CN105706602A - Method for influencing moisture soil nitrogen mineralization characteristics and crop yield by long-term positioned fertilization - Google Patents
Method for influencing moisture soil nitrogen mineralization characteristics and crop yield by long-term positioned fertilization Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for influencing moisture soil nitrogen mineralization characteristics and crop yield by long-term positioned fertilization. By means of in-situ field and anion-cation exchange resin process, the influence of long-term application of nitrogen fertilizer and supportive phosphorus potassium fertilizer upon non-calcareous moisture soil nitrogen in-situ field mineralization characteristics, crop nitrogen absorption and crop yield is studied, and a relation of the influence with crop nitrogen absorption and crop yield is studied; total nitrogen of soil and plants is measured by Kjeldahl determination, NO3<->-N and NH4<+>-N in soil and ion exchange resin bags are extracted with KCl solution, and after filtering, determinations are made respectively by means of dual-wavelength ultraviolet spectrometry and Nessler's reagent colorimetry. Theoretical basis is provided for the sustainable development of a soil nitrogen nutrition bank, controlling of soil nitrogen supply in this area and achievement of high crop yield.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural industry technical field, particularly relate to a kind of long-term located fertilization to nitrogen in fluvo-aquic soil ore deposit
Change characteristic and the method for crop yield impact.
Background technology
Compared with routine test, long-term located fertilization has the advantages such as time chronicity and the climate representative, i.e.
Evolution of Soil Fertility can be disclosed, evaluate Application techniques, fertilising can be studied again to farmland ecosystem sustainable development
The impact of exhibition.From first, Britain Lausanne Long-term field experiment in 1843, external Long-term field experiment was
There is more than 170 year history, have accumulated abundant scientific research data；But studies in China is started late, there is bigger difference
Away from.Mineralization of nitrogen refers to that SOIL ORGANIC NITROGEN is converted into the process of mineral nitrogen, is that plant obtains the main of mineral nitrogen
Approach, is also that farmland ecosystem soil nitrogen circulates most important process.
Mineralization of nitrogen is the soil key to plant growing supply nitrogen, and nitrogen is crop yield, high yield
Basis, therefore, research Long-term Different Fertilization Soil Under Conditions nitrogen field in situ mineralising and with make produce
Relation between amount is significant.The research method of mineralization of nitrogen can be divided into indoor cultivation method and field former
Position method two kinds.In recent years, the domestic report about long-term fertilization research Mineralization of Soil Nitrogen is more, but research
Result is not the same.Wang Sijia etc. think that fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer join to execute can make soil mineralization rate significantly improve,
Mineralization rate height depends on soil mineral nitrogen content and soil pH；Bai Jiebing, Qin Zixian etc. think, nitrogen is defeated
Enter is to improve N-supply by soils and improve the effective means of nitrogen quality.Additionally, be also related to peanut tectorial
On nitrogen in Yimeng Mountain Areas Mineralization of Soil Nitrogen and the impact of leaching loss, different grassland soil mineralization process in situ
The research of the aspects such as variation characteristic.In general, under Long-term Fertilization, Mineralization of Soil Nitrogen is existing more
Research, but the long-term fertilization Mineralization of Soil Nitrogen research on non-calcareous fluro-aquic soil is rarely seen, and its with absorbed nitrogen by crop,
Relation between yield not yet has been reported that.It addition, the research such as Xu Yangchun shows, indoor drip washing culture experiment training
Support the nitrogen applying Namount apparently higher than the pot experiment soil same period of process mineralising release, it is believed that using mineralising nitrogen
Must be corrected when evaluating Soil Nitrogen Supplying.Therefore, the present invention utilizes and starts from 1978 and continuously not
It is interrupted Laiyang long-term fertilization experiment carried out 38 years, uses field original position-anion-cation exchange resin method,
Research long-term applying nitrogen fertilizer and joining executes phosphorus potash fertilizer to non-calcareous fluro-aquic soil nitrogen field mineralization characteristic and work in situ
Thing inhales nitrogen, the impact of yield, and has probed into the relation between itself and absorbed nitrogen by crop, yield etc., purport further
The sustainable development of soil nitrogen nutrient pool in for this area's farmland ecosystem, regulate and control this regional soil nitrogen
Supply and realize high crop yield and theoretical foundation is provided.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of long-term located fertilization to nitrogen in fluvo-aquic soil mineralization characteristic and crop yield
The method of impact, it is intended to research long-term applying nitrogen fertilizer and join and execute phosphorus potash fertilizer to non-calcareous fluro-aquic soil nitrogen field
Mineralization characteristic and absorbed nitrogen by crop, the impact of yield, study the relation between itself and absorbed nitrogen by crop, yield in situ.
