CN106233907A - Winter Wheat Root layer liquid manure supply and demand time and space usage regulation and control method - Google Patents
Winter Wheat Root layer liquid manure supply and demand time and space usage regulation and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106233907A CN106233907A CN201610591525.6A CN201610591525A CN106233907A CN 106233907 A CN106233907 A CN 106233907A CN 201610591525 A CN201610591525 A CN 201610591525A CN 106233907 A CN106233907 A CN 106233907A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Winter Wheat Root layer liquid manure supply and demand time and space usage regulation and control method, it is based on the feature that winter wheat growth is grown by different depth soil layer soil water storage and the effectiveness of yield composition ties up in soil the change of distribution with Winter Wheat Root and changes, in conjunction with the quantity of natural precipitation in a period of time, by the way of renewing, Soil storage water is fed in winter wheat key growthdevelopmental stage, simultaneously, according to inhaling fertile rule and root system in winter wheat time of infertility with growing process characteristic distributions in soil, implement timing, location, quantitative fertilization, from room and time, achieve Winter Wheat Root layer moisture simultaneously and nutrient supplies and coupling of needing.The present invention can not only keep the yield level that winter wheat is higher, and significantly save irrigation water, reduce fertilizers input, and economic, society and ecological benefits are notable.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Winter Wheat Root layer liquid manure supply and demand time and space usage control technique, the liquid manure belonging to arable farming is adjusted
Control technical field, particularly to a kind of according to winter wheat to moisture and the demand rule of nutrient and root growth and absorption characteristics,
By timing, location, quantitative in the way of feed soil moisture and nutrient, it is achieved for the precisely coupling needed and coupling, both maintained the winter
Improving yield of wheat level avoids again liquid manure excessively to put into and the technology of notable water-saving fertilizer-saving.It is applicable to irrigated area, Chinese Yellow Huai-Hai winter wheat
High-yield high-efficiency cultivation.
(2) technical background
China's water resource of per capita is about 2200m3, have 16 provinces (district, city) water resource of per capita (not include passing by present
Water) less than serious water shortage line, there are 6 provinces, district (Ningxia, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Jiangsu) water resource of per capita to be less than
500m3.Predicting the year two thousand thirty China's population when increasing to 1,600,000,000, water resource of per capita will drop to 1750m3.Especially on northern China ground
District (such as North China etc.), water resource quantity minimizing trend is obvious in recent years.North water deficit area continues the appearance of dry years,
And the Yellow River, Huaihe River, Haihe River and Han River meet with the impact of the unfavorable factors such as dry years simultaneously, it is further exacerbated by northern water money
The contradiction of source imbalance of supply and demand.China's agricultural water accounts for the 70% of total water consumption, and shortage of water resources seriously restricts water shortage in north china district
Agriculture Production, threat China grain security, Developing Water-saving Agriculture situation is urgent, significant.
Huang-Huai-Hai is China's Semen Tritici aestivi main producing region.Winter wheat planting area accounts for more than the 60% of the whole nation, and total producing accounts for entirely
More than the 70% of state, to ensureing that national food security has extremely important effect.But this region water resource per capita and mu at present
All water resource occupancy volumes only have the 20% and 18% of national average value respectively, and water productivity only has 1.2kg m-3Left and right, is about
The 50% of developed country, shortage of water resources and agricultural water are wasted and are deposited；Production excessively use the phenomenon of chemical fertilizer the most generally deposit
, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is less than 30%, and substantially less than developed country's level, fertilizer waste is serious.So, Semen Tritici aestivi is economized on water by this region
The demand of joint fertilizer technology is the most urgent.
Frequency of irrigation that the many employings of traditional water-saving irrigation are fixing and irrigation quantity, real by reducing frequency of irrigation and irrigation quantity
Now water saving (Khokhar etc., 2010；Li etc., 2010；Thind etc., 2010；Ye Delian etc., 2016).But in actual production,
Owing to annual rainfall year type is different, the Annual distribution of gross precipitation and precipitation has larger difference, the side that therefore quota is irrigated
Method is difficult to moisture supply and mates with the accurate of crop water, appreciable impact winter wheat yields and water-saving result.For realizing essence
Really water-saving irrigation, forefathers also propose to measure soil moisture content, target setting soil moisture content every time before pouring water, determine according to pouring water
Volume formula (mountain logical sequence etc., 2004) calculate irrigation quantity way (what Jianning etc., 2015；Guo etc., 2015).But this way fills every time
Being required to before water measure soil moisture content, operate more complicated, workload is big, constrains its popularization and application aborning.
Enter patent of invention " a kind of Semen Maydis water-fertilizer integral fertilising side based on Total Nitrogen balance of examination as to substances
Method " (CN201510334684.3), " a kind of water and fertilizer management method of drip irrigation spring wheat saving irrigation model "
, and authorized patent of invention " field water fertilizer efficiently utilizes multidimensional critical allocation method " (CN201410686693.4)
(ZL201410205209.1), " a kind of winter wheat water-fertilizer integral special fertilizer and application process thereof "
(ZL201110226057.X).But about special to moisture and the demand rule of nutrient and root growth and absorption according to winter wheat
Point, by timing, location, quantitative in the way of feed soil moisture and nutrient, it is achieved for the precisely coupling needed and coupling, both maintained
High crop yield level avoid again liquid manure excessively to put into and the technology of water-saving fertilizer-saving there is not been reported.
(3) summary of the invention
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides a kind of new High-yielding of Winter Wheat water-saving fertilizer-saving technology.
