CN105707483A - Feed for beef cattle and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Feed for beef cattle and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105707483A CN105707483A CN201610245124.5A CN201610245124A CN105707483A CN 105707483 A CN105707483 A CN 105707483A CN 201610245124 A CN201610245124 A CN 201610245124A CN 105707483 A CN105707483 A CN 105707483A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses feed for beef cattle.The feed is prepared from, by weight, 40-50 parts of silage corn, 5-15 parts of mulberry branch powder, 5-10 parts of alfalfa, 1-6 parts of oat grass, 4-10 parts of soybean meal, 5-15 parts of distillers' grains, 5-10 parts of corn flour, 1-5 parts of wheat bran, 10-20 parts of rice bran, 10-15 parts of shrimp shell meal, 5-10 parts of fishbone powder, 4-10 parts of locust tree flowers, 5-10 parts of herba taraxaci, 1-2 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.5-1.0 part of sodium bicarbonate, 0.2-0.5 part of slat, 0.5-1.0 part of tea polyphenol and 0.05-0.2 part of tea saponin.According to the feed, the pH value and NH3-H concentration of the beef cattle rumen can be significantly decreased, the microbial protein yield of the beef cattle rumen is increased, the protozoon quantity of the beef cattle rumen can be significantly inhibited, and the protein content of beef can be significantly increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to animal feeding-stuff field, particularly relate to a kind of meat cattle feed and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Ruminate and refer to that the food return of half digestion under one's belt is chewed after after a while by feed the most again.Ruminant
Be exactly the animal ruminating phenomenon, it is common that some herbivores because the fiber of plant to be comparison heavy.Ruminant
Search for food general the most hasty, particularly roughage, major part just swallows entrance cud without fully chewing, soak through rumen bypass and
After softening a period of time, food comes back to oral cavity through inverse vomitting, and through chewing again, is again mixed into saliva and swallows entrance cud again.
Containing a kind of rumen metabolism in the cud of ruminant, originate essentially from each antibacterial in the nitrogen source of protozoon, protozoon quantity
Minimizing can make bacterial number increase by 3 times, and therefore along with the minimizing then pre biooxidation of protozoon number is to increase, the increase of bacterial number is then
Contribute to the fermentation of substrate in rumen fluid, more tropina can be provided for animal simultaneously, make animal obtain more nutrition.
The material such as fodder cellulose, protein is fermented by ruminant tumor gastric microorganism provides energy for body, but produces first simultaneously
The material such as alkane, ammoniacal nitrogen.
The food direct oral cavity esophagus that ruminant eats initially enters cud, and antibacterial, protozoon and fungus etc. in cud are by food
60%-70% protein, aminoacid, starch, steatolysis ferments, and a part is absorbed by the micro-organisms, and a part is produced in fermentation
The raw material such as methane, ammoniacal nitrogen, not only causes fodder energy loss but also to causing environmental pollution.Only 30%-40% nutrition
Material can enter small intestinal by cud and directly be absorbed, so the Animal nutrition scholar of various countries is constantly by various technique study
Rumen bypass feed technology.
Beef cattle tea saponin, also known as theasaponin, is a kind of pentacyclic triterpene extracted from Camellia sinensis seed (camellia oleosa seed, tea-seed) sugar
Glycoside compound, is made up of 7 kinds of aglucons, 4 kinds of sugared bodies and 2 kinds of organic carboxyl acids.Tea saponin can be able to be divided into according to its chemical constitution
Triterpenoid saponin and the big class of steroid saponin two.The ruscogenin of triterpenoid saponin is made up of 30 carbon atoms, and basic carbon skeleton is oleanane
(oleanane) during, triterpenoid saponin is primarily present in the plants such as pulse family, Araliaceae, Carrot family, Cucurbitaceae;Steroid saponin
Ruscogenin is made up of 27 carbon atoms, and basic carbon skeleton is spirostane (spirostane) and different spiral street alkane
(isospirostane)。
Tea saponin is milky or faint yellow solid amorphous powder, and fusing point is 223~224.Tea saponin sterling be insoluble in cold water,
Absolute methanol, dehydrated alcohol, insoluble in organic solvents such as petroleum ether, ether, acetone, benzene, be slightly dissolved in warm water, Carbon bisulfide,
Acetic acid acetic anhydride, is soluble in hot water, aqueous methanol, aquiferous ethanol, n-butyl alcohol and glacial acetic acid, acetic anhydride and pyridine, at diluted alkaline water
In solution, dissolubility substantially increases.Tea saponin is a kind of natural nonionic surfactant, have emulsifying, disperse, foam,
The pharmacological actions such as moistening isoreactivity effect and antiinflammatory, impermeabilisation, analgesia.Tea saponin is widely used to pesticide producing, chemical industry
The aspect such as industry, animal cultivation.Pesticide aspect, tea saponin can as the wetting agent of pesticide, suspending agent, synergist and cosolvent etc.,
And can use directly as Pure natural nontoxic biological pesticide;In terms of chemical industry, due to the surface-active action of tea saponin,
It uses mainly as foaming agent, emulsifying agent and cleaning agent etc..Tea saponin can be used as ruminant tumor gastric fermentation control agent, improves
Ruminant production performance.