A kind of method that nitrogen in fluvo-aquic soil mineralization characteristic and crop yield are affected by long-term located fertilization, described length
The method that nitrogen in fluvo-aquic soil mineralization characteristic and crop yield are affected by phase located fertilization use field original position-negative and positive from
Sub-exchange resin method, has obtained long-term applying nitrogen fertilizer and has joined and execute phosphorus potash fertilizer to non-calcareous fluro-aquic soil nitrogen field
In situ mineralization characteristic and absorbed nitrogen by crop, the impact of yield and and absorbed nitrogen by crop, yield between relation；Main
Including:
Located fertilization test sets 6 process altogether, repeats for 3 times, and random alignment, 18 communities, each altogether
Plot area 33.3m2, minizone 1.0m is deep, and glass epoxy separates, and does not leaks through with each other and the independent irrigation and drainage of energy；Examination
Testing implementation Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System system, annual 2 make；
Laying field mineralization of nitrogen device in situ, each process repeats for each 3 times；Receive at winter wheat, summer corn
Take out and detect nitrogen content in core and ion exchange resin bag when obtaining, survey at installation aiding device near zone and plough
Layer soil nutrient content makees background value；
Soil, Plant Total Nitrogen use Kjeldahl nitrogen determination, NO in soil, ion exchange resin bag3 --N、
NH4 +-N KCl the solution of 2mol/L extracts, respectively with dual-wavelength ultraviolet spectrophotometry with receive after filtration
Family name's reagent colorimetric method for determining.
Further, the mineralization device pvc pipe by a built-in resin pocket with a Vermiculitum bag forms, resin
The each 25.0g of anion and cation exchange resin in bag, puts two layers of filter paper bottom core, puts ion and hand between filter paper
Changing resin pocket, soil note does not plant crop.
Further, compared with not applying fertilizer for a long time, long-term fertilization makes total soil nitrogen, mineral nitrogen content increase respectively
60.2%～130.9% and 65.4%～307.8%；In the case of executing equivalent nitrogenous fertilizer, NPK combination relatively nitrogenous fertilizer list is executed
Total soil nitrogen is made to reduce by 8.0%～8.6%.
Further, at winter wheat and summer corn Growing season, low nitrogen processes, N1, 138kg N/hm2, net nitrogen mineralization
Amount is respectively 35.2mg/kg and 76.7mg/kg；A large amount nitrogenous fertilizer, N2, 276kg N/hm2, process the clean mineralising of nitrogen
Amount is respectively 76.6mg/kg and 105.4mg/kg, N2Relatively N1Increase by 117.8% and 37.5% respectively, high nitrogen
Join and execute phosphorus potassium, N2PK, N2P, N2K, with N2Nitrogen clean mineralising amount difference is the most notable.
Further, at winter wheat and summer corn Growing season, N2PK processes absorbed nitrogen by crop amount longer-term and does not apply fertilizer point
Zeng Jia by 320.0% and 155.2%；N2Soil apparent leaching loss is the most serious, and NPK combination is conducive to slow nitrogen
Leaching loss；
Compared with not applying fertilizer for a long time, long-term fertilization makes summer corn, winter wheat yields be respectively increased 136%～327%
With 56%～317%；
N2PK summer corn, winter wheat yields are the highest.
Absorbed nitrogen by crop amount calculates according to results ensuing crop each position nitrogen content；Cell production is then passed through in crop yield
Convert；
Soil Nitrogen clean mineralising amount, the clean mineralization rate of Soil Nitrogen, the apparent Leaching loss of 0-20cm soil layer soil nitrogen pass through
Below equation calculates:
Ion exchange resin after core Mineral N amount+cultivation after Soil Nitrogen clean mineralising amount (mg/kg)=cultivation
Soil Mineral N amount before bag Mineral N amount-cultivation；
The clean mineralization rate of Soil Nitrogen (%)=Soil Nitrogen clean mineralising amount/total soil nitrogen amount * 100%；
0-20cm soil layer soil nitrogen apparent Leaching loss (kg/hm2)=
(core Mineral N amount after ion exchange resin bag Mineral N amount+cultivation after cultivation)-(absorbed nitrogen by crop
Amount+crop-planting regional soil mineral nitrogen amount).