A kind of Winter Wheat Root layer liquid manure supply and demand time and space usage regulation and control method, comprises the following steps:
1, while winter wheat sowing, implement base fertilizer layering row replacement, sowing will be imposed on by bottom application azophoska bar respectively
8cm, 16cm and 24cm depths below wheatland earth's surface.Vertical distribution is one in the fertilising band of above three different depth soil layer
Group, the spacing between two adjacent groups is 30-46cm, the winter wheat sowing line-spacing equal to 2 times, i.e. at two adjacent groups layer by layer manuring bar
Two row winter wheat are sowed between band.Winter wheat is used the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus element and potassium element the time of infertility and determines according to prior art；The end
Executing nitrogen, phosphorus element and potassium element ratio of distribution in above three different depth soil layer, the fertilizer type according to using determines:
When control release urea uses with common azophoska (such as common urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium chloride) collocation, at 8cm soil
Applying common azophoska at layer depth, wherein nitrogen accounts for the 12.5% of winter wheat total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, and phosphorus element accounts for full fertility
The 16.7% of phase total phosphorus application amount, potassium element accounts for the 12.5% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility；Control release urea is applied in 16cm soil layer depths
With common phosphorus potash fertilizer, wherein nitrogen accounts for the 25% of total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, and phosphorus element accounts for the 33.3% of total phosphorus application amount in the time of infertility,
Potassium element accounts for the 25% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility；Control release urea and common phosphorus potash fertilizer, wherein nitrogen is applied in 24cm soil layer depths
Accounting for the 37.5% of total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, phosphorus element accounts for the 50% of total phosphorus application amount in the time of infertility, and potassium element accounts for always executes potassium the time of infertility
The 37.5% of amount.
When only using common azophoska (such as common urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium chloride), apply in 8cm soil layer depths
Nitrogen accounts for the 5% of winter wheat total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, and phosphorus element accounts for the 16.7% of total phosphorus application amount in the time of infertility, and potassium element accounts for full fertility
The 10% of phase total amount of potassium applied；The nitrogen applied in 16cm soil layer depths accounts for the 10% of total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, and phosphorus element accounts for complete raw
The 33.3% of phase of educating total phosphorus application amount, potassium element accounts for the 20% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility；The nitrogen applied in 24cm soil layer depths accounts for
The time of infertility total amount of nitrogen 15%, phosphorus element accounts for the 50% of total phosphorus application amount in the time of infertility, and potassium element accounts for total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility
30%.
2,20-40cm soil layer soil-like under 0-20cm and earth's surface was gathered under sowing wheatland earth's surface winter wheat sowing same day
Product, measure mass water content of soil, respectively W θ by traditional oven drying methodm-0-20With W θm-20-40, unit is %, and puts down with arithmetic
Average calculation method calculates 0-40cm soil layer soil average quality water content under earth's surface, for W θam-0-40, unit is %.
Water-holding capacity, respectively WFC is measured with traditional core cutter method0-20And WFC20-40,
0-20cm soil layer soil relative water content under earth's surface is calculated with formula (1):
Wθr-0-20=W θm-0-20×100/WFC0-20 (1)
W θ in formula (1)r-0-20For 0-20cm soil layer soil relative water content under earth's surface, unit is %；
0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under earth's surface is calculated with formula (2):
WS0-40=6.3989W θam-0-40-6.1645 (2)
WS in formula (2)0-40For 0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is mm；W
θam-0-40For 0-40cm soil layer soil average quality water content under sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is %.
0-100cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under earth's surface is calculated with formula (3):
WS0-100=12.037W θam-0-40+79.934 (3)
WS in formula (3)0-100For 0-100cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is mm；W
θam-0-40For 0-40cm soil layer soil average quality water content under sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is %.
3,0-20cm soil layer soil relative water content W θ under wheatland earth's surface was sowed the same day according to winter wheat sowingr-0-20Numerical value
Size, it may be judged whether need supplementary irrigation.
As W θr-0-20Without supplementary irrigation during more than 60%, as W θr-0-20During less than or equal to 60%, then calculate with formula (4) and broadcast
Kind of phase needs the supplementary irrigation water yield:
WIs=0.4901W θm-0-20 2-16.412Wθm-0-20+173.29 (4)
WI in described formula (4)sFor needing the supplementary irrigation water yield sowing time, unit is mm；Wθm-0-20For winter wheat sowing same day
0-20cm soil layer mass water content of soil under earth's surface, unit is %.
Sowing time, the supplementary irrigation water yield was no more than 60mm.When this period needs supplementary irrigation, use irrigation water distribution consistency degree relatively
The facilities such as high microspray irrigation, sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation carry out precision irrigation.
4, use rainfall data acquisition unit collection or be obtained from winter wheat sowing to period of surviving the winter from local meteorological department
Precipitation data, calculates gross precipitation WP during this periodps。
5, with formula (5) calculate winter wheat sowing to survive the winter period root layer main effect output:
WWps=WS0-40+WIs+WPps (5)
WW in described formula (5)psFor the root layer main effect output of winter wheat sowing to period of surviving the winter, unit is mm；
WS0-40For 0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is mm；WIsFor winter wheat sowing phase supplementary irrigation
The water yield, unit is mm；WPpsFor the gross precipitation of sowing to period of surviving the winter, unit is mm.
6, in winter wheat Wintering Period, according to WWpsThe size of numerical value, it may be judged whether need supplementary irrigation.
Work as WWpsValue more than or equal to 130mm, though or less than 130mm but the difference of the two less than 5mm time, it is not necessary to supplementary irrigation；When
WWpsValue less than 130mm, and the difference of the two more than or equal to 5mm time, then calculate Wintering Period with formula (6) and need the supplementary irrigation water yield:
WIps=130-WWps (6)
WI in described formula (6)psNeeding the supplementary irrigation water yield for Wintering Period, unit is mm.
