,结构表征数据如下:
小极性产物:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.31(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.24(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.15-7.19(m,1H),6.63(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),6.54(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),4.23(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.95(t,J=6.0Hz,1H),1.83-1.73(m,1H),1.53-1.39(m,2H),1.27(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),0.92(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.88(d,J=6.8Hz,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ:168.42,136.00,131.09,128.63,128.09,126.68,123.48,67.34,61.90,61.72,37.11,26.32,22.76,22.39,14.33;IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3057,2961,2876,1739,1591,1460,1375,1295,1245,1171,1113,1043,975,921,857,748,697,579,524;ESI-MS:C17H22NaO3(M+Na)+理论值297.1461,实测值297.1461。
大极性产物:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.36(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.27(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.20(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),6.56(s,2H),4.20(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.29(t,J=6.0Hz,1H),1.78-1.72(m,1H),1.46-1.29(m,2H),1.25(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),0.89(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.86(d,J=6.8Hz,3H);IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3057,3026,2962,2876,1885,1743,1595,1460,1378,1328,1292,1235,1127,1027,970,856,750,695,556;ESI-MS:C17H22NaO3(M+Na)+理论值297.1461,实测值297.1460。
实施例20
以合成式Ⅲ-17化合物为例,其反应方程式如下所示:
在实施例1中,所用的苯甲醛用等摩尔的正庚醛替换,反应时间延长至6小时,其他步骤与实施例1相同,得到式Ⅲ-17化合物,dr=1.5:1,其总收率是39%,结构表征数据如下:
小极性产物:1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.38(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.31(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.26-7.23(m,1H),6.70(d,J=16.2Hz,1H),6.59(d,J=16.2Hz,1H),4.31(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.00(t,J=6.0Hz,1H),1.67-1.58(m,2H),1.56-1.50(m,1H),1.48-1.41(m,1H),1.35(d,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.33-1.23(m,6H),0.89(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ:168.44,136.03,131.16,128.63,128.09,126.68,123.53,68.19,62.22,61.73,31.66,28.99,28.61,26.00,22.51,14.32,14.03;IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3068,3032,2926,2860,1756,1720,1613,1458,1382,1253,1111,1052,759,700,624;ESI-MS:C19H26NaO3(M+Na)+理论值325.1774,实测值325.1773。
大极性产物:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.43(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.34(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.30-7.24(m,1H),6.65(s,2H),4.27(q,J=7.2Hz,1H),3.33(t,J=5.6Hz,1H),1.63-1.37(m,5H),1.36-1.16(m,8H),0.85(t,J=6.8Hz,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ:169.97,135.99,133.55,128.59,128.04,126.67,119.48,77.42,77.00,76.58,65.72,61.83,61.01,31.57,28.79,26.59,25.85,22.44,14.12,13.96;IR(KBr,cm-1)v:2926,2863,1738,1634,1542,1500,1458,1382,1244,1159,1118,1047,975,742,697;ESI-MS:C19H26NaO3(M+Na)+理论值325.1774,实测值325.1771。
实施例21
以合成式Ⅲ-18化合物为例,其反应方程式如下所示:
在实施例1中,所用的苯甲醛用等摩尔的十一醛替换,反应时间延长至6小时,其他步骤与实施例1相同,得到式Ⅲ-18化合物,dr=1.5:1,其总收率是54%,结构表征数据如下:
小极性产物:1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.39(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.32(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.24(m,1H),6.70(dd,J=16.2Hz,1H),6.60(dd,J=15.6Hz,1H),4.31(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.00(t,J=6.0Hz,1H),1.67-1.58(m,2H),1.56-1.51(m,1H),1.47-1.41(m,1H),1.34(t,J=7.2Hz,5H),1.31-1.26(m,12H),0.88(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ:168.43,136.01,131.12,128.62,128.09,126.67,123.51,77.24,77.03,76.82,68.21,62.22,61.73,31.90,29.58,29.50,29.46,29.32,28.60,26.03,22.68,14.32,14.10;IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3026,2962,2876,1885,1743,1595,1460,1378,1328,1292,1235,1127,1027,970,856,750,695,556;ESI-MS:C23H34KO3(M+K)+理论值397.2140,实测值397.2145。
大极性产物:1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.43(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.34(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.28(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),6.65(s,2H),4.27(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.33(t,J=5.4Hz,1H),1.60-1.56(m,1H),1.54-1.38(m,3H),1.32(t,J=7.2Hz,4H),1.29-1.23(m,13H),0.87(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ:170.02,136.06,133.61,128.64,128.09,126.73,119.54,77.23,77.02,76.81,65.78,61.88,61.06,31.89,29.56,29.44,29.30,29.18,26.65,25.94,22.67,14.14;IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3026,2925,2857,1740,1649,1500,1458,1375,1295,1245,1164,1042,975,920,746.31,697,525;ESI-MS:C23H34KO3(M+K)+理论值397.2140,实测值397.2144。
Claims (6)
1.一种多官能团取代环氧类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:将式Ⅰ所示的α-溴代-α,β-不饱和酯类化合物、式Ⅱ所示的醛完全溶解于有机溶剂中,在催化剂和碱的作用下室温反应,得到式Ⅲ所示的多官能团取代环氧类化合物;
式中R′代表C1~C4烷基;R代表C2~C10烷基、苯基、对甲基苯基、卤代苯基、硝基取代苯基、对甲氧基苯基、1-萘基、2-萘基、2-噻吩基、2-溴-3-吡啶基、2-喹啉基中的任意一种;
上述催化剂是1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯、1,4-二氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷、三乙胺、三苯基膦中的任意一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多官能团取代环氧类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的R代表苯基、对甲基苯基、卤代苯基、硝基取代苯基、对甲氧基苯基、1-萘基、2-萘基、2-噻吩基、2-溴-3-吡啶基、2-喹啉基中的任意一种时,将式Ⅰ所示的α-溴代-α,β-不饱和酯类化合物、式Ⅱ所示的醛完全溶解于有机溶剂中,在催化剂和碱的作用下室温反应2~4小时,得到式Ⅲ所示的多官能团取代环氧类化合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多官能团取代环氧类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的R代表C2~C10烷基时,将式Ⅰ所示的α-溴代-α,β-不饱和酯类化合物、式Ⅱ所示的醛完全溶解于有机溶剂中,在催化剂和碱的作用下室温反应6~8小时,得到式Ⅲ所示的多官能团取代环氧类化合物。
4.根据权利要求1~3任意一项所述的多官能团取代环氧类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的α-溴代-α,β-不饱和酯类化合物与醛、催化剂、碱的摩尔比为1:1.5~2.5:0.1~0.3:1。
5.根据权利要求4所述的多官能团取代环氧类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的催化剂为1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯。
6.根据权利要求1所述的多官能团取代环氧类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的有机溶剂是四氢呋喃、甲醇、乙醇、乙腈、二氧六环、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的任意一种。
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A new [2+3] annulation for highly functionalized dihydrofurans via c-c bond formation;Tomas Hudlicky et al.;《J. Org. Chem.》;19911231;第56卷;4589-4600 * |
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