The present invention is the sustainable development of soil nitrogen nutrient pool in farmland ecosystem, regulates and controls this regional soil nitrogen
Element is supplied and is realized high crop yield and provides theoretical foundation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the field mineralization of nitrogen device in situ that the embodiment of the present invention provides；
Fig. 2 is the long-term located fertilization summer corn of embodiment of the present invention offer, the Yield mapping of winter wheat；
In figure: 1, resin pocket；2, Vermiculitum bag；3, pvc pipe；4, core.
Detailed description of the invention
For the summary of the invention of the present invention, feature and effect can be further appreciated that, hereby enumerate following example, and
Accompanying drawing is coordinated to describe in detail as follows.
1 materials and methods
1.1 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Long-term fertilization experiment base, Laiyang City Qingdao Agricultural University of Shandong Province Laiyang is located in test, is located in east
Through 120 ° 42 ', north latitude 36 ° 54 ', belong to warm temperate zone semi-moist monsoon climate, average annual temperature 11.2 DEG C, year rainfall
Measure about 780mm, year evaporation capacity about 2000mm, frost-free period 209～243 days.It is non-calcareous for examination soil
Moisture soil, grows in alluviation matrix, the light earth in table soil property ground.Soil plough horizon (0-20cm, lower same) organic matter contains
Amount 4.10g/kg, full nitrogen (N) 0.50g/kg, full phosphorus (P) 0.46g/kg, rapid available phosphorus (P2O5) 15mg/kg,
Available potassium (K2O) 38mg/kg, cation exchange capacity (CEC) 11.80cmol/kg, pH (H2O) it is 6.8.
6 process are set altogether from the test of beginning in autumn in 1978 located fertilization, 3 repetitions, random alignment, altogether 36
Individual community, each plot area 33.3m2, minizone 1.0m is deep, and glass epoxy separates, and does not leaks through with each other and energy
Independent irrigation and drainage.Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System system is carried out in test, and annual 2 make, and winter wheat variety is cigarette excellent 361,
Summer Corn Varieties is beautiful No. 16 of Shandong.The process that this research relates to include not applying fertilizer comparison (CK), singly execute low amounts
(N1) or a large amount (N2) nitrogenous fertilizer, a large amount nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer (N2Or potash fertilizer (N P)2K) join and execute and nitrogen phosphorus
Potassium is joined and is executed (N2PK).Wherein nitrogenous fertilizer carbamide, phosphorus, potash fertilizer calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride, amount of application is shown in
Table 1.
Table 1 test processes dose/(kg hm-2)
Mineralization device is by built-in a resin pocket 1 (each 25.0g of anion and cation exchange resin) and a Vermiculitum
The pvc pipe 3 of bag 2 forms (Fig. 1), puts two layers of filter paper bottom core 4, puts ion and hand between filter paper
Changing resin pocket, soil note does not plant crop.On the basis of being carried out continuously the long term experiment of 37 years, cloth in 2014
If field mineralization of nitrogen device in situ, each process repeats for each 3 times；Take when winter wheat, summer corn results
Go out and detect nitrogen content in core and ion exchange resin bag.Meanwhile, plough in the survey of installation aiding device near zone
Layer soil nutrient content makees background value.
1.2 measure project and method
Soil, Plant Total Nitrogen use Kjeldahl nitrogen determination[12].NO in soil, ion exchange resin bag3 --N、
NH4 +-N KCl the solution of 2mol/L extracts, respectively with dual-wavelength ultraviolet spectrophotometry with receive after filtration
Family name's reagent colorimetric method for determining.