The Wintering Period supplementary irrigation water yield is no more than 60mm.
When this period needs supplementary irrigation, the facilities such as microspray irrigation, sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation that irrigation water distribution consistency degree is higher are used to enter
Row precision irrigation.
7, use rainfall data acquisition unit collection or be obtained from winter wheat from local meteorological department and get between the jointing stage in Winter Solstice
Precipitation data, and calculate winter wheat sowing to the gross precipitation WP during jointingy1。
8, winter wheat sowing is calculated to the natural main effect output during jointing with formula (7):
WWy1=WS0-40+WPy1 (7)
WW in described formula (7)y1For the natural main effect output during winter wheat sowing to jointing；WS0-40Little for the winter
0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is mm；WPy1For the total fall during winter wheat sowing to jointing
The water yield, unit is mm.
9, in the winter wheat jointing stage, calculating needs the supplementary irrigation water yield, and topdresses with water.
If winter wheat sowing phase and the Wintering Period supplementary irrigation water yield are 0mm, then calculate the jointing stage with formula (8) and need supplementary irrigation
The water yield:
WIy1=-0.6829WWy1+173.17 (8)
WI in described formula (8)y1Needing the supplementary irrigation water yield for the jointing stage, unit is mm.
If the winter wheat sowing phase supplementary irrigation water yield or the Wintering Period supplementary irrigation water yield are more than 0mm, the most first calculate the winter with formula (9)
Wheat cultivation is to total supplementary irrigation water yield required during jointing:
WIty1=-0.534WWy1+178.09 (9)
WI in described formula (9)ty1For total supplementary irrigation water yield required during winter wheat sowing to jointing, unit is mm.
Calculate the jointing stage with formula (10) again and need the supplementary irrigation water yield:
WIy1=WIty1-WIs-WIps (10)
WI in described formula (10)y1、WIsAnd WIpsThe respectively winter wheat jointing stage needs the supplementary irrigation water yield, supplementary irrigation water in sowing time
Amount and the Wintering Period supplementary irrigation water yield, unit is mm.
When winter wheat jointing stage supplementary irrigation water, use water-fertilizer integral system based on facilities such as microspray irrigation, sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigations
Apply Winter Wheat Root layer equably with irrigation water after system, the nitrogenous fertilizer that need to be imposed the jointing stage and potash fertilizer dissolving.The fertilizer imposed is
Solubility nitrogenous fertilizer such as carbamide etc. and solubility potash fertilizer such as potassium chloride etc..
The fertilizer type used when using base fertilizer according to the winter wheat sowing phase is different, determine nitrogen that the jointing stage need to impose and
Potassium element consumption: when base fertilizer is that control release urea uses with common azophoska (such as common urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium chloride) collocation
Time, winter wheat jointing stage amount of nitrogen accounts for the 25% of total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, and amount of potassium applied accounts for the 25% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility.
When base fertilizer only uses common azophoska (such as common urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium chloride), winter wheat jointing stage amount of nitrogen accounts for entirely
The 50% of the total amount of nitrogen of period of duration, amount of potassium applied accounts for the 20% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility.
10, use rainfall data acquisition unit collection or be obtained from winter wheat jointing to duration of flowering from local meteorological department
Precipitation data, and calculate winter wheat sowing to the gross precipitation WP of duration of floweringy2。
11, winter wheat sowing is calculated to the natural main effect output of duration of flowering with formula (11):
WWy2=0.7WS0-100+0.3WPy2 (11)
WW in described formula (11)y2For the natural main effect output of winter wheat sowing to duration of flowering, unit is mm；
WS0-100For 0-100cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is mm；WPy2For winter wheat sowing extremely
The gross precipitation of duration of flowering, unit is mm.
12, the supplementary irrigation water yield is needed in winter wheat calculating in florescence.
First winter wheat sowing is calculated to total supplementary irrigation water yield required during florescence with formula (12):
WIty2=-1.2039WWy2+382.42 (12)
WI in described formula (12)ty2For total supplementary irrigation water yield required during winter wheat sowing to florescence, unit is
mm。
Calculate with formula (13) again and need the supplementary irrigation water yield florescence:
WIy2=WIty2-WIs-WIps-WIy1 (13)
WI in described formula (13)y2、WIs、WIpsAnd WIy1It is respectively and needs the supplementary irrigation water yield, supplementary irrigation water in sowing time florescence
Amount, the Wintering Period supplementary irrigation water yield and the jointing stage supplementary irrigation water yield, unit is mm.
Florescence, the supplementary irrigation water yield was no more than 60mm.
13, when pouring water florescence, the fertilizer type used when using base fertilizer according to the winter wheat sowing phase is different, determines and is
No enforcement is topdressed with water.
When base fertilizer is control release urea and common azophoska (such as common urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium chloride) collocation uses,
Florescence no longer topdresses.Only use the facilities such as microspray irrigation, sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation that irrigation water distribution consistency degree is higher to carry out essence amount to fill
Irrigate.
When base fertilizer only uses common azophoska (such as common urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium chloride), winter wheat is executed florescence
Nitrogen quantity accounts for the 20% of total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, and amount of potassium applied accounts for the 20% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility.Use based on microspray irrigation, spray
After the water-fertilizer integral system of the facilities such as filling, drip irrigation, the nitrogenous fertilizer that florescence need to be imposed and potash fertilizer dissolving with irrigation water equably
Apply Winter Wheat Root layer.The fertilizer imposed is solubility nitrogenous fertilizer such as carbamide etc. and solubility potash fertilizer such as potassium chloride etc..
Refer to winter wheat time of infertility the heretofore described time of infertility.Described soil depth is soil layer under earth's surface
The degree of depth.
