CN105705822B - 弹簧减震器轴承 - Google Patents

弹簧减震器轴承 Download PDF

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CN105705822B
CN105705822B CN201480058826.1A CN201480058826A CN105705822B CN 105705822 B CN105705822 B CN 105705822B CN 201480058826 A CN201480058826 A CN 201480058826A CN 105705822 B CN105705822 B CN 105705822B
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lid
spring damper
damper bearing
hard portion
soft part
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CN105705822A (zh
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安德烈亚斯·沃尔纳
亚历山大·泽尼克尔
赖纳·卢茨
拉尔夫·施陶特纳
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F16C35/04Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C35/06Mounting or dismounting of ball or roller bearings; Fixing them onto shaft or in housing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32Details
    • F16F9/54Arrangements for attachment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G15/00Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type
    • B60G15/02Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring
    • B60G15/06Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper
    • B60G15/067Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper characterised by the mounting on the vehicle body or chassis of the spring and damper unit
    • B60G15/068Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper characterised by the mounting on the vehicle body or chassis of the spring and damper unit specially adapted for MacPherson strut-type suspension
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72Sealings
    • F16C33/74Sealings of sliding-contact bearings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72Sealings
    • F16C33/76Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/78Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F16C35/02Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of sliding-contact bearings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32Details
    • F16F9/3207Constructional features
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16JPISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00Sealings
    • F16J15/16Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/32Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings
    • F16J15/3204Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings with at least one lip
    • F16J15/3232Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings with at least one lip having two or more lips
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/12Mounting of springs or dampers
    • B60G2204/128Damper mount on vehicle body or chassis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/40Auxiliary suspension parts; Adjustment of suspensions
    • B60G2204/418Bearings, e.g. ball or roller bearings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2326/00Articles relating to transporting
    • F16C2326/01Parts of vehicles in general
    • F16C2326/05Vehicle suspensions, e.g. bearings, pivots or connecting rods used therein

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Sealing Of Bearings (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种带有盖(1)且带有相对于盖(1)以能围绕转动轴线(D)转动的方式支承的引导圈的弹簧减震器轴承,其中,在盖(1)与引导圈之间布置有推力轴承,其中,盖(1)具有密封装置(8),并且其中,盖(1)与引导圈在盖(1)的内直径上借助卡合连接部(2)连接,并且其中,盖(1)具有卡合连接部(2)的第一元件(3),并且引导圈具有卡合连接部(2)的第二元件,第一元件和第二元件形状锁合地彼此嵌接,其中,第一元件(3)构造为两部分式构件(5),该两部分式构件的软部分(7)形状锁合地嵌入第二元件中,并且该两部分式构件的硬部分(6)构造成软部分(7)的加固部。