1.3 computing formula and data process
Absorbed nitrogen by crop amount calculates according to results ensuing crop each position nitrogen content；Cell production is then passed through in crop yield
Convert.Soil Nitrogen clean mineralising amount, the clean mineralization rate of Soil Nitrogen, the apparent leaching loss of 0-20cm soil layer soil nitrogen
Amount is calculated by below equation:
Ion exchange resin after core Mineral N amount+cultivation after Soil Nitrogen clean mineralising amount (mg/kg)=cultivation
Soil Mineral N amount before bag Mineral N amount-cultivation；
The clean mineralization rate of Soil Nitrogen (%)=Soil Nitrogen clean mineralising amount/total soil nitrogen amount * 100%；
0-20cm soil layer soil nitrogen apparent Leaching loss (kg/hm2Mineral nitrogen in ion exchange resin bag after)=(cultivation
Core Mineral N amount after nitrogen quantity+cultivation)-(absorbed nitrogen by crop amount+crop-planting regional soil mineral nitrogen amount).
Variance analysis, multiple comparisons method, in table, data are meansigma methods soil standard deviation (n=3), test data
DPS 7.05 is used to carry out statistical analysis.
2 results and analysis
2.1 long-term located fertilizations nitrogen complete on moisture soil, the impact of mineral nitrogen
Continuous 37 years not fertilizer treatment total soil nitrogen minimum (table 2), N1Relatively CK total soil nitrogen is winter wheat
60.2% and 65.4% was significantly improved respectively before season and the plantation of summer corn season；Along with the increase of amount of nitrogen, in soil
Total nitrogen content significantly rises, with N1Compare, N2、N2PK、N2P and N2The full nitrogen of K is in winter wheat season and summer
37.0%～43.5% and 26.2%～38.1% is dramatically increased respectively before the plantation of Semen Maydis season.Mineral nitrogen variation tendency is with complete
Nitrogen is basically identical, N before winter wheat season and summer corn season plant1Relatively CK significantly improves 93.3% He respectively
66.9%, N2、N2PK、N2P、N2K relatively N1Dramatically increase 46.7%～72.0% and 73.3%～145.6% respectively.
In the case of executing equivalent nitrogenous fertilizer, NPK combination (N2PK) (N executed by relatively nitrogenous fertilizer list2) make total soil nitrogen, ore deposit
Matter nitrogen significantly reduces 8.0%～8.6% and 11.4%～29.6% before two seasons cultivated respectively.Use phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer pair
Total soil nitrogen is different with mineral nitrogen content influence degree, and increasing the p application rate makes total soil nitrogen reduce by 4.8%～5.2%,
And Potassium makes total nitrogen content reduce by 2.6%～3.6%, it is seen then that compared with Potassium, increasing the p application rate pair
Soil nitrogen impact is big.
Total soil nitrogen and mineral nitrogen content before table 2 crop-planting
Refer to winter wheat growth season winter wheat season, summer corn season refer to summer corn Growing season；With string difference letter representation 5
Significant difference (P ＜ 0.05) in % level.Table 3-5 is same
The impact of 2.2 long-term located fertilizations mineralising clean on moisture soil nitrogen
The impact of table 3 long-term located fertilization mineralising clean on Soil Nitrogen
Under Long-term Fertilization, between different disposal, Soil Nitrogen clean mineralising amount there are differences (table 3).With CK phase
Ratio, uses low amounts nitrogenous fertilizer (N1) dramatically increase the clean mineralising of Soil Nitrogen, increase winter wheat and summer corn Growing season
Width is respectively 74.7% and 76.7%；Winter wheat and summer corn Growing season a large amount N fertilization (N2、N2PK、
N2P、N2K) relatively low amount nitrogenous fertilizer (N1) process soil clean mineralising amount dramatically increase 109.4%～117.8% respectively
With 31.2%～37.5%；N2PK、N2P、N2K and N2Difference is the most notable.The clean ore deposit of winter wheat season CK soil
Rate is minimum, N1The most notable with CK difference；N2And N2PK、N2P、N2K difference is notable, but than CK,
N1Dramatically increase 51.0%～73.4%.(N between summer corn season fertilizer treatment1、N2、N2PK、N2P、N2K)
Clean mineralization rate difference is not the most notable, but relatively CK dramatically increases 7.2%～12.1%.Different Growing season are compared, CK
And N1Soil clean mineralising amount, clean relatively winter wheat season in mineralization rate summer corn season increase by 132.8%～135.2% and respectively
142.7%～146.3%；N2、N2PK、N2P and N2K increases by 50.7%～56.1% He the most respectively
62.2%～66.4%.
