CN105694217B - 发泡型阻燃聚丙烯颗粒及其制备方法 - Google Patents
发泡型阻燃聚丙烯颗粒及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于新材料技术领域，具体涉及一种发泡型阻燃聚丙烯颗粒及其制备方法，所述发泡型阻燃聚丙烯颗粒其包括以下重量份的组分：聚丙烯60‑80份、聚乙烯18‑30份、发泡剂1‑5份、阻燃剂1‑5份、色母0‑0.5份；所述制备方法为，(1)将配方量的聚丙烯、聚乙烯、阻燃剂、色母在喂料系统中混合；(2)通过双螺杆挤出机的剪切作用，使各组分物料充分熔融混合；(3)注入配方量的发泡剂；(4)熔体在水下切粒机模板处被切粒；(5)切出的聚丙烯颗粒经振筛机筛分，并将筛分的颗粒分类，将不同粒径的产品称重包装。本发明中的发泡型阻燃聚丙烯颗粒，能克服聚丙烯在发泡加工过程中的不利因素，成功生产发泡聚丙烯材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于新材料技术领域，具体涉及一种发泡型阻燃聚丙烯颗粒及其制备方法。
背景技术
发泡聚丙烯制品具有十分优异的抗震吸能性能、形变后恢复率高、很好的耐热性、耐化学品、耐油性和隔热性，另外，其质量轻，可大幅度减轻物品重量。发泡聚丙烯还是一种环保材料，不仅可回收再利用，而且可以自然降解，不会造成白色污染，被称为“绿色”泡沫。发泡聚丙烯由于其良好的力学性能、优良的耐热性能及利于环境友好的性质，是继传统的聚苯乙烯泡沫、聚氨酯泡沫及聚乙烯泡沫之后的新一代泡沫材料，有广泛的应用前景。然而目前国内几乎所有聚丙烯发泡材料制品都是采用国外进口的发泡聚丙烯来进行制备生产的，国内尚无法可工业化生产的技术方法，而国外发泡聚丙烯价格非常高，且运输费用较大。虽然聚丙烯泡沫有良好的性能和应用前景，但聚丙烯泡沫的开发难度很大，目前国内尚未掌握其相关的、可工业化的核心技术，对国外而言，发泡聚丙烯的核心技术也掌握在少数几个国家的少数几个大公司手上，其主要原因是：聚丙烯属结晶型聚合物，在结晶熔点以下几乎不流动，但结晶熔点以上则熔体粘度急剧变小，所以在聚丙烯发泡过程中所产生的气体很难被熔体包住。此外，聚丙烯从熔融态转变为结晶态会放出大量的热量，由熔体转变为固体所需时间较长。加之聚丙烯透气率高，发泡气体易逃逸，故适于聚丙烯发泡的温度区间窄，因此要得到泡孔均匀细密、发泡倍率高的制品具有一定的难度。
发明内容
本发明主要提供了一种发泡型阻燃聚丙烯颗粒及利用这种颗粒可以一步法挤出发泡的方法，该方法生产的改性聚丙烯颗粒，可通过工艺参数的调整，可适应不同的组份配比，能克服聚丙烯在发泡加工过程中的不利因素，成功生产发泡聚丙烯材料。其技术方案如下：一种发泡型阻燃聚丙烯颗粒，其包括以下重量份的组分：聚丙烯60-80份、聚乙烯18-30份、发泡剂1-5份、阻燃剂1-5份、色母0-0.5份。
一种发泡型阻燃聚丙烯颗粒，其包括以下重量份的组分：聚丙烯73份、聚乙烯20份、发泡剂2份、阻燃剂2份、色母0.1份。
优选的，所述聚丙烯为高熔体强度聚丙烯，所述聚乙烯为高熔体强度聚乙烯。
优选的，所述发泡剂选自惰性气体、脂肪烃、饱和脂环烃、氟烷烃、醚和酮中的一种或它们任意比例的混合物。
优选的，所述发泡剂为戊烷和丁烷中的一种或二者任意比例的混合物。
优选的，所述阻燃剂为六溴十二烷或其同系物。
优选的，所述色母为以PE和/或PP作为载体含粉红或者黑色颜料的母粒。