The method have the advantages that
1, the present invention is according to inhaling fertile rule and root system in winter wheat time of infertility with growing process characteristic distributions in soil,
The method being layered row replacement by base fertilizer in proportion, all can the master of growing stage root system each with winter wheat on fertilizer space and quantity
Want distributed areas and Nutrient Absorption quantity to match, it is achieved that Winter Wheat Root layer nutrient for need to be at space and quantitative coupling
Close.
2, the present invention according to winter wheat at the npk nutrient absorption intensity in different bearing stage and Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer with common
The Characteristics of releasing nutrition of instant nitrogenousfertilizer, takes into account nitrogen simultaneously and determines fertilization time and the fertilizer of each fertilising with the reciprocal effects of potassium element
Material kind and quantity, it is achieved that Winter Wheat Root layer nutrient for need to coupling on T/A.
3, the present invention according to different depth soil layer soil water storage to winter wheat growth grow and yield composition effectiveness with
The feature that Winter Wheat Root ties up in soil the change of distribution and changes, in conjunction with the quantity of natural precipitation in a period of time, Yu Dong little
Wheat key growthdevelopmental stage feeds Soil storage water by the way of renewing, and achieves Winter Wheat Root layer from spatially and temporally simultaneously
Moisture supplies and coupling of needing.
4, the present invention can not only keep the yield level that winter wheat is higher, and significantly saves irrigation water, reduces fertilizer
Putting into, compared with tradition water and fertilizer management technology, average per hectare is economized on water more than 1228 cubic metres, reduces the total input amount of N P and K element
More than 90 kilograms, increasing production more than 256.4 kilograms, economic, society and ecological benefits are notable, have wide popularizing application prospect.
Four, detailed description of the invention:
This specific embodiment is only explanation of the invention, is not limitation of the present invention, those skilled in the art
After reading this specification, as required the present embodiment can be made and there is no the amendment of creative contribution, but as long as
All protected by Patent Law in scope of the presently claimed invention.
Embodiment 1
Test is carried out on silty loam plot, Xuan Zhuan village, Tran town, Daiyue District, Shandong Province.Experimental plot 0-100cm soil layer soil
Cosmid, sand grains and silt content are respectively 20.1%, 19.1%, 60.8%.0-20cm soil layer soil is containing organic 14.23g
kg-1, full nitrogen 0.72g kg-1, it is respectively 94.33,42.84 and 112.77mg kg containing alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium-1。
Selecting winter wheat variety Jimai 22, sow on October 6th, 2014, on June 12nd, 2015 gathers in the crops.Fertilizer is selected and is contained
The resin coated controlled release carbamide of nitrogen quantity 42%, the common urea of nitrogen content 46%, double superhosphate and potassium chloride.According to winter wheat
The step operation of root layer liquid manure supply and demand time and space usage control technique is as follows:
1, while winter wheat sowing, implement base fertilizer layering row replacement, earth's surface will be imposed on by bottom application azophoska bar respectively
Following 8cm, 16cm and 24cm depths.Vertical distribution is one group in the fertilising band of above three different depth soil layer, adjacent two
Spacing between group is 46cm, the winter wheat sowing line-spacing equal to 2 times, i.e. sows two between two adjacent groups layer by layer manuring band
Row winter wheat.The embodiment of the present invention 1 applies common urea, double superhosphate and potassium chloride in 8cm soil layer depths, at 16cm soil layer
Depths applies control release urea, double superhosphate and potassium chloride, applies control release urea, double superhosphate and chlorine in 24cm soil layer depths
Change potassium.The N P and K element amount that the embodiment of the present invention 1 winter wheat sowing phase bar in proportion imposes in each soil layer soil is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 embodiment of the present invention 1 winter wheat sowing phase bar in proportion imposes on the N P and K element amount list in each soil layer soil
2,20-40cm soil layer soil-like under 0-20cm and earth's surface was gathered under sowing wheatland earth's surface winter wheat sowing same day
Product, measure mass water content of soil, respectively W θ by traditional oven drying methodm-0-20=18.04% and W θm-20-40=18.63%,
And calculate 0-40cm soil layer soil average quality water content under earth's surface with arithmetic average value calculating method:
Wθam-0-40=(W θm-0-20+Wθm-20-40)/2=(18.04+18.63)/2=18.34%.
Water-holding capacity, respectively WFC is measured with traditional core cutter method0-20=28.01% and WFC20-40=22.15%,
0-20cm soil layer soil relative water content under earth's surface is calculated with formula (1):
Wθr-0-20=W θm-0-20×100/WFC0-20=18.04 × 100/28.01=64.41%.
0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under earth's surface is calculated with formula (2):
WS0-40=6.3989W θam-0-40-6.1645=6.3989 × 18.34-6.1645=111.2mm.
0-100cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under earth's surface is calculated with formula (3):
WS0-100=12.037W θam-0-40+ 79.934=12.037 × 18.34+79.934=300.7mm.
3,0-20cm soil layer soil relative water content W θ under wheatland earth's surface was sowed the same day according to winter wheat sowingr-0-20Numerical value
Size, it may be judged whether need supplementary irrigation.
W θ due to the present embodiment 1r-0-20=64.41% ＞ 60%, so without in supplementary irrigation in sowing time.
The present embodiment 1 winter wheat sowing phase supplementary irrigation water yield is 0mm.
4, use from local meteorological department obtain from winter wheat sowing to the precipitation data of period of surviving the winter, calculate this
The gross precipitation WP of periodps=20.3mm.
5, with formula (5) calculate winter wheat sowing to survive the winter period root layer main effect output:
WWps=WS0-40+WIs+WPps=111.2+0+20.3=131.5mm.