2.3 the impact that crop nitrogen is absorbed by long-term located fertilization
The amount of nitrogen sucking of long term different application of fertilization interrow crop there are differences (table 4).Compared with CK, use low
Amount nitrogenous fertilizer (N1) dramatically increasing winter wheat amount of nitrogen sucking, amplification is 35.3%；N2、N2PK、N2P、N2K is relatively
N1Make winter wheat that nitrogen absorbing amount to dramatically increase 36.0%～210.4%；N2P relatively N2Dramatically increase 50.9%,
And N2K and N2Difference is the most notable；N2PK relatively N2、N2P、N2K dramatically increases 51.2%～128.2%.With
CK compares, N1Summer corn amount of nitrogen sucking is made to dramatically increase 52.1%；N2、N2P、N2K makes summer corn inhale nitrogen
Receipts amount difference is not notable, but relatively N1Dramatically increase 30.9%～40.0%；N2PK relatively N2、N2P、N2K is notable
Increase by 19.6%～27.9%.
The impact that crop nitrogen is absorbed by table 4 long-term located fertilization
The impact on nitrogen in fluvo-aquic soil leaching loss of 2.4 long-term located fertilizations
The table 5 0-20cm apparent Leaching loss of soil layer nitrogen
Under Long-term Fertilization, the 0-20cm apparent pouring of soil layer nitrogen between winter wheat season, summer corn season different disposal
Vector significant difference (table 5).Long-term fertilising causes 0-20cm soil nitrogen for not enough, and Leaching loss is
Negative value.Compared with CK, singly execute low amounts nitrogenous fertilizer (N1) make winter wheat season, the summer corn quaternary nitrogen apparent leaching loss of element
Amount dramatically increases 42.1kg/hm respectively2And 13.6kg/hm2；Along with the increase of amount of nitrogen, Nitrogen In Soils element drenches
Vector significantly rises, N2Relatively N1Apparent Leaching loss dramatically increases 61.1kg/hm respectively2And 64.6kg/hm2。
N2P relatively N2Apparent Leaching loss significantly reduces 32.1kg/hm respectively2And 47.3kg/hm2, and N2K relatively N2Point
Do not significantly reduce 7.3kg/hm2And 23.9kg/hm2。N2PK relatively N2、N2P and N2The apparent Leaching loss of K is respectively
Significantly reduce 63.7～95.8kg/hm2With 62.4～109.7kg/hm2.Visible, NPK combination is the most slow
The apparent leaching loss of 0-20cm soil nitrogen, nitrogen utilization efficiency.
The impact of 2.5 Long Term Located Fertilizers Application On The Crops Yields
Within continuous 37 years, Long-term Different Fertilization makes summer corn, winter wheat yields significant difference (Fig. 2), with for a long time
Do not apply fertilizer (CK) compare, long-term fertilization makes summer corn, winter wheat yields significantly improve 136%～327% respectively
With 56%～317%；NPK combination (N2PK) summer corn, winter wheat yields are the highest, and respectively 9659
kg/hm2、5484kg/hm2.Compared with CK, N1Summer corn, winter wheat yields dramatically increase 167% respectively
With 146%；N2Summer corn, winter wheat yields dramatically increase 136% and 97% the most respectively, but compare N1Show respectively
Write and reduce by 12% and 20%.N2PK makes summer corn, winter wheat yields compare N2Dramatically increase 81% He respectively
111%；N2P compares N2Dramatically increase 51% and 72% respectively；N2K and N2Yield of Summer Corn difference is not notable,
But winter wheat yields compares N2Significantly reduce 21%.Visible, fertilising significantly improves summer corn, winter wheat yields,
But nutritional deficiency fertilising is serious to its yield effect.
