CN105688002A - 一种用于治疗老年功能性便秘的中药冲剂及制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于治疗老年功能性便秘的中药冲剂及制备方法,属中药领域。本发明药物有效成分的原料组成为:莱菔子、山药、牛奶浆根、白术、黄毛榕、厚朴、鸡屎藤、甘草、黄脚鸡、锁阳、桑椹子、桃仁、海松子、延胡索、肉苁蓉、知母、棒棒草、天门冬、隔山消、杏仁、羊角参、柏子仁、香橼皮、砂仁。本发明选用药材符合君臣左使之理,针对病因对症下药,有补肾健脾、益气养血、活血祛瘀、滋阴润燥、消食导滞、行气消积、润肠通便之功效,吸收效果好,疗效显著,无毒副作用及临床不良反应,经临床验证对老年功能性便秘治愈率较高。
Description
所属技术领域
本发明涉及中药领域,尤其涉及一种用于治疗老年功能性便秘的中药冲剂及制备方法。
背景技术
便秘是指由于大肠传导失常,导致排便秘结,排便周期延长;或周期不长,但粪质干结,排除艰难;或粪质不硬,虽有便意,但便而不畅的病症。随着我国社会经济的发展、饮食结构的改变、精神心理和社会因素的影响,便秘的发病呈上升趋势,老年人尤为明显。老年功能性便秘多因老年人肠功能减退等因素,造成排便动力不足,致使肠内食物残渣运行滞缓,水分吸收过多而引起功能性便秘。
老年功能性便秘是临床常见病多发病之一,既影响老年人生活质量,且易导致结肠癌、老年性痴呆、心脑血管事件等的发生。治疗方面,西医对于老年功能性便秘的治疗一般通过服用泻剂、促动力剂来缓解便秘的症状,这种治疗方式作用局限,不良反应多,虽对于偶发性的便秘和青少年人群的便秘治疗效果较好,然而老年人体质较差,常有多种基础疾病,因此对于老年功能性便秘患者治疗效果不佳,且易复发。
中医认为老年功能性便秘多由年老体弱,脏腑机能减退,气血阴阳亏虚,大肠传导无力所致,本发明经长期临床实践总结,根据病因,对症施治,具有补肾健脾、益气养血、活血祛瘀、滋阴润燥、消食导滞、行气消积、润肠通便之功效,吸收效果好,疗效显著,无毒副作用及临床不良反应,经临床验证对老年功能性便秘治愈率较高。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种用于治疗老年功能性便秘的中药冲剂及制备方法,具有补肾健脾、益气养血、活血祛瘀、滋阴润燥、消食导滞、行气消积、润肠通便之功效,治病求源标本兼治,对各种原因引起的老年功能性便秘均具有很好的疗效。
为实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案实施如下:
一种用于治疗老年功能性便秘的中药冲剂,制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为:
莱菔子68~80份、山药65~77份、牛奶浆根62~74份、白术59~71份、
黄毛榕56~68份、厚朴53~65份、鸡屎藤50~62份、甘草47~58份、
黄脚鸡43~55份、锁阳40~52份、桑椹子37~48份、桃仁35~45份、
海松子32~42份、延胡索29~39份、肉苁蓉26~36份、知母23~33份、
棒棒草20~30份、天门冬17~27份、隔山消14~24份、杏仁10~21份、
羊角参8~18份、柏子仁5~15份、香橼皮3~12份、砂仁1~10份。
制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为:
莱菔子71~77份、山药68~74份、牛奶浆根65~71份、白术62~68份、