The protein of beef not only content is big, and also quality is high, and composition of amino acid is close to people, and people almost can be by 100 after ingesting
% absorbs.When fat people loses weight, protein can not be lacked, and beef can supplement high-quality protein, the most not
There is too many heat, the beef that protein content is high, it is more beneficial for people to lose weight.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art to provide a kind of meat cattle feed, can significantly reduce beef cattle cud
PH, NH3-N concentration, can significantly improve the protein content of beef.
The two of the purpose of the present invention are to provide the preparation method of this meat cattle feed.
The technical scheme is that a kind of meat cattle feed, in terms of weight fraction, be made up of following raw material:
Silagecorn 40-50 part, Ramulus Mori powder 5-15 part, Alfalfa 5-10 part, Herba avenae fatuae 1-6 part, bean cake 4-10 part,
Distiller grains 5-15 part, Semen Maydis powder 5-10 part, Testa Tritici 1-5 part, Testa oryzae 10-20 part, shrimp shell meal 10-15 part, fishbone powder 5-10
Part, sophora flower 4-10 part, Herba Taraxaci 5-10 part, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1-2 part, sodium bicarbonate 0.5-1.0 part, Sal 0.2-0.5
Part, tea polyphenols 0.5-1.0 part, tea saponin 0.05-0.2 part.
Wherein said silagecorn preferred 45-50 part.
Wherein said Ramulus Mori powder preferred 10-15 part.
Wherein said distiller grains are distillers ' grains, form with several pure grains fermentations such as Sorghum vulgare Pers., Semen Maydis, Fructus Hordei Vulgaris, have comfortable
The taste of fermented cereal, somewhat roasting fragrant and malty, it is possible not only to reduce feed cost, and have certain rush to eat to beef cattle,
Food calling effect, preferably 5-10 part.
Wherein said sophora flower preferred 6-9 part.
Wherein said tea polyphenols preferred 0.5-0.8 part.
Wherein said tea saponin preferred 0.05-0.1 part, saponin weight content >=60%.
Wherein said tea polyphenols is (5-10) with the weight proportion of tea saponin: 1.
Wherein said Ramulus Mori powder preferably ferments, and fermentation process is as follows:
(1) in terms of weight fraction, by 100 parts of Ramulus Mori powder, saccharomyces cerevisiae 0.05-0.09 part, aspergillus niger 0.1-0.2 are added
Part, lignin-degrading bacteria and cellulose-degrading bacteria compound bacterial strain 0.4-0.5 part, puddle, and the water adding 60-70 part stirs
Mix uniformly;
(2) then the mixture being stirred is filled in container, seals anaerobic fermentation 3-7 days.
Wherein the compounding part by weight of step (1) lignin-degrading bacteria and cellulose-degrading bacteria is 1:(1.6-2.5).
The preparation method of meat cattle feed of the present invention, it mainly comprises the steps:
(1) silagecorn, Alfalfa and Herba avenae fatuae are ground into broken section of a length of 15mm-25mm;
(2) the various raw material of feedstuff is weighed;
(3) equal increments method mix homogeneously is pressed.
Can be with Direct-fed after mix homogeneously, it is also possible to mixed mixture is added water and is pressed into pie or cubed feed.
Equal increments method operational approach is: takes the component that the amount of component in a small amount and equivalent is big, is concurrently placed in mixing machinery mixing
Uniformly, adding the component mix homogeneously that the amount of same mixture equivalent is big, such times amount is increased up adding the component that whole amount is big
Till.
Prove through inventor's lot of experiments, if step (1) silagecorn, Alfalfa and Herba avenae fatuae pulverizing are too short meticulous,
Accelerate feedstuff Negotiation speed in cud, not only reduce the digestibility of feedstuff, and cow, ewe cannot be met to having
The demand of effect fiber, thus animal health is had a negative impact;Silagecorn, Alfalfa and Herba avenae fatuae are long, and cattle chews not
Convenient, and simply fall out hopper, cause waste.