6, in winter wheat Wintering Period, according to WWpsThe size of numerical value, it may be judged whether need supplementary irrigation.
WW due to the present embodiment 1ps=131.5mm, higher than 130mm, so without in Wintering Period supplementary irrigation.
The present embodiment 1 winter wheat Wintering Period supplementary irrigation water yield is 0mm.
7, use and get over the precipitation data between the jointing stage in Winter Solstice from what local meteorological department obtained from winter wheat, calculate the winter
Wheat cultivation is to the gross precipitation WP during jointingy1=93.2mm.
8, winter wheat sowing is calculated to the natural main effect output during jointing with formula (7):
WWy1=WS0-40+WPy1=111.2+93.2=204.4mm.
9, in the winter wheat jointing stage, calculating needs the supplementary irrigation water yield, and topdresses with water.
Owing to the present embodiment 1 winter wheat sowing phase and the Wintering Period supplementary irrigation water yield are 0mm, so calculating with formula (8)
Jointing stage needs the supplementary irrigation water yield:
WIy1=-0.6829WWy1+ 173.17=-0.6829 × 204.4+173.17=33.6mm.
The present embodiment 1 winter wheat jointing stage supplementary irrigation water yield is 33.6mm.
When winter wheat jointing stage supplementary irrigation water, Shandong Agricultural University is used to cooperate with Shandong Dong He agricultural science and technology company limited
The fertilizer accurate quantification intelligence produced stirs the mill miscible system of circulation and system is irrigated in wheat and corn whole year production variable rich water integration
System, the common urea first imposed by needs and potassium chloride dissolve, then solution applies equably Winter Wheat Root layer with irrigation water.Should
Period is 130kg hm with the common urea consumption that water imposes-2(containing 60kg hm-2Purity nitrogen), the potassium chloride dosage imposed with water is
50kg hm-2(containing 30kg hm-2K2O)。
10, use the precipitation data from winter wheat jointing to duration of flowering obtained from local meteorological department, calculate
Winter wheat sowing is to the gross precipitation WP of duration of floweringy2=117.7mm.
11, winter wheat sowing is calculated to the natural main effect output of duration of flowering with formula (11):
WWy2=0.7WS0-100+0.3WPy2=0.7 × 300.7+0.3 × 117.7=210.49+35.31=245.8mm.
12, the supplementary irrigation water yield is needed in winter wheat calculating in florescence.
First winter wheat sowing is calculated to total supplementary irrigation water yield required during florescence with formula (12):
WIty2=-1.2039WWy2+ 382.42=-1.2039 × 245.8+382.42=86.5mm.
Calculate with formula (13) again and need the supplementary irrigation water yield florescence:
WIy2=WIty2-WIs-WIps-WIy1=86.5-0-0-33.6=52.9mm.
Due to 52.9mm ＜ 60mm, then need the supplementary irrigation water yield WI florescencey2For 52.9mm.
The present embodiment 1 winter wheat supplementary irrigation in florescence water yield is 52.9mm.
13, when pouring water florescence, owing to the base fertilizer of the present embodiment 1 use in sowing time is control release urea, common urea, weight
Calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride, so need not topdress in florescence.Only use Shandong Agricultural University and east, Shandong standing grain agricultural science and technology
The wheat and corn whole year production variable rich water integration irrigation system of company limited's co-production carries out precision irrigation.
As shown in table 2, the present embodiment 1 Winter Wheat Root layer liquid manure supply and demand time and space usage control technique and tradition water and fertilizer management skill
Art is compared, and saves irrigation water 122.8mm the time of infertility, and per hectare is economized on water 1228 cubic metres, and per hectare reduces N, P2O5And K2O throws
Entering each 30 kilograms of amount, per hectare increases production 256.4 kilograms.
Table 2 embodiment of the present invention 1 Winter Wheat Root layer liquid manure supply and demand time and space usage control technique and tradition water and fertilizer management technology
The time of infertility irrigation quantity, dose and yield comparison
Embodiment 2
Test is carried out on silty loam plot, Xuan Zhuan village, Tran town, Daiyue District, Shandong Province.Experimental plot 0-100cm soil layer soil
Cosmid, sand grains and silt content are respectively 20.1%, 19.1%, 60.8%.0-20cm soil layer soil is containing organic 14.23g
kg-1, full nitrogen 0.72g kg-1, it is respectively 94.33,42.84 and 112.77mg kg containing alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium-1。
Selecting winter wheat variety Jimai 22, sow on October 6th, 2014, on June 12nd, 2015 gathers in the crops.Fertilizer is selected and is contained
The common urea of nitrogen quantity 46%, double superhosphate and potassium chloride.According to Winter Wheat Root layer liquid manure supply and demand time and space usage control technique
Step operation as follows:
1, while winter wheat sowing, implement base fertilizer layering row replacement, earth's surface will be imposed on by bottom application azophoska bar respectively
Following 8cm, 16cm and 24cm depths.Vertical distribution is one group in the fertilising band of above three different depth soil layer, adjacent two
Spacing between group is 46cm, the winter wheat sowing line-spacing equal to 2 times, i.e. sows two between two adjacent groups layer by layer manuring band
Row winter wheat.The embodiment of the present invention 2 winter wheat sowing phase bar in proportion imposes on such as table 3 institute of the N P and K element amount in each soil layer soil
Show.
Table 3 embodiment of the present invention 2 winter wheat sowing phase bar in proportion imposes on the N P and K element amount list in each soil layer soil
2,20-40cm soil layer soil-like under 0-20cm and earth's surface was gathered under sowing wheatland earth's surface winter wheat sowing same day
Product, measure mass water content of soil, respectively W θ by traditional oven drying methodm-0-20=19.46% and W θm-20-40=19.52%,
And calculate 0-40cm soil layer soil average quality water content under earth's surface with arithmetic average value calculating method:
Wθam-0-40=(W θm-0-20+Wθm-20-40)/2=(19.46+19.52)/2=19.49%.