黄毛榕59~65份、厚朴56~62份、鸡屎藤53~59份、甘草50~55份、
黄脚鸡46~52份、锁阳43~49份、桑椹子40~45份、桃仁38~42份、
海松子35~40份、延胡索32~36份、肉苁蓉29~33份、知母25~30份、
棒棒草22~27份、天门冬20~25份、隔山消16~21份、杏仁13~18份、
羊角参10~15份、柏子仁7~12份、香橼皮5~10份、砂仁3~7份。
制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为:
莱菔子74份、山药71份、牛奶浆根68份、白术65份、
黄毛榕62份、厚朴59份、鸡屎藤56份、甘草53份、
黄脚鸡49份、锁阳46份、桑椹子43份、桃仁40份、
海松子37份、延胡索34份、肉苁蓉31份、知母28份、
棒棒草25份、天门冬22份、隔山消18份、杏仁15份、
羊角参12份、柏子仁9份、香橼皮7份、砂仁5份。
一种用于治疗老年功能性便秘的中药冲剂的制备方法,包括以下工艺步骤:
(1)将牛奶浆根、山药、白术、黄毛榕、厚朴、锁阳、桃仁、海松子、知母、棒棒草、天门冬、隔山消、柏子仁、香橼皮洗净、晾干后混合均匀,放入容器中,在容器中加入6~8倍量的水,加热煮沸2~3小时,冷却后取浸液;在剩余的药渣中再加入4~6倍量的水,加热煮沸1~2小时,冷却后取浸液;合并两次所得浸液,加热,蒸发浓缩为相对密度1.15~1.25的稠膏,备用;
(2)将鸡屎藤、黄脚鸡、桑椹子、肉苁蓉、羊角参放入容器中,加入3~5倍量的绍兴黄酒,煮沸后放凉,继续浸泡3~5小时,取浸液;在剩余的药渣中再加入2~4倍量的绍兴黄酒,煮沸后放晾,继续浸泡2~4小时,取浸液;合并两次所得浸液,加蒸蒸发浓缩为相对密度1.10~1.20的稠膏,备用;
(3)取净莱菔子,置锅内用文火炒至微鼓起,并有香气为度,取出,放凉,粉碎研末,过100目细筛,得细粉,备用;
(4)取净甘草片,加入炼熟的蜂蜜与少许开水,拌匀后稍闷,置炒制容器内,文火炒至深黄色,不粘手时取出,放凉,粉碎研末,过100目细筛,得细粉,备用;
(5)取净延胡索片或碎块,加黄酒拌匀,闷透,置锅内用文火加热,炒干,取出放凉,粉碎研末,过100目细筛,得细粉,备用;
(6)取净杏仁置锅内用文火炒至微黄色,取出放凉,粉碎研末,过100目细筛,得细粉,备用;
(7)取净砂仁,用盐水浸泡拌匀,文火炒至微干,取出放凉,粉碎研末,过100目细筛,得细粉,备用;
(8)将步骤(1)、步骤(2)所得的稠膏,与步骤(3)、步骤(4)、步骤(5)、步骤(6)、步骤(7)中所得的细粉混合,加辅料蔗糖和糊精混合均匀制成颗粒,干燥、整粒后,封装成每袋10g的中药冲剂。
本发明所用中药的药性如下:
莱菔子:味辛;甘;性平。入脾;胃;肺;大肠经。消食导滞;降气化痰。主治食积气滞;脘腹胀满;腹泻;下痢后重;咳嗽多痰;气逆喘满。《医学衷中参西录》:莱菔子,无论或生或炒,皆能顺气开郁,消胀除满,此乃化气之品,非破气之品。盖凡理气之药,单服久服,未有不伤气者,而莱菔子炒熟为末,每饭后移时服钱许,借以消食顺气,转不伤气,因其能多进饮食,气分自得其养也。若用以除满开郁,而以参、芪、术诸药佐之,虽多服久服,亦何至伤气分乎。现代医学研究表明,莱菔子对葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌具有显著的抑制作用,对同心性毛癣菌等真菌有不同程度的抑制作用,并能降压、增强回肠节律性收缩,抑制胃排空,缓解胃底部纵行肌紧张性,降低血清胆固醇,防止冠状动脉粥状硬化。
