CN105708900A - 牛蒡子桑叶灵芝复方提取物及其提取方法和在制备降血糖药物方面的应用 - Google Patents
牛蒡子桑叶灵芝复方提取物及其提取方法和在制备降血糖药物方面的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105708900A CN105708900A CN201610065174.5A CN201610065174A CN105708900A CN 105708900 A CN105708900 A CN 105708900A CN 201610065174 A CN201610065174 A CN 201610065174A CN 105708900 A CN105708900 A CN 105708900A
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- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种牛蒡子桑叶灵芝复方提取物的提取方法,其将牛蒡子、桑叶和灵芝加水煎煮1-3次,提取液过滤后浓缩至浸膏状,然后烘干即得。所述牛蒡子、桑叶和灵芝的质量比为1:0.5-2:0.5-2。实验表明:牛蒡子、桑叶、灵芝复方提取物能有效降低四氧嘧啶所致糖尿病小鼠空腹血糖、提高肝糖原水平、降低总胆固醇、降低甘油三酯、降低MDA、升高SOD的作用。证明牛蒡子、桑叶、灵芝复方提取物具有良好的降血糖作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药提取技术领域,具体涉及一种牛蒡子、桑叶、灵芝复方提取物、提取方法及其在制备降血糖药物方面的应用。
背景技术
糖尿病(diabetesmellitus,DM)是一组由多病因引起的以慢性高血糖为特征的代谢性疾病,是由于胰岛素分泌和(或)作用缺陷所引起。长期碳水化合物以及脂肪、蛋白质代谢紊乱可引起多系统损害,导致眼、肾、神经、心脏、血管等组织器官慢性进行性病变、功能减退及衰竭;病情严重或应激时可发生急性严重代谢紊乱,如糖尿病酮症酸中毒(DKA)、高渗高血糖综合征。我国传统医学对糖尿病已有认识,属于“消渴症”范畴,早在公元前2世纪,《皇帝内经》已有论述。糖尿病是由于遗传和环境因素的复合病因引起的临床综合征,但目前其病因和发病机制仍未完全阐明。
糖尿病是常见病、多发病,是严重威胁人类健康的世界性公共卫生问题。目前世界范围内,糖尿病患病率、发病率和糖尿病患者数量急剧上升,据国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)统计:2011年全世界糖尿病患者数已达3.66亿,较2010年的2.85亿增加近30%。近30年来,随着我国经济的高速发展、生活方式西方化和人口老龄化,肥胖率上升,我国糖尿病患病率也呈快速增长趋势:现在成年人糖尿病患病率达9.7%,而糖尿病前期的比例更高达15.5%。更为严重的是我国60%的糖尿病患者未被诊断,而已接受治疗者,糖尿病的控制状况也很不理想。另外,儿童和青少年2型糖尿病的患病率显著增加,目前已成为超重儿童的关键健康问题。
多年来糖尿病的治疗主要应用西药治疗,一般使用胰岛素、磺酰脲类、双胍类、噻唑烷二酮类、α-糖苷酶抑制剂等。其中胰岛素价格昂贵,且易引起低血糖、过敏、胰岛素抵抗等不良反应。磺酰脲类易引起低血糖反应,双胍类药物易引起乳酸酸中毒和胃肠道不良反应。因而寻找高效低毒的降糖药仍是医药专家追求的目标。由于传统中药及天然植物药具有相对安全、作用温和持久和可延缓并发症等优点,不失为寻找降糖新药的一条重要途径,因此开发中药及天然植物药作为降糖药可以提供更广泛的糖尿病治疗药物来源。
发明内容
本发明目的在于克服现有技术缺陷,提供一种牛蒡子、桑叶、灵芝复方提取物及其提取方法。
本发明还公开了上述牛蒡子、桑叶、灵芝复方提取物在制备降血糖药物方面的应用。
本发明还公开了上述牛蒡子、桑叶、灵芝复方提取物在制备糖尿病治疗药物方面的应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种牛蒡子桑叶灵芝复方提取物的提取方法,其将牛蒡子、桑叶和灵芝加水煎煮1-3次,提取液过滤后浓缩至浸膏状,然后烘干即得。
具体的,所述牛蒡子、桑叶和灵芝的质量比优选为1:0.5-2:0.5-2;每次煎煮时,水的添加量优选为牛蒡子、桑叶和灵芝三者质量总和的10-20倍。