The part material that the present invention uses is described as follows:
Tea polyphenols: be the general name of Polyphenols of Tea, including flavanol compound, anthocyanin class, flavonoid, flavonols and
Phenolic acids etc..
Tea saponin: have another name called TS, is by the class candy glycoside compound extracted in Camellia sinensis seed (camellia oleosa seed, tea-seed),
A kind of natural surfactant of good performance, it can be widely applied to light industry, chemical industry, pesticide, feedstuff, cultivate, weave,
The fields such as oil recovery, mining, building materials and expressway construction.
Beneficial effects of the present invention is as follows:
(1) cow rumen pH value, NH can be significantly reduced3-N concentration, but all at normal physiologic range;Significantly improve beef cattle
Microbial nitrogen supply;
(2) beef cattle rumen metabolism quantity can be significantly inhibited;
(3) content of protein in beef is improved.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, embodiment of the present invention are described in detail, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that
The following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1-14
Table 1 is embodiment 1-12, comparative example 1-4 is used raw material and quality, unit is kg.
Comparative example 1 is to eliminate tea polyphenols on the basis of embodiment 6, and comparative example 2 is to eliminate on the basis of embodiment 6
Tea saponin, in comparative example 3, tea polyphenols used and the weight proportion of tea saponin are at (5-10): outside 1, and comparative example 4 is to implement
Eliminating sophora flower on the basis of example 12, tea saponin saponin content used is 70%.
Table 1
Table 2
Above example, comparative example feedstuff preparation method as follows:
(1) silagecorn, Alfalfa and Herba avenae fatuae are ground into broken section of a length of 20mm;
(2) the various raw material of feedstuff is weighed;
(3) equal increments method mix homogeneously is pressed.
Wherein embodiment 6 is identical with the formula of embodiment 1, and difference is the Ramulus Mori powder of embodiment 6 by fermentation, Qi Zhongshi
Executing example 7 identical with the formula of embodiment 12, difference is the Ramulus Mori powder of embodiment 12 by fermentation,
Fermentation process is as follows:
(1) by 10 parts of Ramulus Mori powder, saccharomyces cerevisiae 0.007 part, aspergillus niger 0.02 part, lignin-degrading bacteria and fibre are added
Dimension element degradation bacteria compounds bacterial strain 0.05 part, puddles, and the water adding 6-7 part stirs;
(2) then the mixture being stirred is filled in container, seals anaerobic fermentation 6 days.
Wherein the compounding part by weight of step (1) lignin-degrading bacteria and cellulose-degrading bacteria is 1:2.
Feed efficiency test method of the present invention is as follows:
Test period and place:
Test and carry out in vaccary, Beijing to JIUYUE in May, 2015.
Experimental animal: He Sitan beef cattle.
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN and feeding and management method:
According to beef cattle according to age in days, body weight, health status, principle that sex ratio is identical, it is randomly divided into 16 groups, often group
15, feed the feedstuff of embodiment 1-12 and comparative example 1-4 respectively, three times a day.
Test beef cattle feeding pattern is free choice feeding, drinking-water, freely-movable, dissipates formula management.Test cattle 7:30 every day,
14:30,21:30 feed.Through trial test in 14 days before formal test, trial test starts formal test after terminating, and just tries the phase
35 days, totally 49 days whole experimental period.Raising first 1 hour morning after every 7 days in just trying the phase and gather rumen fluid, numbering is respectively
1#, 2#, 3#, 4#, 5#.With oral cavity samplers sample rumen fluid, after 4 layers of filtered through gauze, subpackage is stored in liquid nitrogen, by rumen fluid
It is saved in-80 DEG C.
Feedstuff is shown in Table 3 to the result of the test that affects of beef cattle ruminal pH value:
Table 3
1# | 2# | 3# | 4# | 5# | |
Embodiment 1 | 6.43 | 6.45 | 6.44 | 6.46 | 6.45 |
Embodiment 2 | 6.45 | 6.46 | 6.47 | 6.45 | 6.45 |
Embodiment 3 | 6.45 | 6.44 | 6.46 | 6.46 | 6.45 |
Embodiment 4 | 6.35 | 6.33 | 6.32 | 6.34 | 6.34 |
Embodiment 5 | 6.46 | 6.44 | 6.44 | 6.45 | 6.45 |
Embodiment 6 | 6.40 | 6.38 | 6.36 | 6.36 | 6.37 |
Embodiment 7 | 6.45 | 6.43 | 6.42 | 6.44 | 6.43 |
Embodiment 8 | 6.37 | 6.35 | 6.36 | 6.37 | 6.37 |
Embodiment 9 | 6.46 | 6.45 | 6.43 | 6.45 | 6.45 |
Embodiment 10 | 6.35 | 6.34 | 6.36 | 6.36 | 6.36 |
Embodiment 11 | 6.36 | 6.35 | 6.36 | 6.36 | 6.37 |
Embodiment 12 | 6.36 | 6.35 | 6.34 | 6.35 | 6.36 |
Comparative example 1 | 6.47 | 6.45 | 6.47 | 6.46 | 6.47 |
Comparative example 2 | 6.77 | 6.75 | 6.76 | 6.77 | 6.76 |
Comparative example 3 | 6.50 | 6.48 | 6.47 | 6.48 | 6.48 |
Comparative example 4 | 6.44 | 6.43 | 6.43 | 6.44 | 6.43 |
As can be seen from the above results, feedstuff of the present invention can significantly reduce ruminal pH value.