Description

弹簧减震器轴承
技术领域
本发明涉及一种弹簧减震器轴承,其设置成用于弹簧减震器。
背景技术
弹簧减震器轴承是在单轮悬架中的车轮悬架的部件。车轮悬架对所追求的驾驶安全性和驾驶舒适性以及车轮轻松并精确地转向提供支持。车轮悬架应当从结构上防止路面噪音并且应当是尽可能轻的。根据实施方案而定地,弹簧减震器轴承引导减震器弹簧并且形成用于减震器-末端止挡的支撑面。弹簧减震器轴承接收通过减震器弹簧或减震器所传递的径向力和轴向力,并且负责减震器弹簧在转向以及压下弹簧时的低摩擦且无应力的扭转,并且因此在无回调力矩的情况下工作。
弹簧减震器轴承经常是所谓的McPherson弹簧减震器(麦弗逊式弹簧减震器)的部件。该弹簧减震器主要由弹簧、减震器和转向节组成。弹簧减震器轴承设置有紧固在底架侧的弹簧减震器罩上的盖,并且设置有引导圈,减震器弹簧支撑在该引导圈上并且由该引导圈引导。引导圈能相对于盖转动地支承。轴承能够在转向时实现弹簧相对于车身的转动,这是因为在转向运动时整个弹簧减震器发生转动。
由DE 10 2006 057 559 A1公知了一种弹簧减震器轴承,其具有盖以及能相对于盖转动的引导圈。在盖与引导圈之间布置有推力轴承。盖和引导圈借助卡合连接部彼此形状锁合地(formschlüssig)不会松脱地组合成一个结构单元。密封元件与盖一体式地构造,该密封元件在盖的内周和外周上延伸。
发明内容
本发明的任务是提供一种弹簧减震器轴承,其结构简单并且能成本低廉地制造。
根据本发明,该任务通过带有盖且带有相对于盖以能围绕转动轴线转动的方式支承的引导圈的弹簧减震器轴承来解决,其中,在盖与引导圈之间布置有推力轴承,其中,盖具有密封装置,并且其中,盖与引导圈在盖的内直径上借助卡合连接部连接,并且其中,盖具有卡合连接部的第一元件,并且引导圈具有卡合连接部的第二元件,该第一元件和第二元件形状锁合地彼此嵌接,其中,第一元件构造为两部分式构件,该两部分式构件的软部分形状锁合地嵌入第二元件中,并且两部分式构件的硬部分构造成软部分的加固部。
弹簧减震器轴承具有盖和借助卡合连接部与盖防松脱地连接的引导圈。在盖与引导圈之间设置有轴承。该轴承可构造为推力轴承或向心轴承,以及构造为滑动轴承或滚动轴承。
弹簧减震器轴承借助盖紧固在底架侧的弹簧减震器罩上或顶部支架上。
根据本发明的弹簧减震器轴承具有盖,其具有卡合连接部的第一元件。卡合连接部设置在盖的内直径上,其中,盖具有卡合连接部的第一元件。第一元件构造为两部分式的构件,该两部分式的构件具有软部分和硬部分。软部分形状锁合地嵌入引导圈的第二元件中。硬部分充当软部分的加固部。软部分借助硬部分来加固具有如下优点,即,可以提高轴承壳体的拆卸力。这意味着拆卸力可以实现为大于100N。此外,借助软部分获得了卡接部的改进的密封效果。
有利的是,整个盖由两部分式构件构造。两部分式构件例如借助两部分注塑方法(Zweikomponentenspritzgussverfahren)制造,其中,两个部分材料锁合地(stoffschlüssig)彼此连接。
在本发明的一个优选构造方案中,硬部分设置在软部分的内直径上,以便获得最优的加固。此外,硬部分构造成软部分的保护部,由此,该软部分可以受到保护免受大的力作用。这种保护促成弹簧减震器轴承的使用寿命延长。
优选的是,硬部分节段式地设置。硬部分以在软部分的内直径上均匀分布的方式设置为各个节段。这种结构具有如下优点,即,卡接部在没有设置硬部分的部位上还是弹性地实施。另一优点在于,由于卡接部借助软部分来构造,所以在接触盖和引导圈时可以导致较小的噪音生成。
在本发明的另一设计方案中,硬部分在软部分的整个内直径上延伸。通过环形的硬部分可以获得对软部分的充分加固。因此,在高拆卸力的情况下减小了磨损并且提高了使用寿命。
优选的是,硬部分是聚酰胺。也可以考虑使用其他塑料或金属原料。
优选的是,第一元件构造为卡合挡边。卡合挡边可以环形地构造,替选地也可以由多个卡合凸鼻来构造。卡合挡边构造为盖的在转动轴线的轴向方向上伸出的部分,其嵌入引导圈的第二元件中。
在本发明的一个设计方案中,密封装置具有密封元件,该密封元件滑摩式地(schleifend)抵靠在引导圈上。密封装置可以套筒式地构造有端侧的密封唇。有利地,密封装置也可以设置有两个密封唇。多个密封唇或一个密封唇可以限界出环形空腔,该环形空腔例如可以为了改进密封效果而被填充油脂。密封装置的任意其他形状或其他布置方式也是可行的。
密封装置的原料可以是弹性体或具有橡胶特性的其他塑料。密封装置能够不依赖于弹簧减震器轴承相对于弹簧减震器的结构组件的位置和中心地实现相对于配对密封面的密封。
附图说明
以下参考三幅附图示出本发明的三个实施例。其中:
图1示出穿过根据本发明的按第一实施方式的弹簧减震器轴承的盖的纵剖图;
图2示出穿过根据本发明的按第二实施方式的弹簧减震器轴承的盖的纵剖图;并且
图3示出穿过根据本发明的按第三实施方式的弹簧减震器轴承的盖的纵剖图。
具体实施方式
图1示出穿过根据本发明的按第一实施方式的弹簧减震器轴承的盖1的纵剖图。弹簧减震器轴承具有盖1,以及没有示出的引导圈,该引导圈相对于盖1以能围绕转动轴线D转动的方式支承。盖2借助卡合连接部2与引导圈连接。盖1紧固在机动车辆的底架的没有绘出的罩轴承上。引导圈容纳没有示出的减震器弹簧的轴向端部。减震器弹簧的弹簧力通过引导圈引入盖1中并且从那里导入罩轴承中。
盖1构造为环形的两部分式构件。盖1具有卡合连接部2的第一元件3,该第一元件设置在盖的内直径上。该元件3以在薄壁的区段凸出来的方式构造,并且构造为卡合挡边3a或多个卡合凸鼻。第一元件3构造为两部分式构件5,并且具有硬部分6和软部分7。两部分式构件5优选以两部分注塑方法制造。可以使用例如聚酰胺作为硬部分6。
软部分7用于与引导圈形状锁合地连接,其中,软部分7构造成卡合挡边3的部件。此外,软部分7将弹簧减震器轴承在内直径上密封。硬部分6用于软部分7的加固。由图1能看到的是,硬部分6在软部分7的整个内直径上延伸。
在盖1的外周上,密封装置8构造为带有设置在端部的密封唇9、10的套筒状的凸出部。密封唇9、10在轴向上从弹簧减震器轴承伸出。在密封唇9、10之间构造有环形的空腔11。
图2和图3示出穿过根据本发明的按第二和第三实施方式的弹簧减震器轴承的盖的纵剖图。与在前述的图1中一致的构件设置有同样的附图标记。因此,以下说明在最大程度上限于区别特征。
如由图2能看出的那样,在该实施例中在整个内直径上设置有硬部分。与图1不同的是,卡合挡边3a的区域被从下方喷注(unterspritzt)了硬部分6。
由图3能看出的是,硬部分6节段式地设置在软部分7的内直径上。这导致,卡合连接部2弹性地实施。
附图标记列表
D 转动轴线
1 盖
2 卡合连接部
3 第一元件
3a 卡合挡边
5 两部分式构件
6 硬部分
7 软部分
8 密封装置
9 密封唇
10 密封唇
11 空腔