山药:味甘;性平。入肺;脾;肾经。补脾;养肺;固肾;益精。主治脾虚泄泻;食少浮肿;肺虚咳喘;消渴;遗精;带下;肾虚尿频;外用治痈肿;瘰疬。《本草正》载:“山药,能健脾补虚,滋精固肾,治诸虚百损,疗五劳七伤。”现代医学研究证实,山药能降低血糖,调节机体对非特异刺激反应性,有效对抗环磷酰胺的抑制免疫作用,刺激小肠运动,促进肠道内容物排空,此外还能助消化、止泻、祛痰。
牛奶浆根:味甘;辛;性温。归肺;脾;肾经。益气健脾;活血通络;祛风除湿。主治劳倦乏力;食少;乳汁不下;脾虚白带;脱肛;月经不调;头风疼痛;跌打损伤;风湿性关节痛。《闽东本草》:补中益气,健脾化湿,强筋壮骨,消肿,活血解毒。治中气虚弱,气血衰微,四肢酸软,筋骨不利,经闭,乳汁不通。
白术:味苦;甘;性温。归脾;胃经。健脾益气;燥湿利水;止汗;安胎。主治脾气虚弱;神疲乏力;食少腹胀;大便溏薄;水饮内停;小便不利;水肿;痰饮眩晕;湿痹酸痛;气虚自汗;胎动不安。《本经逢原》载:“术,生用有除湿益燥,消痰利水,治风寒湿痹,死肌痉疸,散腰脐间血,及冲脉为病,逆气里急之功;制熟则有和中补气,止渴生津,止汗除热,进饮食,安胎之效。”现代医学研究证实,白术具有利尿、降血糖、强壮、抗凝血、抗肿瘤、抗菌、促进造血和蛋白质合成的作用。
黄毛榕:味甘;性平。益气健脾;祛风除湿。主治气虚;阴挺;脱肛;便溏;水肿;风湿痹痛。《新华本草纲要》:根皮:味甘、性平。有健脾益气,活血祛风的功效。用于气血虚弱、子宫下垂、脱肛、风湿痹痛、泄泻等症。
厚朴:味苦;辛;性温。入脾;胃;大肠经。行气消积;燥湿除满;降逆平喘。主治食积气滞;腹胀便秘;湿阻中焦;脘痞吐泻;痰壅气逆;胸满咳喘。《别录》载:“温中益气,消痰下气。疗霍乱及腹痛胀满,胃中冷逆及胸中呕不止,泄痢淋露,除惊,去留热心烦满,厚肠胃。”现代医学研究证实,厚朴具有影响胃肠活动,抗菌,抗病毒,抗变态反应,松驰肌肉,抑制中枢神经,抗过敏和维持调节口腔细菌的作用。
鸡屎藤:味甘酸;性平。归心;肝;脾;肾经。祛风除湿,消食导滞,解毒消肿,活血止痛。治风湿痹痛;食积腹胀;小儿疳积;腹泻;痢疾;中暑;黄疸;肝炎;肝脾肿大;咳嗽;瘰疬;肠痈;无名肿毒;脚湿肿烂;烫火伤;湿疹;皮炎;跌打损伤;蛇蛟蝎螫。重庆草药:健脾除湿,益气补虚。常用于小儿瘦弱,脾弱气虚,食积疳积,及成人气虚浮肿,臌胀,耳鸣,腹泻,遗尿,妇女虚弱白带,干病。并虚弱劳伤,虚痢,痒子瘰疬之由于气虚不愈者。
甘草:味甘;性平。归心;肺;脾;胃经。补脾益气;清热解毒;祛痰止咳;缓急止痛;调和诸药。主治脾胃虚弱;倦怠乏力;心悸气短;咳嗽痰多;脘腹四脚挛急疼痛;痈肿疮毒;缓解药物毒性。《本草纲目》载:“诸药中甘草为君。治七十二种乳石毒,解一千二百般草本毒,调和从药有功。”现代医学研究证实,甘草有较强的解毒作用,还有抗溃疡、抗炎症、镇痉镇咳、降血压、降血脂、抗癌作用,广泛用于治疗咽喉炎、喉炎、气管炎、支气管炎、哮喘、咳嗽、咳血等疾病,此外还具有抗胃溃疡、抗胃炎作用。
黄脚鸡:味甘;性平。益气健脾;养阴润肺;活血舒筋。主治产后虚弱;小儿疳积;阴虚咳嗽;多汗;口干;跌打肿痛;风湿疼痛;腰痛。《贵州草药》:养阴润肺,生津止渴。
锁阳:味甘;性温。归肾;肝;大肠经。补肾壮阳;益肠通便。主治肾虚阳痿;遗精早泄;下脚痿软;便秘。《本草求真》载:“凡阴气虚损,精血衰败,大便燥结可用,补阴气,治虚。”现代医学研究表明,锁阳对于机体非特异性免疫功能及细胞免疫功能均有调节作用,对体液免疫功能有增强作用,兴奋肠管,增加肠蠕动,缩短排便时间,可提高皮质醇水平,对抗激素对肾上腺皮质的外源性抑制,此外还有抗癌的功效。