一种发泡型阻燃聚丙烯颗粒的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将配方量的聚丙烯、聚乙烯、阻燃剂、色母在喂料系统中混合；
(2)通过双螺杆挤出机的剪切作用，使各组分物料充分熔融混合；
(3)注入配方量的发泡剂；
(4)熔体在水下切粒机模板处被切粒；
(5)切出的聚丙烯颗粒经振筛机筛分，并将筛分的颗粒分类，将不同粒径的产品称重包装。
优选的，步骤(2)中挤出机系统挤出温度从机尾到机头逐步降低，聚丙烯熔体流经热交换器，通过改变热交换器的温度设定从而起到对聚丙烯熔体温度的控制；挤出机机筒加热装置分成7个加热区域，其各区域工作温度分别设定为：190℃、190℃、185℃、185℃、180℃、175℃，挤出机与热交换器连接段温度为170℃，热交换器温度为170℃。
优选的，步骤(4)中熔体泵能给予水下切粒机系统模板稳定的熔体压力，所述熔体泵压力为20-200bar，保证了在水下切粒的过程中熔体的稳定性，放空阀温度为160-180℃，模板温度150-170℃，循环水水温为75-85℃，循环水工作时的水压为0-10bar，切刀转速视实际生产的粒子情况而定。
本发明中的聚丙烯原料可以掺入少量回收的聚丙烯粒料，可以做到循环利用，优质环保。
采用上述发泡型阻燃聚丙烯颗粒及其制备方法，本发明具有以下优点：
本发明中制备阻燃聚丙烯颗粒的方法具有生产效率高、配方多样化的特点，其生产具有连续性和较高的生产效率，相比于化学合成的方法，挤出法生产改性阻燃聚丙烯颗粒可以利用部分回收的聚丙烯，可以实现循环利用，能真正做到低碳环保，满足可持续性发展的要求，发泡聚丙烯作为发泡聚苯乙烯的更新换代产品，具有广阔的市场前景，对国内合成树脂工业的发展、扩大聚丙烯发泡材料的应用领域和市场消费及汽车、包装、食品、环保事业的发展都将具有极为重要的意义。
具体实施方式
1.发泡型颗粒的配方
一种发泡型阻燃聚丙烯颗粒，其包括以下重量份的组分：聚丙烯60-80份、聚乙烯18-30份、发泡剂1-5份、阻燃剂1-5份、色母0-0.5份。
2.制备方法
(1)通过失重式多组分喂料系统，精确控制各组分的喂料量，将配方量的聚丙烯、聚乙烯、阻燃剂、色母在喂料系统中混合；
(2)通过双螺杆挤出机的剪切作用，使各组分物料充分熔融混合；
(3)注入配方量的发泡剂；
(4)熔体在水下切粒机模板处被切粒；
(5)切出的聚丙烯颗粒经振筛机筛分，并将筛分的颗粒分类，将不同粒径的产品称重包装。
上述方法生产的发泡型阻燃聚丙烯颗粒通过调节阻燃剂的含量可调节板材的阻燃效果，但是其最大发泡倍率会受到一定的影响。不同熔融指数的聚丙烯原料也会影响其发泡倍率。
具体实施例
实施例1
(1)备料：选取高熔体强度聚丙烯，该聚丙烯为广州市聚赛龙工程塑料有限公司生产的型号为HMSPP SELON-H120的聚丙烯，色母为黑色母粒，阻燃剂为六溴十二烷，物理发泡剂采用戊烷；
(2)通过失重式多组分喂料系统，精确控制各组分的喂料量，按照预定的生产配方，设定好聚丙烯的投料量为73重量份，聚乙烯的量为20重量份，阻燃剂的量为2重量份，色母的量为0.1重量份；
(3)设定挤出机系统各部分的工作温度：机筒温度分别为190℃，190℃，185℃，185℃，180℃，175℃，设定挤出机与热交换器连接段温度为170℃，设置热交换器温度为170℃；
(4)调节挤出机系统压力，然后开始注入发泡剂2重量份，通过调节挤出机转速维持机筒压力防止发泡剂倒流，发泡剂注入之后要对挤出机系统进行适当的温度调整，从而控制切粒机的模板压力，以防止模板压力太低导致切粒时存在有些阻力较大的喷嘴出现不出料的可能性；
