CN105705856B - 高压复合容器和制造高压复合容器的方法 - Google Patents

高压复合容器和制造高压复合容器的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105705856B
CN105705856B CN201580002525.1A CN201580002525A CN105705856B CN 105705856 B CN105705856 B CN 105705856B CN 201580002525 A CN201580002525 A CN 201580002525A CN 105705856 B CN105705856 B CN 105705856B
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preformed member
lantern ring
connection accessory
clad vessel
container
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CN105705856A (zh
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亚当·萨凡纳
达维德·萨凡纳
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Techplast Spolka Z O O
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Techplast Spolka Z O O
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B11/00Making preforms
    • B29B11/14Making preforms characterised by structure or composition
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B13/00Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped
    • B29B13/02Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by heating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B13/00Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped
    • B29B13/04Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by cooling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/071Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration, e.g. geometry, dimensions or physical properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/64Joining a non-plastics element to a plastics element, e.g. by force
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/08Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
    • B29C70/083Combinations of continuous fibres or fibrous profiled structures oriented in one direction and reinforcements forming a two dimensional structure, e.g. mats
    • B29C70/085Combinations of continuous fibres or fibrous profiled structures oriented in one direction and reinforcements forming a two dimensional structure, e.g. mats the structure being deformed in a three dimensional configuration
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C1/00Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/02Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge involving reinforcing arrangements