桑椹子:味甘;酸;性寒。归肝;肾经。滋阴养血;生津;润肠。主治肝肾不足和血虚精亏的头晕目眩;腰酸耳鸣;须发早白;失眠多梦;津伤口渴;消渴;肠燥便秘。
桃仁:味苦;甘;性平。归心;肝;大肠经。活血祛瘀;润肠通便;止咳平喘。主治经闭;痛经;癓瘕痞块;跌扑损伤;肠燥便秘。《本经逢原》载:“桃仁,为血瘀血闭之专药。苦以泄滞血,甘以生新血,治热入血室,瘀积症瘕,经闭,疟母,心腹痛,亦散肝经之血结。”现代医学研究证实,桃仁醇提液可增加静脉血管流量,舒张血管,能增加股动脉血流量,降低血管阻力,对血管壁有直接扩张作用,维持体温和保护内脏,此外还有抑制血液凝固和溶血作用。
海松子:味甘;性微温。归肝;肺;大肠经。润燥,养血,祛风。主治肺燥干咳,大便虚秘,诸风头眩,骨节风,风痹。并有润泽皮肤,敷荣毛发的功能。《日华子本草》:逐风痹寒气,虚羸少气,补不足,润皮肤,肥五脏。
延胡索:味辛;苦;性温;无毒。归肝;胃;心;肺;脾经。活血;散瘀;理气;止痛。主治心腹腰膝诸痛;月经不调;症瘕;崩中;产后血晕;恶露不尽;跌打损伤。《纲目》载:“能行血中气滞,气中血滞,故专治一身上下诸痛,用之中的,妙不可言。活血,利气,止痛,通小便。”现代医学研究表明,延胡索有显著的镇痛、镇静、催眠、安定作用,兴奋胃肠平滑肌,显著扩张冠状血管,能引起垂体促肾上腺皮质激素的分泌,对肌肉有松驰作用。
肉苁蓉:味甘;咸;性温。归肾;大肠经。补肾阳;益精血;润肠道。主治肾阳虚衰;腰痛脚弱。《本经》载:“主五劳七伤,补中,除茎中寒热痛,养五脏,强阴,益精气。”《本草汇言》载:“温而不热,补而不峻,暖而不燥,滑而不泄,故有从容之名。”现代医学研究证实,肉苁蓉能提高机体细胞免疫功能,能增强肠蠕动,有改善肠肌运动功能的作用,对大肠的水分吸收作用也有抑制作用。
知母:味苦;性寒。入肺;胃;肾经。清热泻火;滋阴润燥;止渴除烦。主治温热病;高热烦渴;咳嗽气喘;燥咳;便秘;骨蒸潮热;虚烦不眠;消渴淋浊。《药性论》载:“主治心烦躁闷,骨热劳损,产后蓐劳,肾气劳,憎寒虚损,患人虚而口干,加而用之。”现代医学研究证实,知母能抑制肝脏对皮质醇的分解代谢,对多种病原微生物有抑制作用,此外还有降低血糖、抑制肿瘤生长和血小板聚集的作用。
棒棒草:味甘;苦;性微温。补肺;健脾;养阴生津。主治肺虚咳嗽;脾虚食少;心悸自汗;疲惫乏力;口干。
天门冬:味甘;苦;性寒。入肺;肾经。滋阴润燥;清肺降火。主治燥热咳嗽;阴虚劳嗽;热病伤阴;内热消渴;肠燥便秘;咽喉肿痛。《日华子本草》:镇心,润五脏,益皮肤,悦颜色,补五劳七伤,治肺气并嗽,消痰、风痹热毒、游风、烦闷吐血。现代医学研究证实,天门冬对炭疽杆菌、甲型及乙型溶血性链球菌、白喉杆菌、类白喉杆菌、肺炎双球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、柠檬色葡萄球菌、白色葡萄球菌及枯草杆菌均有不同程度的抑菌作用,对急性淋巴细胞型白血病、慢性粒细胞型白血病及急性单核细胞型白血病患者白细胞的脱氢酶有一定的抑制作用,并能抑制急性淋巴细胞型白血病患者白细胞的呼吸。
隔山消:味甘;微苦;性微温;归脾;胃;肾经。补肝肾;强筋骨;健脾胃;解毒。主肝肾两虚;头昏眼花;失眠健忘;须发早白;阳痿;遗精;腰膝酸软;脾虚不运;脘腹胀满;性欲不振;泄泻;产后乳少;鱼口疮毒。《陕西中草药》:滋阴养血,健脾顺气,镇静止痛,催乳。治胃痛腹胀,虚劳,肾虚,腰痛,阳萎,小儿痞块,白带,乳汁不足。