Water-holding capacity, respectively WFC is measured with traditional core cutter method0-20=28.90% and WFC20-40=23.05%,
0-20cm soil layer soil relative water content under earth's surface is calculated with formula (1):
Wθr-0-20=W θm-0-20×100/WFC0-20=19.46 × 100/28.90=67.34%.
0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under earth's surface is calculated with formula (2):
WS0-40=6.3989W θam-0-40-6.1645=6.3989 × 19.49-6.1645=118.6mm.
0-100cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under earth's surface is calculated with formula (3):
WS0-100=12.037W θam-0-40+ 79.934=12.037 × 19.49+79.934=314.5mm.
3,0-20cm soil layer soil relative water content W θ under wheatland earth's surface was sowed the same day according to winter wheat sowingr-0-20Numerical value
Size, it may be judged whether need supplementary irrigation.
W θ due to the present embodiment 2r-0-20=67.34% ＞ 60%, so without in supplementary irrigation in sowing time.
The present embodiment 2 winter wheat sowing phase supplementary irrigation water yield is 0mm.
4, use from local meteorological department obtain from winter wheat sowing to the precipitation data of period of surviving the winter, calculate this
The gross precipitation WP of periodps=20.3mm.
5, with formula (5) calculate winter wheat sowing to survive the winter period root layer main effect output:
WWps=WS0-40+WIs+WPps=118.6+0+20.3=138.9mm.
6, in winter wheat Wintering Period, according to WWpsThe size of numerical value, it may be judged whether need supplementary irrigation.
WW due to the present embodiment 2ps=138.9mm, higher than 130mm, so without in Wintering Period supplementary irrigation.
The present embodiment 2 winter wheat Wintering Period supplementary irrigation water yield is 0mm.
7, use and get over the precipitation data between the jointing stage in Winter Solstice from what local meteorological department obtained from winter wheat, calculate the winter
Wheat cultivation is to the gross precipitation WP during jointingy1=93.2mm.
8, winter wheat sowing is calculated to the natural main effect output during jointing with formula (7):
WWy1=WS0-40+WPy1=118.6+93.2=211.8mm.
9, in the winter wheat jointing stage, calculating needs the supplementary irrigation water yield, and topdresses with water.
Owing to the present embodiment 2 winter wheat sowing phase and the Wintering Period supplementary irrigation water yield are 0mm, so calculating with formula (8)
Jointing stage needs the supplementary irrigation water yield:
WIy1=-0.6829WWy1+ 173.17=-0.6829 × 211.8+173.17=28.5mm.
The present embodiment 2 winter wheat jointing stage supplementary irrigation water yield is 28.5mm.
When winter wheat jointing stage supplementary irrigation water, Shandong Agricultural University is used to cooperate with Shandong Dong He agricultural science and technology company limited
The fertilizer accurate quantification intelligence produced stirs the mill miscible system of circulation and system is irrigated in wheat and corn whole year production variable rich water integration
System, the common urea first imposed by needs and potassium chloride dissolve, then solution applies equably Winter Wheat Root layer with irrigation water.Should
Period is 261kg hm with the common urea consumption that water imposes-2(containing 120kg hm-2Purity nitrogen), the potassium chloride dosage imposed with water
For 40kg hm-2(containing 24kg hm-2K2O)。
10, use the precipitation data from winter wheat jointing to duration of flowering obtained from local meteorological department, calculate
Winter wheat sowing is to the gross precipitation WP of duration of floweringy2=117.7mm.
11, winter wheat sowing is calculated to the natural main effect output of duration of flowering with formula (11):
WWy2=0.7WS0-100+0.3WPy2=0.7 × 314.5+0.3 × 117.7=220.15+35.31=255.46mm.
12, the supplementary irrigation water yield is needed in winter wheat calculating in florescence.
First winter wheat sowing is calculated to total supplementary irrigation water yield required during florescence with formula (12):
WIty2=-1.2039WWy2+ 382.42=-1.2039 × 255.46+382.42=74.9mm.
Calculate with formula (13) again and need the supplementary irrigation water yield florescence:
WIy2=WIty2-WIs-WIps-WIy1=74.9-0-0-28.5=46.4mm.
Due to 46.4mm ＜ 60mm, then supplementary irrigation in florescence water yield WIy2For 46.4mm.
The present embodiment 2 winter wheat supplementary irrigation in florescence water yield is 46.4mm.
13, when pouring water florescence, Shandong Agricultural University and the co-production of Shandong Dong He agricultural science and technology company limited are used
Fertilizer accurate quantification intelligence stir mill and circulate miscible system and wheat and corn whole year production variable rich water integration irrigation system, first
The common urea imposed by needs and potassium chloride dissolve, then solution applies equably Winter Wheat Root layer with irrigation water.This period
The common urea consumption imposed with water is 104kg hm-2(containing 48kg hm-2Purity nitrogen), the potassium chloride dosage imposed with water is 40kg
hm-2(containing 24kg hm-2K2O)。
As shown in table 4, the present embodiment 2 Winter Wheat Root layer liquid manure supply and demand time and space usage control technique and tradition water and fertilizer management skill
Art is compared, and saves irrigation water 134.4mm the time of infertility, and per hectare is economized on water 1344 cubic metres, and per hectare reduces N, P2O5And K2O throws
Entering each 30 kilograms of amount, per hectare increases production 481.7 kilograms.