进一步的,上述提取方法优选按如下步骤进行:按质量比1:1:1称取牛蒡子、桑叶和灵芝,添加三种药物质量总和15倍的水,煎煮2次;第一次煎煮煮沸后,保持沸腾半小时,再保持温度在80-90℃半小时;过滤,滤渣再次加水进行第二次煎煮,第二次煎煮煮沸后,保持沸腾半小时即可;合并两次滤液,浓缩至浸膏状,用全自动喷雾干燥仪烘干。
采用上述方法提取获得的牛蒡子桑叶灵芝复方提取物。
上述牛蒡子桑叶灵芝复方提取物在制备降血糖药物方面的应用。
上述牛蒡子桑叶灵芝复方提取物在制备糖尿病治疗药物方面的应用。
牛蒡子为菊科植物牛蒡的干燥成熟果实,主产于河北、吉林、辽宁、浙江。秋季果实成熟时采收果序,晒干,打下果实。其药性:辛、苦、寒。归肺胃经,具有疏散风热,宣肺透疹,解毒利咽等功效。本品辛散苦泄,寒能清热,升散之中又有清降之性,能够疏散风热,长于宣肺祛痰,清利咽喉,故风热感冒而见咽喉红肿疼痛痰多不利者常用。本品清泄透散,能透泄热毒而促使疹子透发,用治麻疹不透或透而复隐。本品辛苦性寒,于升浮之中又有清降之性,能外散风热,内解热毒,消肿利咽,用治痈肿疮毒,丹毒,痄腮,喉痹,咽喉肿痛等热毒病症。本品主要含有木脂素类成分和脂肪酸类成分。牛蒡子煎剂能够显著抗肺炎链球菌,水浸剂对多种致病性皮肤真菌有不同程度的抑制作用。牛蒡子具有解热、利尿、抗肿瘤等作用。
桑叶为桑科植物桑的干燥叶,全国大部分地区都产,初霜后采收。本品药性甘、苦、寒。归肺、肝经。具有疏散风热,清肺润燥,平抑肝阳,清肝明目的功效。本品甘寒质轻,轻清疏散,虽疏散风热作用缓和,但又能清肺热、润肺燥,故常用于风热感冒或温病初起,温热犯肺,发热、咽痒、咳嗽等症。本品苦寒清泄肺热,甘寒凉润肺燥,可用于肺热或燥热伤肺,咳嗽痰少,色黄而黏稠或干咳少痰,咽痒等症。本品苦寒,兼入肝经,有平抑肝阳之效,故可用治肝阳上亢、头痛眩晕、头重脚轻。本品既疏散风热,又苦寒入肝能清泄肝热,且甘润益阴以名目,故常用治风热上攻、肝火上炎所致目赤、涩痛、多泪。此外,本品尚可凉血、止血用治血热妄行之咳血、吐血。其主要含有黄酮类成分、甾体类成分、香豆素类成分。桑叶煎剂在体外能够抑制金黄色葡萄球菌、乙型溶血性链球菌等致病菌,煎剂还具有抑制钩端螺旋体的作用。
灵芝为多孔菌科真菌赤芝或紫芝的干燥子实体。全国大部分地区均产。全年采收,除去杂质,剪去附有朽木、泥沙或培养基质的下端菌柄,阴干或在40~50℃烘干。生用。灵芝药性甘,平。归心、肺、肝、肾经。具有补气安神,止咳平喘的功效。本品味甘性平,入心经,能补心血、益心气、安心神,宜于气血不足、心神失养之心神不宁,失眠,惊悸,多梦,健忘,体倦神疲。本品味甘,入肺经,能补益肺肾之气,止咳平喘。本品味甘补气,用治虚劳短气,不思饮食。灵芝主要含有30余种灵芝多糖、130余种三萜类化合物,多种核苷、氨基酸、甾醇、生物碱及微量元素等多种成分。灵芝多糖具有广泛的免疫调节活性,能提高机体免疫活性。灵芝多糖、灵芝子实体、灵芝孢子中分离出来的三萜类化合物具有抗肿瘤作用。灵芝中的蛋白多糖具有抗病毒的活性,与酸结合的灵芝多糖具有抗孢疹病毒HSV-1和HSV-2的活性,灵芝三萜类化合物还能抗HIV。甲醇萃取灵芝得到的酚类化合物及灵芝氨基多糖G009具有抗氧化、抗衰老作用。灵芝多糖具有保肝、提高耐缺氧能力。另外灵芝能降低血液粘度,增加心肌收缩力,增加冠脉血流量和心输出量,改善心率;还可以抗放射线和有毒化学物质对机体的损害,具有镇静、镇痛作用,延长睡眠时间、改善睡眠质量,能平喘、止咳、祛痰及治疗慢性支气管炎等。
本发明以四氧嘧啶诱导小鼠胰岛B细胞损伤,造成糖尿病模型后,以牛蒡子、桑叶、灵芝复方提取物给小鼠灌胃,检测小鼠血清中的血糖值、血清甘油三酯(TG)值、总胆固醇(TCH)值、丙二醛(MDA)值、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)值和肝糖原值。实验表明:牛蒡子、桑叶、灵芝复方提取物具有降低四氧嘧啶所致小鼠高血糖的空腹血糖值,降低小鼠总胆固醇、降低小鼠甘油三酯、降低小鼠MDA,升高小鼠SOD、升高小鼠肝糖原水平。说明本发明牛蒡子、桑叶、灵芝复方提取物具有很好的降血糖作用,可用于制备糖尿病治疗药物。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步地详细介绍,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此。