杏仁:味苦;性温;有毒。入肺;脾;大肠经。祛痰止咳;平喘;润肠;下气开痹。主治外感咳嗽;喘满;伤燥咳嗽;寒气奔豚;惊痫;胸痹;食滞脘痛;血崩;耳聋;疳肿胀;湿热淋症;疥疮;喉痹;肠燥便秘。《药性论》载:“治腹痹不通,发汗,主温病。治心下急满痛,除心腹烦闷,疗肺气咳嗽,上气喘促,润心肺,可和酪作汤,益润声气。”现代医学研究证实,杏仁可以有效控制人体内胆固醇的含量,显著降低心脏病和多种慢性病的发病危险,具有润肺、止咳、滑肠等功效,对干咳无痰、肺虚久咳等症有一定的缓解作用。
羊角参:味甘;微苦;性凉。滋补肝肾,养阴生津。用于神经衰弱,高血压病,头痛,咽喉痛,消渴,口干舌燥。《陕甘宁青中草药选》:"补脾润肺,生津。治肺结核,病后虚弱,口渴,神经衰弱,肝阳头痛,食欲不振,腰腿酸软。"
柏子仁:味甘;性平。归心;肾;大肠经。养心安神;敛汗;润肠通便。主治惊悸怔忡;失眠健忘;盗汗;肠燥便秘。《药品化义》载:“香气透心,体润滋血,主治心神虚怯,惊悸怔忡,颜色憔悴,肌肤燥痒,皆养心血之功也。”现代医学研究证实,柏子仁含有大量不饱和脂肪酸、少量挥发油和多种维生素、皂苷、植物甾醇和蛋白质,提高机体免疫力,多用于治疗变异性心绞痛和风湿性冠心病。
香橼皮:味辛;苦;酸;性温。入肝;肺;脾经。理气降逆;宽胸化痰。主治胸腹满闷;胁肋胀痛;咳嗽痰多。《本草再新》载:“平肝舒郁,理肺气,通经利水,治腰脚气。”现代医学研究证实,香橼皮所含挥发油对胃肠道有温和刺激作用,能促进肠胃里蠕动和消化液成分,排除肠内积气,并有祛痰、抗炎、抗病毒,以及预防冻伤和抑制醛还原酶的作用。
砂仁:味辛;性温。入脾;胃;肾经。化湿开胃;行气宽中;温脾;止泻;安胎。主治湿阻气滞;脘腹胀痛;不思饮食;恶心呕吐;腹痛泄泻;妊娠恶阻;胎动不安。《纲目》载:“补肺醒脾,养胃益肾,理元气,通滞气,散寒饮胀痞,噎膈呕吐,止女子崩中,除咽喉口齿浮热,化铜铁骨哽。”现代医学研究证实,砂仁能加强肠管收缩,大剂量时对肠管有抑制作用,表现张力降低,部分或完全拮抗乙酰胆碱,能增进肠道运动,明显抑制血小板聚集,明显对抗胶原和肾上腺素的诱发作用。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下有益效果:
本发明选用药材君、臣、左、使诸理皆备,药性相适相辅,针对病因对症下药,有补肾健脾、益气养血、活血祛瘀、滋阴润燥、消食导滞、行气消积、润肠通便之功效,吸收效果好,疗效显著,无毒副作用及临床不良反应,经临床验证对老年功能性便秘治愈率较高。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步阐述。
实施例1
本发明药物有效成分的原料组成及重量为:
莱菔子68~80g、山药65~77g、牛奶浆根62~74g、白术59~71g、
黄毛榕56~68g、厚朴53~65g、鸡屎藤50~62g、甘草47~58g、
黄脚鸡43~55g、锁阳40~52g、桑椹子37~48g、桃仁35~45g、
海松子32~42g、延胡索29~39g、肉苁蓉26~36g、知母23~33g、
棒棒草20~30g、天门冬17~27g、隔山消14~24g、杏仁10~21g、
羊角参8~18g、柏子仁5~15g、香橼皮3~12g、砂仁1~10g。
本发明药物制备方法的工艺步骤为:
(1)将牛奶浆根、山药、白术、黄毛榕、厚朴、锁阳、桃仁、海松子、知母、棒棒草、天门冬、隔山消、柏子仁、香橼皮洗净、晾干后混合均匀,放入容器中,在容器中加入6~8倍量的水,加热煮沸2~3小时,冷却后取浸液;在剩余的药渣中再加入4~6倍量的水,加热煮沸1~2小时,冷却后取浸液;合并两次所得浸液,加热,蒸发浓缩为相对密度1.15~1.25的稠膏,备用;