In Fig. 2, the large and small mother stock that writes does not represents summer corn, winter wheat yields significant difference in 5% level
(P ＜ 0.05)
2.6 mineralization of nitrogen characteristics and winter wheat, yield of Summer Corn relation
For mineral nitrogen before total soil nitrogen, sowing before determining sowing, nitrogen purify ore deposit amount, crop nitrogen absorbtivity,
Relation between the apparent Leaching loss of 0-20cm soil horizon nitrogen and crop yield, carries out correlation analysis (table to it
6).Result shows, total soil nitrogen before sowing, mineral nitrogen and when quaternary nitrogen purifies equal pole significant correlation between the amount of ore deposit；
Summer corn amount of nitrogen sucking reaches pole significant level with when quaternary nitrogen clean mineralising amount；The apparent Leaching loss of nitrogen and this season amount of nitrogen sucking
All in negative correlation, but the most notable；Summer corn, winter wheat yields and this season amount of nitrogen sucking all pole significant correlations, but
Leaching loss dependency apparent from this season nitrogen is different, and summer corn season is notable negative correlation, winter wheat season then negative
Close the most notable.
Dependency between table 6 mineralization of nitrogen characteristic and winter wheat, yield of Summer Corn
In table, * represents dependency notable P ＜ 0.05；* represents the extremely notable P ＜ 0.01 of dependency.
The present invention uses field original position-ion-exchange-resin process (ISC-IERB) to have studied winter wheat-Xia Yu
Long-term applying nitrogen fertilizer and join the shadow executing phosphorus potash fertilizer to non-calcareous fluro-aquic soil mineralization of nitrogen characteristic under rice rotation system
Ring, and probed into the relation between mineralization of nitrogen characteristic and winter wheat or yield of Summer Corn.Result shows, with
Do not apply fertilizer for a long time (CK) compare, long-term fertilization makes total soil nitrogen, mineral nitrogen content dramatically increase respectively
60.2%～130.9% and 65.4%～307.8%；In the case of executing equivalent nitrogenous fertilizer, NPK combination (N2PK)
(N executed by relatively nitrogenous fertilizer list2) make total soil nitrogen significantly reduce 8.0%～8.6%.At winter wheat and summer corn Growing season,
Low nitrogen processes (N1, 138kg N/hm2) net nitrogen mineralization amount is respectively 35.2mg/kg and 76.7mg/kg, a large amount
Nitrogenous fertilizer (N2, 276kg N/hm2) process nitrogen clean mineralising amount be respectively 76.6mg/kg and 105.4mg/kg, N2
Relatively N1Dramatically increasing 117.8% and 37.5% respectively, high nitrogen is joined and is executed phosphorus potassium (N2PK, N2P, N2And N K)2Nitrogen
Clean mineralising amount difference is the most notable；At winter wheat and summer corn Growing season, N2PK processes absorbed nitrogen by crop amount relatively CK
Dramatically increase 320.0% and 155.2% respectively；N2Soil apparent leaching loss is the most serious, and NPK combination is conducive to
Slow Nitrogen Leaching；.Compared with CK, long-term fertilization makes summer corn, winter wheat yields significantly improve respectively
136%～327% and 56%～317%；N2PK summer corn, winter wheat yields are the highest, respectively 9659kg/hm2
And 5484kg/hm2.In a word, lift-augmented mechanism is the basis improving N-supply by soils, and NPK combination is favourable
In improving the crop absorption to nitrogen, and improve crop yield.For soil nitrogen nutrient in farmland ecosystem
The sustainable development in storehouse, regulate and control this regional soil Nitrogen supplying and realize high crop yield theoretical foundation is provided.
Utilize technical solutions according to the invention, or those skilled in the art's opening in technical solution of the present invention
Give, design similar technical scheme, and reach above-mentioned technique effect, all fall into the guarantor of the present invention
Protect scope.
Claims (6)
1. the method that nitrogen in fluvo-aquic soil mineralization characteristic and crop yield are affected by long-term located fertilization, it is special
Levying and be, the method that nitrogen in fluvo-aquic soil mineralization characteristic and crop yield are affected by described long-term located fertilization uses
Field original position-anion-cation exchange resin method, has obtained long-term applying nitrogen fertilizer and has joined and execute phosphorus potash fertilizer to non-stone
Ash nitrogen in fluvo-aquic soil field in situ mineralization characteristic and absorbed nitrogen by crop, the impact of yield and with absorbed nitrogen by crop, product
Relation between amount；Specifically include that
Located fertilization test sets 12 process altogether, repeats for 3 times, and random alignment, 36 communities, each altogether
Plot area 33.3m2, minizone 1.0m is deep, and glass epoxy separates, and does not leaks through with each other and the independent irrigation and drainage of energy；Examination
Testing implementation Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System system, annual 2 make；
Laying field mineralization of nitrogen device in situ, each process repeats for each 3 times；Receive at winter wheat, summer corn
Take out and detect nitrogen content in core and ion exchange resin bag when obtaining, survey at installation aiding device near zone and plough
Layer soil nutrient content makees background value；
Soil, Plant Total Nitrogen use Kjeldahl nitrogen determination, NO in soil, ion exchange resin bag3 --N、
NH4 +-N KCl the solution of 2mol/L extracts, respectively with dual-wavelength ultraviolet spectrophotometry with receive after filtration
Family name's reagent colorimetric method for determining.