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/16Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of plastics materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/07Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
    • B29C2949/0715Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration the preform having one end closed
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/07Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
    • B29C2949/076Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration characterised by the shape
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    • B29C2949/077Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration characterised by the shape characterised by the shape of specific parts of preform characterised by the neck
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/07Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
    • B29C2949/076Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration characterised by the shape
    • B29C2949/0768Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration characterised by the shape characterised by the shape of specific parts of preform
    • B29C2949/078Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration characterised by the shape characterised by the shape of specific parts of preform characterised by the bottom
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/20Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer
    • B29C2949/22Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer at neck portion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/20Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer
    • B29C2949/24Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer at flange portion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/20Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/20Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer
    • B29C2949/28Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer at bottom portion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/02Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
    • B29C49/06Injection blow-moulding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • B29C66/742Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B29C66/7422Aluminium or alloys of aluminium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • F17C2201/05Size
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    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00Applications
    • F17C2270/07Applications for household use
    • F17C2270/0781Diving equipments
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32Hydrogen storage

Abstract

本发明提供一种高压复合容器,包括:通过对热塑性材料的预成型件吹塑而制造的壳体;连接管配件。其特征在于,在具有固定套环(7)的连接管配件(3)中,与设计用于O形环密封件的密封凹槽(9)相对,设有用于西格件的凹槽(10)以利用西格件(10a)来安装预成型件(11)的不可拆卸的套环(11a)。一种制造高压复合容器的方法,根据这种方法,由预成型件制成容器壳体,预成型件被吹塑以便获得其所需尺寸,可使用任何技术来制造热塑性材料的预成型件;并且容器壳体与连接管配件连接,且容器的外表面由特殊复合层加强。其特征在于,预成型件(11)首先经历受控制的结晶过程并且然后,环形凹槽(11b)在预成型件(11)的套环(11a)中做出,并且随后,吹塑预成型件(11)以获得所需尺寸并且与连接管配件(3)组装在一起,连接管配件(3)设有固定套环(7),使得O形环密封件(9)放置于连接管配件(3)中的密封凹槽(9)中,并且西格件(10a)置于西格件中的凹槽(10)中,并且之后,该连接管配件(3)被置放并且夹持到壳体(3)的套环(11a)上;之后,容器被填充气体,直到在容器内侧的压力值变得恒定并且根据三种缠绕图案即螺旋、极向和环向来做出加强丝束的承载缠绕包裹来制造复合层(2);最终,使整个结构热硬化。

Description

高压复合容器和制造高压复合容器的方法
技术领域
本发明的主题是一种特别地被设计成用来储存经加压液体和气体的高压复合容器,以及一种制造高压复合容器的方法。
背景技术
较常用的是高压吹塑热塑性容器,其具有陷入或胶合到衬套的金属连接配件,并且那些容器的整个主体使用缠绕技术利用放置于其上的纤维复合材料而加强。
压力器皿和制造压力器皿的方法从发明No.GB 1134033的说明书已知。根据所引用的发明,制造这种容器的方法包括以下步骤:在许多加强纤维上分层以形成所谓的囊状物(bladder),并且使用能够通过将所有纤维结合在一起来形成一种包围基质的充足材料以便制成一个非柔性或柔性表皮。如在上述发明的说明书和权利要求书中所用的术语“纤维”是指任何形状的单个纤维以及指扁平带。纤维在其整个表面上在囊状物的两端之间在经线方向上拉伸,并且随后加强缠绕被螺旋地绕制在囊状物的圆柱形部分内。优选地,使用了玻璃纤维。用于制造囊状物(衬套)的材料是延展性弹性体材料,优选地为橡胶。
发明No.EP 1586807的说明书公开了一种复合罐和其制造方法。所公开的复合罐包括内部部分(所谓的囊状物,内管或衬套)和两件式套环,两件式套环与所述内部部分相连接;所述两件式套环具有内部部分和外部部分,所述内部部分设有带突出部的外表面以形成与套管式衬套的颈部的连接,并且外部部分也设有内表面,所述内表面邻接所述内部部分的一个片段以便能允许它们的彼此结合。此外,套环的外部部分也具有固定套环,固定套环应搁靠抵靠着一顶端及所述衬套的所述外表面以对阀元件加以固定,而在套环和衬套上,放置了两层复合材料。必需的是,所述套环的所述内部部分带有螺纹,并且套环被形成于外部部分与内部部分之间。因此所述套环基本上为两件式元件;此事实影响了它的生产方法,因为根据本发明,套环的内部部分与衬套一起形成,而且底部内表面被保持不与衬套结合(不连接)。之后,套环的外部部分被连接到所述衬套并且整个组件被多个复合材料层所覆盖;外层由玻璃纤维制成。
压力复合容器从专利No.EP0753700的说明书已知;在这个专利中的容器被设计成用以储存经加压液体气体。特别地,专利的目的是构造一种复合容器的连接配件。根据上述专利,容器的特征在于设有凹部,在凹部中,容器与连接配件相连接;在凹部(在加强区内),设有内部部分和外部部分,内部部分和外部部分二者都设有螺纹;并且一种密封斜切垫圈被放置于容器的外表面与套环的底表面之间;垫圈的斜面朝向容器的中轴线定向;在容器的颈部分的前侧上,设有密封环,密封环由特征为低杨氏(弹性)模量和高伸长率的材料制成。
从已公开的专利No.EP2112423,已知一种生产多层器皿的方法,多层器皿被设计成用以特别地储存经加压液体和气体。这种方法在于同时制造器皿和连接配件二者。
在专利No.EP08102903中公开的方法中,预成型件通过螺纹与连接配件相连接并且这种预成型件被加热到制成它的材料的塑化温度。接下来,这种预成型件被吹塑成型为容器本身的工作尺寸。通过使容器与上面所缠绕的树脂浸渍纤维发生层合,通过硬化并且利用额外保护层覆盖容器,来整饰/加强了所述容器。
从专利申请No.WO2010059068已知一种制造高压储存器皿的方法,高压储存器皿用来在较高压力下储存特别是液体和气体;这种方法在于使用制造由热塑性材料制成的预成型件的任何已知技术来制造部件;预成型件被恰好成形为预期的器皿并且被吹塑成型以便得到所需大小;其外表面通过缠绕树脂浸渍纤维而得以被加强;预成型件与连接配件以及与上衬垫和下衬垫相匹配,上衬垫和下衬垫的形状对应于连接配件中的凹部和预成型件/器皿的底部的形状;最后,根据如在发明中所描述的方法来制造出高压力器皿。
已知的方案表明,在高压容器生产过程的第一阶段,通过吹塑成型一种热塑性预成型件来制造出衬套;之后,使衬套与连接配件以螺旋方式相连接。通常,在生产一种被设计成在升高的压力下工作的容器的最后阶段,制造出一种层合的加强件,即,纤维被适当地缠绕到容器的表面上,例如在编号为US20050167433、PL 197773和EP 08102903的发明中。