(2)将鸡屎藤、黄脚鸡、桑椹子、肉苁蓉、羊角参放入容器中,加入3~5倍量的绍兴黄酒,煮沸后放凉,继续浸泡3~5小时,取浸液;在剩余的药渣中再加入2~4倍量的绍兴黄酒,煮沸后放晾,继续浸泡2~4小时,取浸液;合并两次所得浸液,加蒸蒸发浓缩为相对密度1.10~1.20的稠膏,备用;
(3)取净莱菔子,置锅内用文火炒至微鼓起,并有香气为度,取出,放凉,粉碎研末,过100目细筛,得细粉,备用;
(4)取净甘草片,加入炼熟的蜂蜜与少许开水,拌匀后稍闷,置炒制容器内,文火炒至深黄色,不粘手时取出,放凉,粉碎研末,过100目细筛,得细粉,备用;
(5)取净延胡索片或碎块,加黄酒拌匀,闷透,置锅内用文火加热,炒干,取出放凉,粉碎研末,过100目细筛,得细粉,备用;
(6)取净杏仁置锅内用文火炒至微黄色,取出放凉,粉碎研末,过100目细筛,得细粉,备用;
(7)取净砂仁,用盐水浸泡拌匀,文火炒至微干,取出放凉,粉碎研末,过100目细筛,得细粉,备用;
(8)将步骤(1)、步骤(2)所得的稠膏,与步骤(3)、步骤(4)、步骤(5)、步骤(6)、步骤(7)中所得的细粉混合,加辅料蔗糖和糊精混合均匀制成颗粒,干燥、整粒后,封装成每袋10g的中药冲剂。
用法用量:每日3次每次1袋,饭前半小时以开水冲服,10天为1个疗程。
实施例2
本发明药物有效成分的原料组成及重量为:
莱菔子71~77g、山药68~74g、牛奶浆根65~71g、白术62~68g、
黄毛榕59~65g、厚朴56~62g、鸡屎藤53~59g、甘草50~55g、
黄脚鸡46~52g、锁阳43~49g、桑椹子40~45g、桃仁38~42g、
海松子35~40g、延胡索32~36g、肉苁蓉29~33g、知母25~30g、
棒棒草22~27g、天门冬20~25g、隔山消16~21g、杏仁13~18g、
羊角参10~15g、柏子仁7~12g、香橼皮5~10g、砂仁3~7g。
本实施例的药物制备方法工艺步骤及用法用量与实施例1相同。
实施例3
本发明药物有效成分的原料组成及重量为:
莱菔子74g、山药71g、牛奶浆根68g、白术65g、
黄毛榕62g、厚朴59g、鸡屎藤56g、甘草53g、
黄脚鸡49g、锁阳46g、桑椹子43g、桃仁40g、
海松子37g、延胡索34g、肉苁蓉31g、知母28g、
棒棒草25g、天门冬22g、隔山消18g、杏仁15g、
羊角参12g、柏子仁9g、香橼皮7g、砂仁5g。
本实施例的药物制备方法工艺步骤及用法用量与实施例1相同。
临床资料:
1、病例选择
选择我院确诊的老年功能性便秘患者80例临床观察,病人随机分成两组。治疗组40例,其中男性24例,女性16例,年龄59~82岁,平均年龄69.8岁,病程最短者1个月,最长者1.7年,平均0.6年。对照组40例,其中男性25例,女性15例,年龄60~81岁,平均年龄70.4岁,病程最短者1个月,最长者1.6年,平均0.6年。两组资历基本一致,无显著差异,具有可比性。
2、治疗组患者服用本发明药物,每日3次每次1袋,饭前半小时以开水冲服,10天为1个疗程,服用3个疗程。对照组根据诊断出的老年功能性便秘的症状,予以泻药果导片及胃肠动力药西沙必利等药物来进行对症治疗。
3、疗效判定:
(1)治愈:2天以内排便1次,便质转润,解时通畅,短期内无复发。
(2)好转:3天以内排便,便质转润,排便欠畅。
(3)无效:症状同施治前无明显差异。
4、结果