(5)逐步调整水下切粒机系统的放空阀温度到170℃，模板温度到160℃，以适应在发泡剂加入后所引起的系统的变化。注入发泡剂之前保证水下切粒机系统循环水水压为3bar，水流量在25m3/h左右，切出来的粒子用振筛机进行筛分，切刀转速视实际生产的粒子情况而定，调节范围1200～2500r/min。对不同粒径的粒子分类进行临时存储，最后通过上料系统将不同规格的粒子输送到包装机进行包装入库。
具体的产品规格如下表1所示：
表1筛分规格表
| 序号 | 颜色 | 粒径(mm) | 可发倍率 |
| 1 | 黑色 | 2～4 | 15～25 |
| 2 | 黑色 | 4～6 | 10～15 |
实施例2
(1)备料：选取高熔体强度聚丙烯，该聚丙烯为广州市聚赛龙工程塑料有限公司生产的型号为HMSPP SELON-B120的聚丙烯，色母为粉色母粒，阻燃剂为六溴十二烷，物理发泡剂采用丁烷；
(2)通过失重式多组分喂料系统，精确控制各组分的喂料量，按照预定的生产配方，设定好聚丙烯的量为80重量份，聚乙烯的量为18份，阻燃剂的量为1重量份，色母的量为0.5重量份；
(3)设定挤出机系统各部分的工作温度：机筒温度分别为190℃，190℃，185℃，185℃，180℃，175℃，设定挤出机与热交换器连接段温度为160℃，设置热交换器温度为180℃；
(4)调节挤出机系统压力，然后开始注入发泡剂5重量份，通过调节挤出机转速维持机筒压力防止发泡剂倒流，发泡剂注入之后要对挤出机系统进行适当的温度调整，从而控制切粒机的模板压力，以防止模板压力太低导致切粒时存在有些阻力较大的喷嘴出现不出料的可能性；
(5)逐步调整水下切粒机系统的放空阀温度到160℃，模板温度到150℃，以适应在发泡剂加入后所引起的系统的变化。注入发泡剂之前保证水下切粒机系统循环水水压为10bar，水流量在30m3/h左右，切出来的粒子用振筛机进行筛分，对不同粒径的粒子分类进行临时存储，最后通过上料系统将不同规格的粒子输送到包装机进行包装入库。
具体的产品规格如下表2所示：
表2筛分规格表
| 序号 | 颜色 | 粒径(mm) | 可发倍率 |
| 1 | 粉红 | 2～3 | 20～30 |
| 2 | 粉红 | 3～4 | 15～20 |
| 3 | 粉红 | 4～7 | 10～15 |
实施例3
(1)备料：选取高熔体强度聚丙烯，色母为粉色母粒，阻燃剂为六溴十二烷，物理发泡剂采用二氧化碳与氮气的混合物；
(2)通过失重式多组分喂料系统，精确控制各组分的喂料量，按照预定的生产配方，设定好聚丙烯的量为60重量份，聚乙烯的量为30重量份，阻燃剂的量为5重量份；
(3)设定挤出机系统各部分的工作温度：机筒温度分别为190℃，190℃，185℃，185℃，180℃，175℃，设定挤出机与热交换器连接段温度为180℃，设置热交换器温度为160℃；
(4)调节挤出机系统压力，然后开始注入发泡剂1重量份，通过调节挤出机转速维持机筒压力防止发泡剂倒流，发泡剂注入之后要对挤出机系统进行适当的温度调整，从而控制切粒机的模板压力，以防止模板压力太低导致切粒时存在有些阻力较大的喷嘴出现不出料的可能性；
(5)逐步调整水下切粒机系统的放空阀温度到180℃，模板温度到170℃，以适应在发泡剂加入后所引起的系统的变化。注入发泡剂之前保证水下切粒机系统循环水水压为8bar，水流量在20m3/h左右，切出来的粒子用振筛机进行筛分，对不同粒径的粒子分类进行临时存储，最后通过上料系统将不同规格的粒子输送到包装机进行包装入库。