Claims (7)

1.一种弹簧减震器轴承,所述弹簧减震器轴承带有盖(1)且带有相对于所述盖(1)以能围绕转动轴线(D)转动的方式支承的引导圈,其中,在所述盖(1)与所述引导圈之间布置有推力轴承,其中,所述盖(1)具有密封装置(8),并且其中,所述盖(1)与所述引导圈在所述盖(1)的内直径上借助卡合连接部(2)连接,并且其中,所述盖(1)具有所述卡合连接部(2)的第一元件(3),并且所述引导圈具有所述卡合连接部(2)的第二元件,所述第一元件和所述第二元件形状锁合地彼此嵌接,其特征在于,所述第一元件(3)构造为两部分式构件(5),所述两部分式构件的软部分(7)形状锁合地嵌入所述第二元件中,并且所述两部分式构件的硬部分(6)构造成所述软部分(7)的加固部。
2.根据权利要求1的弹簧减震器轴承,其中,所述硬部分(6)设置在所述软部分(7)的内直径上。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项的弹簧减震器轴承,其中,所述硬部分(6)节段式地设置。
4.根据权利要求1至2中任一项的弹簧减震器轴承,其中,所述硬部分(6)在所述软部分(7)的整个内直径上延伸。
5.根据权利要求1的弹簧减震器轴承,其中,所述硬部分(6)是聚酰胺。
6.根据权利要求1的弹簧减震器轴承,其中,所述第一元件(3)构造为卡合挡边(3a)。
7.根据权利要求1的弹簧减震器轴承,其中,密封装置(8)具有密封元件,所述密封元件滑摩式地抵靠在所述引导圈上。
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