CN105695574A - 一种石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫早期检测的方法及其应用 - Google Patents

一种石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫早期检测的方法及其应用 Download PDF

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CN105695574A
CN105695574A CN201610103850.3A CN201610103850A CN105695574A CN 105695574 A CN105695574 A CN 105695574A CN 201610103850 A CN201610103850 A CN 201610103850A CN 105695574 A CN105695574 A CN 105695574A
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CN105695574B (zh
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章晋勇
石琼
朱志飞
王敏
马兴宇
吴小江
吴菲菲
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Abstract

本发明公开一种石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫早期检测的方法及其应用,包括以下步骤:(1)选取石斑鱼的前肠,刮取肠内容物;(2)提取石斑鱼前肠内容物的基因组DNA;(3)以提取的基因组DNA为模板,采用特异性引物,进行PCR扩增;(4)然后取步骤(3)的PCR扩增产物进行电泳分析,根据扩增产物的大小判定结果,如果能特异性扩增出450bp的条带即证明该样品感染石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫。本发明解决了由于石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫个体小而造成的诊断困难,实现了诊断的程序化及标准化,检测特异性及灵敏度高,不仅可应用与石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫病的诊断,还可应用于其分子流行病学的调查及评估养殖用水及饵料是否适用于石斑鱼养殖。