Table 4 embodiment of the present invention 2 Winter Wheat Root layer liquid manure supply and demand time and space usage control technique and tradition water and fertilizer management technology
The time of infertility irrigation quantity, dose and yield comparison
Claims (1)
1. a Winter Wheat Root layer liquid manure supply and demand time and space usage regulation and control method, it is characterised in that step is as follows:
1) while winter wheat sowing, implement base fertilizer layering row replacement, sowing wheatland will be imposed on by bottom application azophoska bar respectively
8cm, 16cm and 24cm depths below earth's surface；Vertical distribution is one group in the fertilising band of above three different depth soil layer, phase
Spacing between adjacent two groups is 30-46cm, i.e. sows two row winter wheat between two adjacent groups layer by layer manuring band；Winter wheat is complete
Period of duration is used the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus element and potassium element and is determined according to prior art；Bottom application nitrogen, phosphorus element and potassium element are in above three not
With the ratio of distribution in degree of depth soil layer, the fertilizer type according to using determines:
When control release urea uses with the collocation of common azophoska, applying common azophoska in 8cm soil layer depths, wherein nitrogen accounts for
The 12.5% of winter wheat total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, phosphorus element accounts for the 16.7% of total phosphorus application amount in the time of infertility, and potassium element accounts for the time of infertility
The 12.5% of total amount of potassium applied；Apply control release urea and common phosphorus potash fertilizer in 16cm soil layer depths, wherein to account for the time of infertility total for nitrogen
The 25% of amount of nitrogen, phosphorus element accounts for the 33.3% of total phosphorus application amount in the time of infertility, and potassium element accounts for the 25% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility；?
24cm soil layer depths applies control release urea and common phosphorus potash fertilizer, and wherein nitrogen accounts for the 37.5% of total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, phosphorus element
Accounting for the 50% of total phosphorus application amount in the time of infertility, potassium element accounts for the 37.5% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility；
When only using common azophoska, the nitrogen applied in 8cm soil layer depths accounts for winter wheat total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility
5%, phosphorus element accounts for the 16.7% of total phosphorus application amount in the time of infertility, and potassium element accounts for the 10% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility；Deep at 16cm soil layer
The nitrogen that place applies accounts for the 10% of total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, and phosphorus element accounts for the 33.3% of total phosphorus application amount in the time of infertility, and potassium element accounts for entirely
The 20% of the total amount of potassium applied of period of duration；The nitrogen applied in 24cm soil layer depths accounts for the 15% of total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, and phosphorus element accounts for
The time of infertility total phosphorus application amount 50%, potassium element accounts for the 30% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility；
2) gathered under sowing wheatland earth's surface 20-40cm soil layer pedotheque under 0-20cm and earth's surface winter wheat sowing same day, use
Traditional oven drying method measures mass water content of soil, respectively W θm-0-20With W θm-20-40, unit is %, and uses arithmetic mean of instantaneous value
Computational methods calculate 0-40cm soil layer soil average quality water content under earth's surface, for W θam-0-40, unit is %；
Water-holding capacity, respectively WFC is measured with traditional core cutter method0-20And WFC20-40,
0-20cm soil layer soil relative water content under earth's surface is calculated with formula (1):
Wθr-0-20=W θm-0-20×100/WFC0-20 (1)
W θ in formula (1)r-0-20For 0-20cm soil layer soil relative water content under earth's surface, unit is %；
0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under earth's surface is calculated with formula (2):
WS0-40=6.3989W θam-0-40-6.1645 (2)
WS in formula (2)0-40For 0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is mm；Wθam-0-40
For 0-40cm soil layer soil average quality water content under sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is %；
0-100cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under earth's surface is calculated with formula (3):
WS0-100=12.037W θam-0-40+79.934 (3)
WS in formula (3)0-100For 0-100cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is mm；W
θam-0-40For 0-40cm soil layer soil average quality water content under sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is %；
3) 0-20cm soil layer soil relative water content W θ under wheatland earth's surface was sowed the same day according to winter wheat sowingr-0-20Numerical value big
Little, it may be judged whether to need supplementary irrigation；
As W θr-0-20Without supplementary irrigation during more than 60%, as W θr-0-20During less than or equal to 60%, then calculate sowing time with formula (4)
Need the supplementary irrigation water yield:
WIs=0.4901W θm-0-20 2-16.412Wθm-0-20+173.29 (4)
WI in described formula (4)sFor needing the supplementary irrigation water yield sowing time, unit is mm；Wθm-0-20For under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day
0-20cm soil layer mass water content of soil, unit is %；
Sowing time, the supplementary irrigation water yield was no more than 60mm；
4) use rainfall data acquisition unit collection or be obtained from winter wheat sowing to the precipitation of period of surviving the winter from local meteorological department
Amount data, calculate gross precipitation WP during this periodps；
5) with formula (5) calculate winter wheat sowing to survive the winter period root layer main effect output:
WWps=WS0-40+WIs+WPps (5)
WW in described formula (5)psFor the root layer main effect output of winter wheat sowing to period of surviving the winter, unit is mm；WS0-40For
0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is mm；WIsFor the winter wheat sowing phase supplementary irrigation water yield,
Unit is mm；WPpsFor the gross precipitation of sowing to period of surviving the winter, unit is mm；
6) in winter wheat Wintering Period, according to WWpsThe size of numerical value, it may be judged whether need supplementary irrigation；
Work as WWpsValue more than or equal to 130mm, though or less than 130mm but the difference of the two less than 5mm time, it is not necessary to supplementary irrigation；Work as WWpsValue
Less than 130mm, and the difference of the two more than or equal to 5mm time, then calculate Wintering Period with formula (6) and need the supplementary irrigation water yield:
WIps=130-WWps (6)
WI in described formula (6)psNeeding the supplementary irrigation water yield for Wintering Period, unit is mm；
The Wintering Period supplementary irrigation water yield is no more than 60mm；
7) use rainfall data acquisition unit collection or be obtained from winter wheat from local meteorological department and get over the precipitation between the jointing stage in Winter Solstice
Amount data, and calculate winter wheat sowing to the gross precipitation WP during jointingy1；
8) winter wheat sowing is calculated to the natural main effect output during jointing with formula (7):
WWy1=WS0-40+WPy1 (7)
WW in described formula (7)y1For the natural main effect output during winter wheat sowing to jointing；WS0-40Broadcast for winter wheat
Planting 0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under earth's surface on the same day, unit is mm；WPy1For the total precipitation during winter wheat sowing to jointing
Amount, unit is mm；
9) in the winter wheat jointing stage, calculating needs the supplementary irrigation water yield, and topdresses with water；
If winter wheat sowing phase and the Wintering Period supplementary irrigation water yield are 0mm, then calculate the jointing stage with formula (8) and need supplementary irrigation water
Amount:
WIy1=-0.6829WWy1+173.17 (8)
WI in described formula (8)y1Needing the supplementary irrigation water yield for the jointing stage, unit is mm；
If the winter wheat sowing phase supplementary irrigation water yield or the Wintering Period supplementary irrigation water yield are more than 0mm, the most first calculate winter wheat with formula (9)
Sow to total supplementary irrigation water yield required during jointing:
WIty1=-0.534WWy1+178.09 (9)
WI in described formula (9)ty1For total supplementary irrigation water yield required during winter wheat sowing to jointing, unit is mm；
Calculate the jointing stage with formula (10) again and need the supplementary irrigation water yield:
WIy1=WIty1-WIs-WIps (10)
WI in described formula (10)y1、WIsAnd WIpsBe respectively the winter wheat jointing stage need the supplementary irrigation water yield, the supplementary irrigation water yield in sowing time and
The Wintering Period supplementary irrigation water yield, unit is mm；
When winter wheat jointing stage supplementary irrigation water, the nitrogenous fertilizer that need to be imposed the jointing stage and potash fertilizer apply equably with irrigation water after dissolving
Winter Wheat Root layer；The fertilizer imposed is solubility nitrogenous fertilizer such as carbamide and solubility potash fertilizer such as potassium chloride；
The fertilizer type used when using base fertilizer according to the winter wheat sowing phase is different, determines nitrogen and potassium element that the jointing stage need to impose
Consumption: when base fertilizer is control release urea and the collocation of common azophoska uses, it is total that winter wheat jointing stage amount of nitrogen accounts for the time of infertility
The 25% of amount of nitrogen, amount of potassium applied accounts for the 25% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility；When base fertilizer only uses common azophoska, winter wheat
Jointing stage amount of nitrogen accounts for the 50% of total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, and amount of potassium applied accounts for the 20% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility；
10) use rainfall data acquisition unit collection or be obtained from winter wheat jointing to the precipitation of duration of flowering from local meteorological department
Amount data, and calculate winter wheat sowing to the gross precipitation WP of duration of floweringy2；
11) winter wheat sowing is calculated to the natural main effect output of duration of flowering with formula (11):
WWy2=0.7WS0-100+0.3WPy2 (11)
WW in described formula (11)y2For the natural main effect output of winter wheat sowing to duration of flowering, unit is mm；WS0-100
For 0-100cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is mm；WPy2For winter wheat sowing to florescence
Between gross precipitation, unit is mm；
12) the supplementary irrigation water yield is needed in winter wheat calculating in florescence；
First winter wheat sowing is calculated to total supplementary irrigation water yield required during florescence with formula (12):
WIty2=-1.2039WWy2+382.42 (12)
WI in described formula (12)ty2For total supplementary irrigation water yield required during winter wheat sowing to florescence, unit is mm；
Calculate with formula (13) again and need the supplementary irrigation water yield florescence:
WIy2=WIty2-WIs-WIps-WIy1 (13)
WI in described formula (13)y2、WIs、WIpsAnd WIy1It is respectively and needs the supplementary irrigation water yield, the supplementary irrigation water yield in sowing time florescence, get over
The teletostage supplementary irrigation water yield and the jointing stage supplementary irrigation water yield, unit is mm；
Florescence, the supplementary irrigation water yield was no more than 60mm；
13) when pouring water florescence, the fertilizer type used when using base fertilizer according to the winter wheat sowing phase is different, it is determined whether real
Shi Suishui topdresses；
When base fertilizer is control release urea and the collocation of common azophoska uses, no longer topdresses florescence, only irrigate；
When base fertilizer only uses common azophoska, winter wheat amount of nitrogen in florescence accounts for the 20% of total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, executes
Potassium amount accounts for the 20% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility；The nitrogenous fertilizer that need to be imposed florescence and potash fertilizer are executed equably with irrigation water after dissolving
Enter Winter Wheat Root layer；The fertilizer imposed is solubility nitrogenous fertilizer such as carbamide and solubility potash fertilizer such as potassium chloride；
Refer to winter wheat time of infertility the described time of infertility；Described soil depth is soil depth under earth's surface.
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| CN109997482A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-07-12 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Water-fertilizer integral studies system and research method |
| CN112042352A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2020-12-08 | 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 | Efficient fertilization method for winter wheat by dry land full-film micro-ridge furrow sowing |
| CN115380789A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-11-25 | 甘肃省农业工程技术研究院 | Water-fertilizer coupling planting method for improving content and yield of astragaloside IV of traditional Chinese medicinal material |
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| CN115380789A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-11-25 | 甘肃省农业工程技术研究院 | Water-fertilizer coupling planting method for improving content and yield of astragaloside IV of traditional Chinese medicinal material |
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