实施例1
一种牛蒡子桑叶灵芝复方提取物的提取方法,包括如下步骤:称取牛蒡子、桑叶和灵芝各500g,添加三种药物质量总和15倍的水(约22.5L),煎煮2次;第一次煎煮煮沸后,保持沸腾半小时,再保持温度在80-90℃半小时;过滤,滤渣再次加水进行第二次煎煮,第二次煎煮煮沸后,保持沸腾半小时即可;合并两次滤液,浓缩至浸膏状,用全自动喷雾干燥仪烘干,即得。
实施例2
牛蒡子、桑叶、灵芝复方提取物的药效实验
方法:小鼠四氧嘧啶糖尿病模型
原理:四氧嘧啶(Alloxan)是胰岛细胞毒剂,可选择性的损伤多种动物的胰岛细胞,引起糖尿病。由于其造模方法简便,形成率高,是最常用的糖尿病动物模型。对于四氧嘧啶所致小鼠糖尿病模型的稳定性研究中,主要是通过四氧嘧啶溶液,在注射后所致糖尿病,一定时间内检测小鼠血清中的血糖值。糖尿病时,反映过去1-2周平均血糖水平量会升高。同时,机体内糖原合成过程中的某些酶活性低下,糖原合成减少,表现为肝糖原含量减少。另外,糖尿病同时可造成组织氧化损伤,表现为肝组织中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)降低和丙二醛(MDA)含量的升高。还可引起脂类代谢障碍,表现为血清甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(TCH)的升高。
仪器:UV一2000型紫外可见分光光度计(尤尼柯上海仪器有限公司),
旋转蒸发仪R-1010(郑州长城科工贸有限公司),
多功能粉碎机型号:600Y(铂欧五金厂),
实验室型喷雾干燥仪(SD-06上海易智科技发展有限公司)
GS一H1型混合器(北京博励阳科技公司),
LRH一150生化培养箱(上海一恒科技有限公司),
MultiskanGo全波长酶标仪(ThermofisherscientificoyRatastie2,F1-01620vantaa,Finland)
TGL一16gR型高速冷冻离心机(上海安亭科学仪器厂),
PowerGen125组织匀浆机(FisherScientific),及各种规格移液器等。
试剂:葡萄糖测定试剂盒(上海荣盛生物技术有限公司,批号20150804147),
GLu标准品(南京建成生物工程研究所),
甘油三酯测定试剂盒(浙江东瓯诊断产品有限公司,批号:2015080021),
总胆固醇测定试剂盒(浙江东瓯诊断产品有限公司,批号:2015060033),
SOD试剂盒(南京建成生物工程研究所,批号:20151111),
肝糖原/肌糖原试剂盒(南京建成生物工程研究所,批号:20151113),
丙二醛(MDA)测试盒(南京建成生物工程研究所,批号:20151113)。
实验方法:
雄性小鼠(22±2g)喂养一周,适应环境后,分组染色,禁食不禁水10h,随机分组,空白对照组10只,另一组为糖尿病造模组。糖尿病造模组于禁食不禁水10小时后按80mg/kg一次性尾静脉注射四氧嘧啶致糖尿病。96小时后禁食不禁水12h,称重、眼眶静脉取血,分离血清。以血糖值大于16.7mmol/L作为成功造模的标准,根据血糖值均衡原则将造模成功的分6组,每组10只。分别为:高剂量组(800mg/kg)、中剂量组(400mg/kg)、低剂量组(200mg/kg)、模型组、阿卡波糖阳性对照组(75mg/kg)和二甲双胍阳性对照组(195mg/mg)。模型组和空白对照组灌胃水溶液,其他实验组用水配置成相应浓度的水溶液。灌胃给药,一天给药1次,连续给药7天。于末次给药后2h眼眶取血测餐后血糖水平,并于当晚禁食不禁水12h,第8d摘取眼球取血,分离血清,放置于冰箱(0~3℃)保存,用于测定给药后空腹血糖、TG、TCH、MDA和SOD。处死动物,取肝脏并称重,并制备肝糖原测定液,用于测定肝糖原的含量。
数据处理采用统计软件SPSS19.0对实验结果进行统计学处理,所有数据采用±s表示,在0.05水平上,以One-wayANOVA分析各组别之间的显著性差异,两组均数比较采用t检验。
结果:
(1)牛蒡子、桑叶、灵芝复方提取物对小鼠空腹血糖、餐后血糖的影响见表1,表中显示:高、中剂量组与模型组相比,空腹血糖值下降,并且有显著性差异(p<0.05),说明高、中剂量有降低小鼠空腹血糖的作用。
注:阿卡波糖、二甲双胍为阳性对照药,与空白组相比:#p<0.05,##p<0.01,###p<0.001.与模型组相比:*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001。