根据欧洲专利申请EP0203631,用于经加压容器的环形闭合件由一种内部环形螺纹元件构成为一件。位于经加压容器中的其端部具有比这个经加压容器的端部的直径更大的直径。凸起被设置于此端部上,该端部适配于在所述经加压容器的开口中为此目的而制成的凹口内。另一端的很大比例的外表面配备有螺纹。所述环形闭合件的另外部分是外环形部分,其内面配备有螺纹从而使得此外部部分可以被螺纹方式旋拧到配备有内部部分螺纹的端部上。
在上述公开中,所采用的连接配件是带螺纹的并且这常常在两种不同材料即容器的聚合物和配件的金属彼此接触的点(连接点)处造成不可控的泄漏。
欧洲专利申请EP0815383公开了一种用于经加压流体的塑料器皿,呈现塑料材料的中空主体并且包括了在限定用于通往器皿内侧的喷嘴的一种管状金属插件周围所模制的至少一个环形安装部分。所述管状金属插件承载一种连接环,所述连接环在轴向压缩一种环形密封装置抵紧所述插件的一种环形承座件并且器皿的主体随后通过后者的环形安装部分而融合到该处。
发明内容
根据本发明,高压容器包括:圆柱形壳体,其通过吹塑具有套环的预成型件而制成,由塑料材料、优选地是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PETE)或聚酰胺而制成;使用由高模量碳纤维制成的编织件来加强的复合层;以及连接配件。
在壳体的底部部分中,与所述连接配件相对,设有由铝制成的加强底部单元并且固定于容器的复合层内;该单元如拱状般弯曲,并且其凸出部分朝向壳体的中心定向;其中,底部单元接触所述容器的底部,其被成形为拱形凸出分支翼,拱形凸出分支翼粘附到壳体的拱形凹入底部;该单元也配备有安装于复合层内侧的额外环形突出部。在连接配件的侧部上,设有垫圈以与连接配件相匹配。铝连接配件被制造为一个整体元件并且配备有固定套环,所述固定套环被设计成搁靠在壳体的外部上;在固定套环上方,设有一个外部环形突出部,这个外部环形突出部放置于连接配件的开口周围。
在连接配件的内部部分的圆周上,设有环形密封凹槽,环形密封凹槽中具有O形环密封件,O形环密封件包括用于西格圈(seeger ring)的外固定凹槽,其防止由于作用于复合容器上的力而可能发生的轴向移位。
连接配件与通过吹塑一种预成型件而制造的壳体相连接;在预成型件的上部中,设有环形凹槽,当壳体与连接配件相连接时,固定凹槽被制造以便恰好朝向所述壳体的套环中的凹槽,且壳体套环安装有西格圈,并且内密封凹槽必须恰好处于壳体套环的圆柱形部分中,其中O形环密封件安装于内密封凹槽中。西格圈的截面为具有直角的梯形。其垂直表面紧密地适配于所述连接配件中和壳体套环中的凹槽壁,并且直角防止产生可能会造成环从凹槽滑出的力分量,而斜切(mitre-cut)使得可能将预成型件插入到先前固定于所述连接配件中的固定凹槽中的西格圈内。
在所述连接配件与配备所述套环的壳体相连接之后,在西格圈的截面中的直角使得整个系统变得不可分离。
此外,根据本发明的连接配件的构造造成所述密封环在复合容器的气体压力下扭曲并且向O形环密封件施加压力。由于密封和O形环的扭曲,则除去了可能留在连接配件的内表面与密封件之间的气体;另外,根据能量守恒定律,从容器内侧施加到所述连接配件上的压力和由所述连接配件材料施加到密封环上的力变得均衡。在连接配件与气体之间相互作用的力抵消,并且以此方式,确保了整个接头的稳定性。由具有西格圈的固定凹槽来提供了接头的额外稳定,且其在预成型件套环中执行;这个元件是用于整个接头的优良的额外密封,因为其构成不可拆卸的并且特别耐高压的阻挡件。
壳体,即,吹塑预成型件和连接配件被放置在一起并且包裹于复合材料层中;之后,它们被覆盖有额外保护层以变成一种耐受动态超载/过载的混合物。
根据本发明,制造复合高压容器的方法在于:吹塑由优选地聚对苯二甲酸酯、乙烯、或聚酰胺制成的预成型件,并且连接所制造的壳体与一种连接配件,并且通过在容器表面上做出复合加强件来增强预期的容器,而在对预成型件进行吹塑之前,在结构上与所述连接配件协同工作的预成型件的套环经历一种局部结晶过程。预成型件套环经历结晶的长度等于其与容器的所述连接配件连接的长度。
结晶过程在于将预成型件套环逐渐加热到介于与聚合物的熔融温度与玻璃转化温度之间的温度,优选地到接近于介于这两个温度之间中点的温度。温度取决于制造所述预成型件的聚合物类型并且其范围是在135℃与165℃之间,而执行加热过程持续一段不超过10分钟,优选地5至6分钟的时间段。
在进行的结晶过程期间,预成型件套环与预成型件的其它部分隔离以避免结晶的不受控制的传播。在完成了加热之后,预成型件的塑化套环被放置于金属圆柱形心轴上并且在洗浴液中逐步冷却持续4分钟至10分钟,优选地5分钟至6分钟。在冷却所述预成型件时,所用心轴的截面直径等于所述连接配件的内径;这保证了所产生的接头完好无缺的紧密性。
受控制的结晶过程导致聚合物的热分解,即导致它们的降解进而导致有序地排列的、层状多晶结构,这有效地改进了冲击强度、拉伸强度和压缩强度;而且,增加了偏转温度和挠曲(弯曲)模量。
所述预成型件套环的结晶化导致了预成型件套环的外层的真正结晶;这意味着在截面内,预成型件套环的外侧层具有有序地排列的、层状多晶结构,其特征为所需的强度和硬度,而中间层(大约30%)具有非晶形的更柔韧结构。预成型件套环的混合的结晶-非晶形结构良好地促进了容器的紧密性。在复合容器的通常使用条件下,中间层的柔韧性改进了容器对于拉伸和压缩应力的耐受性。