Feedstuff of the present invention is to beef cattle cud ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) impact the results are shown in Table 4, mg/100mL.
Table 4
From table 4, comparative example is compared, and each embodiment beef cattle cud NH3-N concentration all significantly reduces, from embodiment 1, real
Execute the data of example 6 and embodiment 7 and embodiment 12 it can be seen that Ramulus Mori powder formula by fermentation, beef cattle cud NH3-N
Concentration reduction becomes apparent from.From the data of comparative example 4 and embodiment 12 it can be seen that added with the formula of sophora flower, NH3-N concentration
Beef cattle cud is lower.
Feedstuff of the present invention is shown in Table 5, mg/mL to the impact of beef cattle rumen microbial protein.
Table 5
From table 5, comparative example is compared, and each embodiment significantly improves microprotein (MCP), and MCP is ruminant master
The nitrogen source supplier wanted, is provided that the nitrogen source of the 40%-80% needed for Animal nutrition is measured.Therefore, microprotein metabolism is good
The bad Nutrition and Metabolism level determining rumen microflora.In rumen microorganism, antibacterial may utilize rumen zymosis Product formation
MCP, enters abomasum with chyme and provides more than half required ruminant albumen for body.From embodiment 1, embodiment 6 He
The data of embodiment 7 and embodiment 12 are it can be seen that Ramulus Mori powder formula by fermentation, and it is more that MCP amount improves.
From the data of comparative example 4 and embodiment 12 it can be seen that added with the formula of sophora flower, it is more that MCP amount improves.
Remove protozoon, the rumen zymosis effect of protein can be reduced, increase the utilization ratio of protein.Feedstuff of the present invention is to tumor
The impact of stomach protozoon quantity is shown in Table 6, unit %.
Table 6
Compared with comparative example, each embodiment all significantly reduces the quantity of rumen metabolism.From embodiment 1, embodiment 6 and reality
Executing the data of example 7 and embodiment 12 it can be seen that Ramulus Mori powder formula by fermentation, the quantity of rumen metabolism is lower.
Rumen metabolism phagocytosis antibacterial accounts for the leading position of rumen microorganism relation, and its self-dissolving and die, it is impossible to provide for host
A large amount of microproteins, remove protozoon more favourable to the digestion of beef cattle.
In order to further illustrate the using value of the present invention, after cud test is carried out 49 days, continue to feed 3 months, examination
Test and the results are shown in Table 7.
Table 7
Having result above it can be seen that feed the feedstuff of the present invention, average daily gain improves, and beef protein content improves,
Fat decreases, and improves the rate of animals delivered to the slaughter-house of beef cattle, reduces about 15% through measuring and calculating feeding cost.
The assay method of rumen zymosis index:
PH value: measure rumen fluid pH value with portable pH analyzer after 4 layers of filtered through gauze of rumen fluid.
Rumen fluid NH3-N concentration: use spectrophotometer method, measures according to the method for Broderich and Kang and is specifically shown in
Document: HU W, LIU J, WU Y, et al.Effects of tea saponins in vitro ruminal fermentation
and growth performance in growing Boer goat[J].Archives of animal
nutrition,2006(1):89-97。
(2) microprotein yield method of testing:
NH4H2PO4(0.2M): weigh the NH of 23g4H2PO4It is dissolved in the distilled water of 800mL, constant volume to 1000mL.
The distilled water of pH=2: take a small amount of sulphuric acid and be dissolved in distilled water so that it is pH=2.
AgNO3Solution: weigh the AgNO of 3.3974g3It is dissolved in the distilled water of 30mL, constant volume to 50mL.
HClO4(0.6M) solution: by the HClO of 10mL4(12M) distilled water is added to 200mL.
HCl (0.5M): 40mL HCl (37%) is dissolved in the distilled water of 960mL.