(2)牛蒡子、桑叶、灵芝复方提取物对小鼠肝糖原的影响见表2,表中显示:该复方提取物低剂量组能提高肝糖原的水平,低剂量组与模型组相比有显著性差异(p<0.05)。说明该复方提取物小剂量能提高肝糖原的水平。
表2对小鼠肝糖原的影响
注:阿卡波糖、二甲双胍为阳性对照药,与空白组相比:#p<0.05,##p<0.01,###p<0.001.与模型组相比:*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001。
(3)牛蒡子、桑叶、灵芝复方提取物对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠的血脂影响见表3,结果显示:高、中、低剂量组均能降低总胆固醇水平,且与模型组相比均表现出显著性差别(p<0.05);说明牛蒡子、桑叶、灵芝复方提取物能够显著降低总胆固醇的水平。高、中、低剂量组都能降低甘油三脂水平,其中高、低剂量组与模型组相比有非常显著性差异(p<0.01);中剂量组与模型组相比有显著性差异(p<0.05)。说明牛蒡子、桑叶、灵芝复方提取物能够降低小鼠甘油三酯的水平。表明牛蒡子、桑叶、灵芝复方提取物对糖尿病引起的血脂异常有一定治疗作用。
表3对小鼠总胆固醇和甘油三酯的影响
注:阿卡波糖、二甲双胍为阳性对照药,与空白组相比:#p<0.05,##p<0.01,###p<0.001.与模型组相比:*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001。
(4)牛蒡子、桑叶、灵芝复方提取物对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠的氧化能力影响见表4,结果显示:高、中剂量组能降低小鼠MDA水平,且高剂量组与模型组相比有非常显著性差异(p<0.01);中剂量组与模型组相比有显著性差异(p<0.05)。说明该样品高、中剂量都能够降低小鼠MDA水平。高、中、低剂量组样品均能提高小鼠SOD含量,并且高、中剂量组与模型组相比有非常显著性差异(p<0.01);低剂量组与模型组相比有极显著性差异(p<0.001)。说明该样品能够提高小鼠SOD的含量。表明牛蒡子、桑叶、灵芝提取物有一定的抗氧化作用,可以治疗糖尿病相关的氧化损伤。
表4对小鼠MDA和SOD的影响
注:阿卡波糖、二甲双胍为阳性对照药,与空白组相比:#p<0.05,##p<0.01,###p<0.001.与模型组相比:*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001。
最后所应说明的是以上实施例仅用以说明,而非限制本发明的技术方案,尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解依然可以对本发明进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明的精神和范围的任何修改或局部替换,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (6)
1.一种牛蒡子桑叶灵芝复方提取物的提取方法,其特征在于,将牛蒡子、桑叶和灵芝加水煎煮1-3次,提取液过滤后浓缩至浸膏状,然后烘干即得。
2.如权利要求1所述牛蒡子桑叶灵芝复方提取物的提取方法,其特征在于,所述牛蒡子、桑叶和灵芝的质量比为1:0.5-2:0.5-2;每次煎煮时水的添加量为牛蒡子、桑叶和灵芝三者质量总和的10-20倍。
3.如权利要求2所述牛蒡子桑叶灵芝复方提取物的提取方法,其特征在于,按质量比1:1:1称取牛蒡子、桑叶和灵芝,添加三种药物质量总和15倍的水,煎煮2次;第一次煎煮煮沸后,保持沸腾半小时,再保持温度在80-90℃半小时;过滤,滤渣再次加水进行第二次煎煮,第二次煎煮煮沸后,保持沸腾半小时即可;合并两次滤液,浓缩至浸膏状,用全自动喷雾干燥仪烘干。
4.采用权利要求1至3任一所述方法提取获得的牛蒡子桑叶灵芝复方提取物。
5.权利要求4所述牛蒡子桑叶灵芝复方提取物在制备降血糖药物方面的应用。
6.权利要求4所述牛蒡子桑叶灵芝复方提取物在制备糖尿病治疗药物方面的应用。
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