在完成了结晶过程时,一种环形凹槽形成于预成型件的外表面上,且止挡凹槽的截面为具有直角的梯形。
于是利用任何用以产生所需的形状和尺寸的公知的方法来吹塑具有套环的预先制备的预成型件。之后,将准备好的壳体与连接配件安装在一起,所述连接配件配备有固定套环并且设有底部单元。容器随后被填充气体,这强固了所述容器的壁并且防止容器壁坍缩;在下一步骤中,利用加强复合层来覆盖所述容器。为了加强所述容器的外表面,使用热固性树脂,优选地聚酯树脂以及纤维,优选地碳和芳纶纤维束,而纤维在束中的排布方式是至关重要的:纤维必须完全以相同次序排布,例如,碳纤维-芳纶纤维-碳纤维。
利用三种缠绕图案即螺旋、极向和环向缠绕,使用湿丝缠绕技术,通过缠绕丝束来制造复合层。
缠绕纤维的顺序如下:呈极向图案的若干个包裹,优选地4个包裹;呈螺旋图案的若干包裹,优选地三个包裹;呈环向图案的若干包裹,优选地三个;以及呈极向图案的一个包裹。
在螺旋缠绕中,缠绕了丝束,并且同时,容器或缠绕心轴旋转,并且沿着容器的整个长度移动,导致旋转轴线的以一定角度的倾斜,该角度是在49°至59°的范围,优选地54°。螺旋缠绕的包裹确保了加强纤维的最佳操作效果。在缠绕继续的同时,使容器轻微地振动;振动改进了纤维在衬套中的布置并且消除了在复合材料中的空隙空间。缠绕在从2至2.8巴的范围的容器中的恒定内压下进行;压力值取决于容器的大小。压力近似地与容器大小成反比。
极向缠绕是包裹纤维的第二缠绕图案:在缠绕心轴从容器的一个极传递到另一个极时丝束被包裹,并且同时,纤维丝束绕所述连接配件旋转,并且因此变成用来固定所述连接配件的单元。
环向(或周围)缠绕是第三缠绕图案。其用来加强容器的圆柱形部分。由环氧树脂来加强个别纤维层。
在制造了包括10至12个纤维缠绕包裹的复合层之后,容器经历硬化过程,即,容器绕其轴线缓慢旋转并且温度在一段时间内以有规律的固定间隔逐渐升高。硬化过程始于将容器加热到20℃的温度。维持这个温度恒定,持续16至28个小时的时间,优选地24个小时。在此期间,聚合物交联,即,在它们之间形成交联(被称作桥),并且因此,线性聚合物分子被转变为空间大分子。交联过程的时间和温度改进了聚合物的参数,例如,刚性、耐候性、耐辐射性和耐温性。在交联后,温度逐渐升高,发生热硬化过程。容器首先保持在20℃+/-2℃的温度持续24+/-2小时的时间;之后,在45℃+/-2℃持续不超过72+/-2小时的时间(始于容器加热过程已开始的时刻);然后,在不超过70℃+/-2℃的温度持续另外34+/-2小时;且最后,在不超过25℃+/-2℃的温度持续8+/-2小时。在上述的硬化过程之后,复合层的热强度增加到高于80℃的值。
制造根据本发明的复合容器的最后阶段是做出耐受紫外线、耐水、耐化学物质和耐机械冲击的额外保护层。
所述复合容器极其结实耐用,抗变形、耐高温、和耐化学物。此外,其具有较轻重量并且因此,其具有许多应用,例如,用于紧急医疗服务(EMS)、化学紧急服务、消防、用作彩弹球气瓶和深海潜水瓶。根据本发明的容器的很重要的特征之一在于其是100%非腐蚀性的。
附图说明
容器即本发明的主题由包括若干视图的附图中所描绘的一实施例来例示:
图1示出了复合高压容器的轴向截面图;
图2示出了具有连接配件的衬套的轴向截面图;
图3示出了衬套的轴向截面图;
图4示出了连接配件的轴向截面图;
图5示出了O形环密封件的轴向截面图;
图6示出了西格圈的轴向截面图;
图7示出了预成型件的轴向截面图;
图8示出了极向缠绕图案;
图9示出了螺旋缠绕图案;以及
图10示出了环向/环圈(或周围)缠绕图案。
具体实施方式
示例1:
根据本发明的复合高压容器包括:壳体1,其由吹塑预成型件11制成,吹塑预成型件11配备有套环11a和复合层2,利用一种由高模量碳和芳纶纤维制成的编织件而加强;以及,由铝制成的连接配件3。
预成型件由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PETE)或聚酰胺制成。
如图1所示,在壳体1内侧,与连接配件3相对,设有加强底部单元4,加强底部单元4由铝制成并且被固定于容器的复合层2内。在所述底部单元4接触容器底部的位置,其被成形为拱形凸出的分支翼5,拱形凸出的分支翼5粘附到壳体的拱形凹入的底部上。该底部单元4还配备有额外环形突出部6,额外环形突出部6安装于复合层2内部。所述连接配件3被制造为一个整体元件并且配备有固定套环7,固定套环7被设计成用以搁置在壳体的外部上。在所述固定套环上方设有一个外部环形突出部8,这个额外环形突出部8置于所述连接配件的开口周围。
在连接配件3的内部部分的圆周上,设有环形密封凹槽9,环形密封凹槽9中安装有O形环密封件9a,并且设有用于西格圈10a的固定凹槽10,其防止由于作用于复合容器上的力可能造成的轴向移位。
在对预成型件11进行吹塑成型时,连接配件3与所制造的壳体1相连接。在预成型件11的上部中,设有带环形凹槽11b的套环11a,其被制造成使得一旦壳体1与连接配件3相连接,则在连接配件3中的外环形凹槽10恰好朝向在预成型件套环11a中的凹槽11b,并且内密封凹槽9和安装于所述凹槽中的O形环密封件9a恰好被承座/安放在所述预成型件套环11a的圆柱形部分中。
示例:2
根据本发明制造复合高压容器的所提出方法的第一阶段在于使预成型件11的套环经历局部结晶过程。预成型件套环11a的长度等于与所述连接配件3的连接的长度。在开始局部结晶之前,预成型件套环11a与预成型件11的其它部分隔离以便避免结晶的不受控制的传播的现象。结晶过程包括逐渐加热所述预成型件套环11a持续优选地6分钟,直到接近介于玻璃转化温度与熔融温度之间中点的温度。在完成加热之后,塑化的预成型件套环被放置于金属圆柱形心轴上并且在洗浴液(bath wash)中逐步冷却持续优选地6分钟,并且在冷却所述预成型件时,所用的心轴的截面直径等于连接配件的内径。结晶过程的效果在于所产生的套环结构是结晶的-非晶形的。