Rumen fluid MCP concentration uses colorimetric method for determining.Step is as follows:
1) the most accurately weigh 5,15,25,35,45,55mg yeast rna put to l0mL centrifuge tube, add 2mL
0.6mol/L HClO4, cool down after water-bath 1h in 95 DEG C.
2) NH of 6mL 28.5mmol/L is added4H2PO4Solution, in 4 DEG C after water-bath 15min cooling in 95 DEG C,
Centrifugal 10min under the conditions of 3000g.
3) supernatant taking 1.6mL adds the NH of 6mL 0.2mol/L4H2PO4Solution, adjusts molten with 85% phosphoric acid simultaneously
The pH value of liquid so that it is pH2~3.
4) take the 3.8mL solution after adjusting pH value, add the AgNO of 0.2mL 0.4mol/L to it3Solution, the most mixed
After even 4 DEG C of lucifuges overnight.
5) at 4 DEG C, centrifugal 10min under conditions of 3000g, the abandoning supernatant distilled water flushing of 8mL pH=2 sinks
Form sediment, at 4 DEG C, under the conditions of 3000g after 10min abandoning supernatant.
6) in precipitation, add the HCl solution of 5mL 0.5mol/L, after mixing in 95 DEG C after water-bath 30min,
Centrifugal 10min. under the conditions of 3000g.
7) make reference with 0.5mol/L HCl solution, supernatant utilizes ultra-violet and visible spectrophotometer at 260nm UV
Colorimetric is carried out under lamp.Standard curve is made according to absorbance.
8) take 8mL rumen fluid respectively to put to 3 10mL centrifuge tubes, in 4 DEG C, centrifugal 20min under the conditions of 20000g
After discard supernatant, add 2.104mL 0.6mol/L HClO4Solution, cools down after water-bath 1h in 95 DEG C.
9) operate according to step 2-6.
10) using 0.5mol/L HCl solution as reference, colorimetric under 260nm, according to absorbance and standard curve
Obtain the microprotein content in rumen fluid.
11) according to below equation calculating Microbial protein production:
In microprotein (MCP, mg/L)=RNA measured value (mg/mL) × RNA nitrogen content (17.83%)/antibacterial nitrogen, RNA contains
Nitrogen quantity (10%) × 6.25/ volume (mL).
Claims (10)
1. a meat cattle feed, it is characterised in that in terms of weight fraction, is made up of following raw material: silagecorn 40-50
Part, Ramulus Mori powder 5-15 part, Alfalfa 5-10 part, Herba avenae fatuae 1-6 part, bean cake 4-10 part, distiller grains 5-15 part, Semen Maydis
Powder 5-10 part, Testa Tritici 1-5 part, Testa oryzae 10-20 part, shrimp shell meal 10-15 part, fishbone powder 5-10 part, sophora flower 4-10 part,
Herba Taraxaci 5-10 part, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1-2 part, sodium bicarbonate 0.5-1.0 part, Sal 0.2-0.5 part, tea polyphenols 0.5-1.0
Part, tea saponin 0.05-0.2 part.
Meat cattle feed the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described silagecorn is 45-50 part.
Meat cattle feed the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described Ramulus Mori powder is 10-15 part.
Meat cattle feed the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described distiller grains are distillers ' grains, consumption distiller grains are 5-10
Part.
Meat cattle feed the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described sophora flower is 6-9 part.
Meat cattle feed the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described tea polyphenols is 0.5-0.8 part.
Meat cattle feed the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described tea saponin is 0.05-0.1 part, saponin weight
Content >=60%.
Meat cattle feed the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described tea polyphenols with the weight proportion of tea saponin is
(5-10): 1.
Meat cattle feed the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described Ramulus Mori powder will by fermentation, fermentation side
Method is as follows:
(1) in terms of weight fraction, by 100 parts of Ramulus Mori powder, saccharomyces cerevisiae 0.05-0.09 part, aspergillus niger 0.1-0.2 are added
Part, lignin-degrading bacteria and cellulose-degrading bacteria compound bacterial strain 0.4-0.5 part, puddle, and the water adding 60-70 part stirs
Mix uniformly;
(2) then the mixture being stirred is filled in container, seals anaerobic fermentation 3-7 days;
Wherein the compounding part by weight of step (1) lignin-degrading bacteria and cellulose-degrading bacteria is 1:(1.6-2.5).
The preparation method of meat cattle feed the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
(1) silagecorn, Alfalfa and Herba avenae fatuae are ground into broken section of a length of 15mm-25mm;
(2) the various raw material of feedstuff is weighed;
(3) equal increments method mix homogeneously is pressed.
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