2. nitrogen in fluvo-aquic soil mineralization characteristic and crop yield are affected by long-term located fertilization as claimed in claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that mineralization device is by a built-in resin pocket and and the pvc pipe group of a Vermiculitum bag
Become, each 25.0g of anion and cation exchange resin in resin pocket, bottom core, put two layers of filter paper, between filter paper
Putting ion exchange resin bag, soil note does not plant crop.
3. nitrogen in fluvo-aquic soil mineralization characteristic and crop yield are affected by long-term located fertilization as claimed in claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that compared with not applying fertilizer for a long time, long-term fertilization makes total soil nitrogen, mineral nitrogen content
Increase by 60.2%～130.9% and 65.4%～307.8% respectively；In the case of executing equivalent nitrogenous fertilizer, NPK combination is relatively
Nitrogenous fertilizer list is executed and is made total soil nitrogen reduce by 8.0%～8.6%.
4. nitrogen in fluvo-aquic soil mineralization characteristic and crop yield are affected by long-term located fertilization as claimed in claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that at winter wheat and summer corn Growing season, low nitrogen processes, N1, 138kg N/hm2,
Net nitrogen mineralization amount is respectively 35.2mg/kg and 76.7mg/kg；A large amount nitrogenous fertilizer, N2, 276kg N/hm2, process
Nitrogen clean mineralising amount is respectively 76.6mg/kg and 105.4mg/kg, N2Relatively N1Increase by 117.8% and 37.5% respectively,
High nitrogen is joined and is executed phosphorus potassium, N2PK, N2P, N2K, with N2Nitrogen clean mineralising amount difference is the most notable.
5. nitrogen in fluvo-aquic soil mineralization characteristic and crop yield are affected by long-term located fertilization as claimed in claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that at winter wheat and summer corn Growing season, N2PK processes absorbed nitrogen by crop amount longer-term
Do not apply fertilizer and increase by 320.0% and 155.2% respectively；N2Soil apparent leaching loss is the most serious, and NPK combination is conducive to
Slow Nitrogen Leaching；
Compared with not applying fertilizer for a long time, long-term fertilization makes summer corn, winter wheat yields be respectively increased 136%～327%
With 56%～317%；
N2PK summer corn, winter wheat yields are the highest.
6. nitrogen in fluvo-aquic soil mineralization characteristic and crop yield are affected by long-term located fertilization as claimed in claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that absorbed nitrogen by crop amount calculates according to results ensuing crop each position nitrogen content；Make produce
Amount is then converted by cell production；
Soil Nitrogen clean mineralising amount, the clean mineralization rate of Soil Nitrogen, the apparent Leaching loss of 0-20cm soil layer soil nitrogen pass through
Below equation calculates:
Ion exchange resin after core Mineral N amount+cultivation after Soil Nitrogen clean mineralising amount (mg/kg)=cultivation
Soil Mineral N amount before bag Mineral N amount-cultivation；
The clean mineralization rate of Soil Nitrogen (%)=Soil Nitrogen clean mineralising amount/total soil nitrogen amount * 100%；
0-20cm soil layer soil nitrogen apparent Leaching loss (kg/hm2)=
(core Mineral N amount after ion exchange resin bag Mineral N amount+cultivation after cultivation)-(absorbed nitrogen by crop
Amount+crop-planting regional soil mineral nitrogen amount).
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| CN108918638A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-11-30 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of test method that chronic administration height nitrogenous fertilizer influences corn kernel albumin |
| CN109406760A (en) * | 2018-12-23 | 2019-03-01 | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所 | Device for forest ecosystem soil in-situ nitrogen mineralization rate determination |
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