在完成了局部结晶过程后,在预成型件套环11a的外表面上做出环形凹槽11b,并且做出这个凹槽从而使得一旦壳体1与连接配件3相连接,则凹槽11b恰好朝向所述连接配件3的固定凹槽10,并且所述密封凹槽9及安装于凹槽9中的O形环密封件9a恰好被承座/安放于所述预成型件套环11a的圆柱形部分中。
在此方法的随后阶段,使用任何用以获得所需形状和尺寸的任何公知的技术来吹塑成型具有套环11a的预先制备的预成型件11,其经历了受控制的结晶过程并且具有环形凹槽11b。之后,准备好的壳体与所述连接配件3安装在一起,连接配件3配备有固定套环7和底部单元4。容器随后被填充气体,直到获得了2巴的所希望的恒定气体压力值。之后,整个容器被涂布加强复合层2。
利用三种缠绕图案即在图6至图8中所展示的螺旋、极向和环向(hoop)缠绕,使用湿丝缠绕(wet filament winding)技术,通过缠绕浸渍了树脂优选地环氧树脂的丝束来制造复合层。
优选地,缠绕丝束的顺序如下:根据极向图案缠绕的四个包裹;根据螺旋图案做出的三个包裹;根据环向图案缠绕的三个包裹;以及,根据极向图案做出的一个包裹。
在螺旋缠绕中,丝束被缠绕并且同时,容器或缠绕心轴发生旋转,并且沿着容器的整个长度移动,与旋转轴线呈一定倾斜角,优选地54°。螺旋缠绕的包裹确保了加强丝的最佳操作效果。当缠绕继续时,使容器轻微地振动。振动改进了在衬套中的丝布置并且消除了在复合材料中的空隙空间。
当施用极向缠绕图案时,当所述缠绕心轴从容器的一个极传递到另一个极时包裹所述丝束,并且同时,丝束绕所述连接配件传递。其变成用来固定所述连接配件的元件。
在制造了包括10至12个丝缠绕包裹的复合层之后,容器经历硬化过程。当容器绕其轴线缓慢旋转时,温度在一段时间以有规律的固定间隔而逐渐升高。在硬化过程的第一阶段,容器被保持在20℃的温度持续24小时的时段。在此时段期间,聚合物交联,并且因此,刚性和耐候性、耐辐射性和耐温性增加。在交联后,温度逐渐升高并且因此,热强度增加到46℃。之后,温度升高到45℃并且容器被保持在这个温度持续最多24小时。然后,同样,温度升高至70℃并且被维持恒定另外24小时。最后,在12小时的时段期间,温度降低到23℃。根据所主张的本发明,在硬化过程期间所获得的热强度是82℃。
在制造根据本发明的复合容器的最终阶段,容器被涂布额外保护层以保护其防止紫外线、水、化学物质,并且另外增加其冲击强度。
根据本发明的复合容器的特征在于优良的机械性质(高抗变形性、高疲劳强度和高冲击强度)。

Claims (20)

1.一种高压复合容器,所述高压复合容器包括:能够通过对热塑性材料的预成型件进行吹塑而生成的并且与预成型件套环(11a)一体形成的壳体(1),具有固定套环(7)的连接配件(3),在所述连接配件(3)中成形的密封凹槽(9)中安装的O形环密封件(9a),以及在与所述密封凹槽(9)相对的在所述连接配件(3)中成形的固定凹槽(10)中安装的西格圈(10a),用以将所述预成型件套环(11a)固定在所述连接配件(3)中,
其特征在于,环形凹槽(11b)成形在所述预成型件套环(11a)的外侧中,并且在将所述壳体(1)安装至所述连接配件(3)之后,所述环形凹槽(11b)朝向在所述连接配件(3)中成形的所述固定凹槽(10),并且所述密封凹槽(9)朝向所述预成型件套环(11a)的内部圆柱形侧。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合容器,其特征在于,所述西格圈(10a)的截面为具有直角的梯形。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合容器,其特征在于,具有所述预成型件套环(11a)的所述壳体(1)由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PETE)或聚酰胺制成。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合容器,其特征在于,所述复合容器具有底部单元(4),所述底部单元(4)具有与所述壳体(1)的拱形凹入底部适配的拱形凸出分支翼(5),并且所述连接配件(3)具有在所述连接配件(3)的开口周围的外部环形突出部(8),而且所述底部单元(4)具有设置于加强复合层(2)内侧的额外环形突出部(6)。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合容器,其特征在于,所述壳体(1)利用外部的复合层(2)加强,并且此复合层(2)制成为呈浸渍了环氧树脂的碳-芳纶丝束的编织件的形式。
6.根据权利要求5所述的复合容器,其特征在于,所述碳-芳纶丝束使用两个外部碳丝和一个内部芳纶丝形成。
7.一种制造高压复合容器的方法,所述复合容器包括能够通过将预成型件(11)吹塑为所需尺寸而生成的壳体(1),所述壳体(1)与连接配件(3)相连接,并且在外部由复合层(2)加强,并且其中使用任何技术来制成热塑性材料的预成型件,