Description

一种石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫早期检测的方法及其应用
技术领域
本发明属于动物分子生物学领域,具体涉及一种石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫早期检测的方法及其应用。
背景技术
石斑鱼为暖水性礁栖鱼类,广泛分布于太平洋和印度洋的热带亚热带海域,是驰名世界的重要海水养殖鱼类属于鲈形目(Perciformes),鮨科(Serranidae),石斑鱼亚科(Epinephelinae),是驰名世界的名贵海产鱼类,是中国南方沿海广东海南福建广西等海水养殖业的主要对象,经济价值巨大(林浩然2012)。但随着石斑鱼高密度养殖的普及、养殖水域的交叉污染,病害已成为限制石斑鱼养殖业健康发展的主要因子之一,如苗种标粗阶段的神经坏死病毒(刘晓丹,2014)。自2011年开始,海南石斑鱼主要产区包括文昌烟堆、冯家湾和椰林一带开始出现了一种称为“白便瘦身”的新病害,随后逐年流行,且危害程度不断增加。初始症状为停止摄食并拉白色粪便(俗称白便),随后鱼体明显消瘦,头骨和腹腔凹陷,背脊肌肉消瘦,严重的为刀刃状,体重仅为正常鱼苗的20-40%(以10cm珍珠龙胆为例,正常鱼体重约50g,而病鱼仅为10-20g),至停料后4-10天累积死亡率可达50%以上,严重的为80-90%,全年都可流行,几乎所有养殖石斑鱼,包括珍珠龙胆、青斑和老虎斑都有感染,流行地域也扩展到海南全境及广西、广东和福建等多个石斑鱼养殖区,给石斑鱼养殖业造成了严重的损失。但由于其致病病原(一种微孢子虫)个体极小,成熟孢子大小1.3-1.5x1.6-2.4微米,普通光镜观察往往容易漏检而和其它造成石斑鱼白便症状混淆,而耽误治疗(如石斑鱼饥饿、饲料问题和细菌感染等都可以导致排泄白色粪便)混淆。且一旦形成成熟孢子后由于孢子壳异常坚硬而对药物极度耐受,即使诊断出,也失去了治疗的最佳时期。因此,开发用于该孢子虫早期检测的快速灵敏方法对于有效防控该病及其阻断其大面积传播十分重要。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫早期检测的特异性引物。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种用于石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫早期检测的试剂盒。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫早期检测的方法。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:
一种用于石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫早期检测的特异性引物,该特异性引物的序列为:EntF:5’-GACGTGACTAAAAGAGCGT-3’;EntR:5’-AAGTTTCAGTCTTGCGGCT-3’。
上述的特异性引物在制备用于石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫早期检测的试剂盒中的应用。
一种用于诊断石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫早期检测的试剂盒,该试剂盒中包含有上述的用于石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫早期检测的特异性引物。
上述的用于石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫早期检测的试剂盒,该试剂盒中还包括PCR技术常用的试剂。
一种石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫早期检测的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)选取石斑鱼的前肠,刮取肠内容物;
(2)提取石斑鱼前肠内容物的基因组DNA;
(3)以提取的基因组DNA为模板,采用权利要求1所述的特异性引物,进行PCR扩增;
(4)然后取步骤3)的PCR扩增产物进行电泳分析,根据扩增产物的大小判定结果,如果能特异性扩增出450bp的条带即证明该样品感染石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫。
上述的石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫早期检测的方法,其所述PCR扩增的反应体系(25μl)为:10×PCRBuffer2.5μl,2.5mMdNTPMixture2.0μl,5U/μlTaKaRaTaq0.3μl,10μMEntF0.5μl,10μMEntR0.5μl,DNA模板2.2μl,ddH2O17μl。
上述的石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫早期检测的方法,其所述PCR扩增的反应程序:95℃*4min;94℃*1min,53℃*1min,72℃*40s,35个循环;72℃*10min。
上述的方法在石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫早期检测中的应用。
本发明基于微孢子虫小核糖体RNA基因发展的PCR诊断方法已应用于多种鱼类微孢子虫病害检测,具有快速、灵敏且易于标准化。本专利主要保护:1)设计的特性检测引物;2)标准化的检测方法,不仅可应用于微孢子虫病的诊断,且可检测石斑鱼养殖过程中包括开口饵料、养殖用水等可能的传播源,对于采取适当的措施阻断病原侵染石斑鱼而达到控制该病发生的目的十分必要。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明的技术方案解决了由于石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫个体小而造成的检测困难,实现了检测的程序化及标准化,检测特异性及灵敏度高,不仅可应用于石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫病的诊断,还可应用于其分子流行病学的调查及评估养殖用水及饵料是否适用于石斑鱼养殖。
附图说明
图1为扩增产物的电泳分析结果。
其中,M为分子量marker;1,10为采用纯化的石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫孢子基因组设置的阳性对照,2-6为待测样品;7-9为未发病养殖场的未感染鱼肠道样品设置的阴性对照。
具体实施方式
实施例1石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫的早期检测方法
(1)选取石斑鱼1cm左右前肠,刮取肠内容物,保存于90%无水酒精中或直接用于基因组DNA的抽提;
(2)采用常规酚氯仿或商业粪便样品基因组抽提试剂盒抽提前肠内容物基因组DNA;
(3)以抽提的基因组DNA为模板,设计并合成特异性引物,进行PCR扩增;
EntF:5’-GACGTGACTAAAAGAGCGT-3’;
EntR:5’-AAGTTTCAGTCTTGCGGCT-3’。
PCR反应体系(25ul):
PCR反应程序:
95℃*4min,
72℃*10min
反应结束后,打开PCR仪,取出完成扩增的样品,于4℃保存。
(4)然后取适量步骤3)的PCR扩增产物用琼脂糖电泳进行分离,经溴乙锭染色后于紫外灯下观察,根据扩增产物的大小判定结果,如果能特异性扩增出450bp的条带即证明该样品感染石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫。
PCR产物检测:取2μlPCR产物,用1.5%琼脂糖凝胶电泳(120V,200mA,25min),溴化乙锭染色。凝胶成像系统检测,如检出大小约为450bp的条带,可初步判定待测样本感染阳性。
为验证本发明技术方案的准确性,利用本发明检测方法对5例镜检未发现石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫孢子的肠道内容物进行检测,检测结果见图1:其中,M为分子量marker;1,10为采用纯化的石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫孢子基因组设置的阳性对照,2-6为待测样品;7-9为未发病养殖场的未感染鱼肠道样品设置的阴性对照。结果表明:确定未感染微孢子虫的阴性对照未检出目的条带,而待测样品中均检出与阳性对照相同的条带,说明5例待测样品均为感染阳性,为进一步验证技术方案的准确性,对5例待测样品的来源养殖场继续进行养殖,养殖过程中均发生大规模的肠道微孢子虫病害。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫早期检测的特异性引物,其特征在于该特异性引物的序列为:EntF:5’-GACGTGACTAAAAGAGCGT-3’;EntR:5’-AAGTTTCAGTCTTGCGGCT-3’。
2.权利要求1所述的特异性引物在制备用于石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫早期检测的试剂盒中的应用。
3.一种用于诊断石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫早期检测的试剂盒,其特征在于该试剂盒中包含有权利要求1所述的用于石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫早期检测的特异性引物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用于石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫早期检测的试剂盒,其特征在于该试剂盒中还包括PCR技术常用的试剂。
5.一种石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫早期检测的方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)选取石斑鱼的前肠,刮取肠内容物;
(2)提取石斑鱼前肠内容物的基因组DNA;
(3)以提取的基因组DNA为模板,采用权利要求1所述的特异性引物,进行PCR扩增;
(4)然后取步骤3)的PCR扩增产物进行电泳分析,根据扩增产物的大小判定结果,如果能特异性扩增出450bp的条带即证明该样品感染石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫。
6.根据权利要求5所述的石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫早期检测的方法,其特征在于所述PCR扩增的反应体系为:10×PCRBuffer2.5μl,2.5mMdNTPMixture2.0μl,5U/μlTaKaRaTaq0.3μl,10μMEntF0.5μl,10μMEntR0.5μl,DNA模板2.2μl,ddH2O17μl。
7.根据权利要求5所述的石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫早期检测的方法,其特征在于所述PCR扩增的反应程序:95℃*4min;94℃*1min,53℃*1min,72℃*40s,35个循环;72℃*10min。
8.权利要求5所述的方法在石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫早期检测中的应用。
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107794305A (zh) * 2017-11-10 2018-03-13 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 一种检测石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫的试剂盒及检测方法
CN108229831A (zh) * 2018-01-11 2018-06-29 中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所 一种基于断面控制评估河流仔鱼资源量的方法

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CN104846098A (zh) * 2015-05-21 2015-08-19 广州金水动物保健品有限公司 一种试剂盒及检测方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107794305A (zh) * 2017-11-10 2018-03-13 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 一种检测石斑鱼肠道微孢子虫的试剂盒及检测方法
CN108229831A (zh) * 2018-01-11 2018-06-29 中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所 一种基于断面控制评估河流仔鱼资源量的方法

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