治疗组治愈率62.5%、总有效率95%,对照组治愈率47.5%、总有效率85%,两组疗效比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),故治疗组对于本病的疗效明显优于对照组。
表1两组患者临床疗效比较
典型病例举例:
1、孙××,女,65岁。该患者近两个月来,无明显原因出现便秘,表现为大便干如栗,排便困难,4~5日排便一次,并见患者面色萎黄,神疲气短,舌质淡,苔淡白,脉弱。诊断为老年功能性便秘,经服用本发明中药2个疗程后,便质转润,解时通畅,间歇时间也恢复正常,后1个月未复发,已痊愈。
2、李××,男,78岁。患者便秘1年多,常4~5日排便一次,便干而坚硬,排出困难,并见患者面色苍白,精神疲惫,畏寒肢冷,周身乏力,食少,腹部胀,舌淡苔白,脉沉迟。诊断为老年功能性便秘,经服用本发明中药2个疗程后,大便逐渐恢复至正常,遵医嘱继续服用本发明1个疗程后,便质转润,解时通畅,间歇时间也恢复正常,后1个月未复发,已痊愈。
老年功能性便秘为大肠传导功能失常所致,而大肠传导功能又与脾、胃、肝、肺、肾等脏腑关系密切,大肠的正常传导功能有赖于气、血、津液及脏腑功能的相互协调才能完成。老年人年老体弱,脏腑功能渐亏,或素体阴虚,或脾胃气虚,气血生化乏源,致营血不足,中气虚弱。气虚则大肠传送无力,血虚则津枯不能润养大肠;脾虚水津运化失调。津亏大肠失于濡润,致糟粕停滞肠中,如“无水行舟”,传导困难,终致便秘发生。本发明根据病因对症下药,方中肉苁蓉、锁阳可温阳暖肾、益肠通便;方中白术、牛奶浆根、黄脚鸡、黄毛榕可益气健脾,促进大肠传导;方中山药可补脾养肺、滋精固肾;方中桑椹子、隔山消、海松子可滋阴养血、生津润燥;方中延胡索、桃仁可活血祛瘀;方中莱菔子、鸡屎藤、砂仁、厚朴、香橼皮可消食导滞、行气通腑、调畅气机;方中天门冬、知母可滋阴润燥;方中棒棒草、羊角参可养阴生津;方中柏子仁、杏仁可润肠通便;方中甘草可调和诸药;方中诸药合用可共奏补肾健脾、益气养血、活血祛瘀、滋阴润燥、消食导滞、行气消积、润肠通便之功效,吸收效果好,疗效显著。另现代医学研究证明,方中肉苁蓉能增强肠蠕动,有改善肠肌运动功能的作用,对大肠的水分吸收作用也有抑制作用,从而起到促进粪便的湿润和排出的作用,且其暖而不燥,滑而不泄,作用和缓,不会导致泻下太过;方中锁阳可兴奋肠管,增加肠蠕动,缩短排便时间;方中山药可刺激小肠运动,促进肠道内容物排空;方中香橼皮可能促进肠胃里蠕动和消化液成分,排除肠内积气;方中莱菔子含有丰富油脂,有养阴益气,润肠通便之功,可行气理气,使气机畅达;故本发明全方通便作用缓和,并有较好的调整胃肠功能作用,可改善大便性质,缩短排便时间,见效快,无毒副作用及临床不良反应,经临床验证对老年功能性便秘治愈率较高。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于治疗老年功能性便秘的中药冲剂,其特征在于,制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为:
莱菔子68~80份、山药65~77份、牛奶浆根62~74份、白术59~71份、
黄毛榕56~68份、厚朴53~65份、鸡屎藤50~62份、甘草47~58份、
黄脚鸡43~55份、锁阳40~52份、桑椹子37~48份、桃仁35~45份、
海松子32~42份、延胡索29~39份、肉苁蓉26~36份、知母23~33份、
棒棒草20~30份、天门冬17~27份、隔山消14~24份、杏仁10~21份、