其特征在于,所述预成型件(11)首先经历受控制的结晶过程,并且然后,在所述预成型件套环(11a)中做出环形凹槽(1ib),并且随后,吹塑所述预成型件(11)为所需尺寸并且与连接配件(3)组装在一起,所述连接配件(3)配备有固定套环(7),使得O形环密封件(9a)放置于所述连接配件(3)中的密封凹槽(9)中,并且西格圈(10a)放置于所述连接配件(3)中的固定凹槽(10)中,并且之后,所述连接配件(3)被置放并且夹持到所述壳体(1)的所述预成型件套环(11a)上;并且之后,所述复合容器被填充气体,直到在所述复合容器内侧的压力变得恒定,并且通过根据三种缠绕图案即螺旋、极向、和环向缠绕图案来编织加强丝束而制造所述复合层(2);并且之后,使所述复合层(2)热硬化。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述预成型件套环(11a)的结晶过程与所述预成型件(11)的其它部分隔离,并且以如下方式进行:所述预成型件套环(11a)逐渐地加热到介于玻璃转化温度与熔点温度之间的中点的温度持续8至10分钟;之后,将塑化的预成型件套环(11a)放置于金属圆柱心轴上,金属圆柱心轴的截面直径等于所述连接配件(3)的内径;并且然后,所述预成型件套环(11a)在洗浴液中逐渐冷却持续4至10分钟。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法,其特征在于,经加热的所述预成型件套环(11a)的温度范围在135℃与165℃之间,并且加热过程持续5分钟至6分钟,而在所述洗浴液中逐渐冷却所述预成型件套环(11a)的过程持续5至6分钟。
10.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述预成型件套环(11a)的结晶过程之后,所述环形凹槽(1ib)成形在所述预成型件套环(11a)的外侧上,使得在所述壳体(1)与所述连接配件(3)装配之后,所述环形凹槽(11b)朝向所述连接配件(3)中的所述固定凹槽(10),并且安装在所述密封凹槽(9)中的所述O形环密封件(9a)会合所述预成型件套环(11a)的内部圆柱形侧。
11.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法,其特征在于,使用热固性树脂和纤维来产生所述复合层(2)。
12.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法,其特征在于,根据螺旋-极向缠绕图案进行所述编织,即,每次所述缠绕心轴在所述复合容器的极之间经过并且绕所述连接配件(3)旋转时,缠绕所述丝束,并且旋转轴线的倾斜角度维持恒定。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,丝束缠绕的过程在所述复合容器内侧以介于2巴至2.8巴之间范围的恒定压力继续,并且所述复合容器里面的压力值与容器大小成反比。
14.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,通过连续缠绕10至12次丝束包裹来制成所述复合层(2)。
15.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,在缠绕所述丝束时,使所述复合容器轻微地振动。
16.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述硬化过程期间,温度以预设时间间隔从20℃逐步升高到70℃;并且,在所述复合容器绕复合容器的轴线缓慢旋转时,并且在所述硬化过程的第一阶段,所述复合容器维持在20℃+/-2℃的温度持续24小时+/-2小时的时间段,对比而言在第二阶段中维持在45℃+/-2℃的温度持续从所述硬化开始不超过72小时+/-2小时的时间段,并且在第三阶段,所述温度升高到70℃+/-2℃并且保持恒定持续34小时+/-2小时,并且在第四阶段,所述温度降低到23℃+/-2℃并且所述复合容器保持在这个温度持续12小时+/-2小时。
17.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述热固性树脂是环氧树脂,并且所述纤维是碳-芳纶丝束。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,所述碳-芳纶丝束包括两个外部碳丝和一个内部芳纶丝。
19.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述倾斜角度介于53°与55°之间。
20.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,所述连续缠绕10至12次丝束包裹包括:根据极向缠绕图案的四次包裹,根据螺旋缠绕图案的三次包裹,根据环向缠绕图案的三次包裹,以及根据极向缠绕图案的一次包裹。
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US20160348839A1 (en) 2016-12-01
MY194447A (en) 2022-11-30
RU2679689C1 (ru) 2019-02-12
ES2690417T3 (es) 2018-11-20
DK3094914T3 (en) 2018-10-29
IL245359A0 (en) 2016-06-30
CA2928446A1 (en) 2015-07-23
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CN105705856A (zh) 2016-06-22
UA119546C2 (uk) 2019-07-10

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