具体的产品规格如下表3所示：
表3筛分规格表
| 序号 | 颜色 | 粒径(mm) | 可发倍率 |
| 1 | 粉红 | 2～4 | 20～30 |
| 2 | 粉红 | 4～7 | 10～20 |
性能测试结果
对实施例1-3中的聚丙烯颗粒进行性能检测，结果如表4所示：
表4性能测试结果
| 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | |
| 氧指数(％) | 28.6 | 29.4 | 29.1 |
由表4可知，实施例1-3中的聚丙烯颗粒的氧指数达到29％左右，具有优异的阻燃性能。
对本领域的技术人员来说，可根据以上描述的技术方案以及构思，做出其它各种相应的改变以及形变，而所有的这些改变以及形变都应该属于本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种发泡型阻燃聚丙烯颗粒，其包括以下重量份的组分：聚丙烯60-80份、聚乙烯18-30份、发泡剂1-5份、阻燃剂1-5份、色母0-0.5份，所述聚丙烯为高熔体强度聚丙烯，所述聚乙烯为高熔体强度聚乙烯，所述色母为以PE和/或PP作为载体含粉红或者黑色颜料的母粒；
所述发泡型阻燃聚丙烯颗粒的制备方法为：
（1）将配方量的聚丙烯、聚乙烯、阻燃剂、色母在喂料系统中混合；
（2）通过双螺杆挤出机的剪切作用，使各组分物料充分熔融混合；
（3）注入配方量的发泡剂；
（4）熔体在水下切粒机模板处被切粒，使用熔体泵能给予水下切粒机系统模板稳定的熔体压力；
（5）切出的聚丙烯颗粒经振筛机筛分，并将筛分的颗粒分类，将不同粒径的产品称重包装。
2.根据权利要求1所述的发泡型阻燃聚丙烯颗粒，其包括以下重量份的组分：聚丙烯73份、聚乙烯20份、发泡剂2份、阻燃剂2份、色母0.1份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的发泡型阻燃聚丙烯颗粒，其特征在于：所述发泡剂选自氮气、二氧化碳、C1-6烷烃、氢氟烃、甲烷卤化物或C1-5脂肪醇中的一种或它们任意比例的混合物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的发泡型阻燃聚丙烯颗粒，其特征在于：所述发泡剂为戊烷和丁烷中的一种或二者任意比例的混合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的发泡型阻燃聚丙烯颗粒，其特征在于：所述阻燃剂为六溴十二烷或其同系物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的发泡型阻燃聚丙烯颗粒，其特征在于：步骤（2）中挤出机系统挤出温度从机尾到机头逐步降低，聚丙烯熔体流经热交换器，通过改变热交换器的温度设定从而起到对聚丙烯熔体温度的控制；设定挤出机系统各部分的工作温度，机筒温度分别为190℃、190℃、185℃、185℃、180℃、175℃，挤出机与热交换器连接段温度为160-180℃，热交换器温度为160-180℃。
7.根据权利要求6所述的发泡型阻燃聚丙烯颗粒，其特征在于：步骤（4）中水下切粒机放空阀温度为160-180℃，模板温度150-170℃，循环水水温为75-85℃，循环水工作时的水压为0-10bar。
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