羊角参8~18份、柏子仁5~15份、香橼皮3~12份、砂仁1~10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于治疗老年功能性便秘的中药冲剂,其特征在于,制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为:
莱菔子71~77份、山药68~74份、牛奶浆根65~71份、白术62~68份、
黄毛榕59~65份、厚朴56~62份、鸡屎藤53~59份、甘草50~55份、
黄脚鸡46~52份、锁阳43~49份、桑椹子40~45份、桃仁38~42份、
海松子35~40份、延胡索32~36份、肉苁蓉29~33份、知母25~30份、
棒棒草22~27份、天门冬20~25份、隔山消16~21份、杏仁13~18份、
羊角参10~15份、柏子仁7~12份、香橼皮5~10份、砂仁3~7份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于治疗老年功能性便秘的中药冲剂,其特征在于,制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为:
莱菔子74份、山药71份、牛奶浆根68份、白术65份、
黄毛榕62份、厚朴59份、鸡屎藤56份、甘草53份、
黄脚鸡49份、锁阳46份、桑椹子43份、桃仁40份、
海松子37份、延胡索34份、肉苁蓉31份、知母28份、
棒棒草25份、天门冬22份、隔山消18份、杏仁15份、
羊角参12份、柏子仁9份、香橼皮7份、砂仁5份。
4.根据权利要求1、3、3所述的一种用于治疗老年功能性便秘的中药冲剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下工艺步骤:
(1)将牛奶浆根、山药、白术、黄毛榕、厚朴、锁阳、桃仁、海松子、知母、棒棒草、天门冬、隔山消、柏子仁、香橼皮洗净、晾干后混合均匀,放入容器中,在容器中加入6~8倍量的水,加热煮沸2~3小时,冷却后取浸液;在剩余的药渣中再加入4~6倍量的水,加热煮沸1~2小时,冷却后取浸液;合并两次所得浸液,加热,蒸发浓缩为相对密度1.15~1.25的稠膏,备用;
(2)将鸡屎藤、黄脚鸡、桑椹子、肉苁蓉、羊角参放入容器中,加入3~5倍量的绍兴黄酒,煮沸后放凉,继续浸泡3~5小时,取浸液;在剩余的药渣中再加入2~4倍量的绍兴黄酒,煮沸后放晾,继续浸泡2~4小时,取浸液;合并两次所得浸液,加蒸蒸发浓缩为相对密度1.10~1.20的稠膏,备用;
(3)取净莱菔子,置锅内用文火炒至微鼓起,并有香气为度,取出,放凉,粉碎研末,过100目细筛,得细粉,备用;
(4)取净甘草片,加入炼熟的蜂蜜与少许开水,拌匀后稍闷,置炒制容器内,文火炒至深黄色,不粘手时取出,放凉,粉碎研末,过100目细筛,得细粉,备用;
(5)取净延胡索片或碎块,加黄酒拌匀,闷透,置锅内用文火加热,炒干,取出放凉,粉碎研末,过100目细筛,得细粉,备用;
(6)取净杏仁置锅内用文火炒至微黄色,取出放凉,粉碎研末,过100目细筛,得细粉,备用;
(7)取净砂仁,用盐水浸泡拌匀,文火炒至微干,取出放凉,粉碎研末,过100目细筛,得细粉,备用;
(8)将步骤(1)、步骤(2)所得的稠膏,与步骤(3)、步骤(4)、步骤(5)、步骤(6)、步骤(7)中所得的细粉混合,加辅料蔗糖和糊精混合均匀制成颗粒,干燥、整粒后,封装成每袋10g的中药冲剂。
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