CN105684888A

CN105684888A - Hybridization breeding method for fructus jujubae trees

Info

Publication number: CN105684888A
Application number: CN201610088633.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王继贵; 米淑玲
Original assignee: Cangzhou Academy Of Agriculture And Forestry Sciences
Current assignee: Cangzhou Academy Of Agriculture And Forestry Sciences
Priority date: 2016-02-17
Filing date: 2016-02-17
Publication date: 2016-06-22

Abstract

The invention discloses a hybridization method for fructus jujubae trees.The hybridization method includes effectively isolating an integral plant or a branch group of each female parent tree; acquiring pollen from male parent trees in the optimal post-flowering periods and artificially pollinating the female parent trees; acquiring seed stone after fruits are ripe; storing the seed stone; sowing seeds in springs and cultivating offspring fructus jujubae seedlings; reserving the offspring fructus jujubae seedlings with cultivated characters; acquiring panicle seedlings from plants with the obvious outstanding excellent cultivated characters; analyzing scions in super-strain top-grafting evaluation nursery until fine varieties are obtained.The hybridization method has the advantages that shortcomings of difficulty in carrying out hybridization breeding on fructus jujubae trees, low operability and the like can be effectively overcome by the aid of the hybridization method, directional hybridization can be implemented, the hybridization method is favorable for accurate directivity of hybridization progenies, and the purposes of improving selective breeding progress and the breeding efficiency and shortening the breeding time can be achieved.

Description

A kind of jujube tree cross breeding method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of jujube tree cross breeding method。

Background technology

Carrying out existing more than 50 year so far of fruit breeding work, achieves no small achievement。Wherein cross-breeding be by the different type of genotype between gamete combine and obtain cenospecies, cultivated selection and createed a kind of technical method of new varieties。When adopting in this way, specify breeding objective and selecting properly, apolegamy parent are the keys of success or failure。

Jujube tree is that the many fruit-setting rates of Hua Duolei are extremely low and plant in core the seeds seldom forming again kernel。Generally, jujube tree nature fruit-setting rate, less than 1%, is planted kernel-containing rate in core and is not reached 5%, and aberration rate is also high after kernel Germination And Seedling, often appear as seeds atavism, it is cross-breeding with conventional breeding method, make a futile effort often, lack operability。

Summary of the invention

The present invention establishes a kind of method suitable in jujube tree cross-breeding, by using insect-proof cover to be effectively isolated by stock tree, the whole strain of stock tree or single group entirety pollination and cultivated character qualification etc. and reach to prevent external interference, judicious mating, concentrate and obtain kind of a core, improve selection-breeding progress, shorten breeding time and improve the purpose of breeding efficiency。

The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: first, and according to breeding objective, that shoots the arrow at the target makes an accurate selection of stock tree and male parent tree。Then, before stock tree enters the florescence, by whole for elite stand plant (or a branch group) with fly net shade a reserved door facilitating operator to operate, and on fly net, spray insect sticker, it is therefore an objective to create a good isolation environment to breeding tree。When elite stand enters the florescence, observing elite stand and belong to the kind opening or opening night any type of blooming daytime, and in the best period of Post flowering, gather pollen from male parent tree, point is awarded or is sprayed and awards on stock tree, allows it naturally bear fruit。After fruit maturation, gather all Fructus Jujubae fruits through hybridization gained, take out kind of a core, dry in the shade, it is thus achieved that filial generation material。In winter then, filial generation seed material carrying out sand Tibetan or shell-cracking kernel-taking, spring in next year, sowing obtains filial generation Fructus Jujubae Seedling material。Filial generation Fructus Jujubae Seedling material then enters cultivation and the cultivated character validation phase of filial generation after obtaining。It is cultivated and qualification process, including: eliminate the plant substantially lacking cultivated character and manifest atavism, retain the plant with obvious cultivated character, strengthen tending management and make it grow as early as possible and result。Meanwhile, on the plant with substantially prominent excellent cultivated character, collection scion entrance major clique height connects qualification garden and is measured, until obtaining improved seeds。

The invention have the benefit that

1) the technology, proposes the breeding technique route of " whole strain (or single group) insect-proof cover is protected, and sexual hybridization grows directly from seeds selection-breeding " first。Using whole strain or single group as breeding receptor, relatively single flower receptor, there is operability more, for this natural fruit-setting rate of jujube tree less than 1%, plant kernel-containing rate in core and do not reach the special seeds of 5%, there is huge realistic meaning。

2) " insect-proof cover is protected; sexual hybridization grows directly from seeds selection-breeding " is conducive to the selection of parent and effective restriction of the interference factor; fly net sprays insect sticker; can avoid because entomophila, anemophily interference make other plant have influence on the judicious mating effect of elite stand plant; thus realizing good control effect, being conducive to the fixing of parent and shooting the arrow at the target straight to breeding objective。

3) when elite stand enters the florescence, when observing elite stand daytime, nightflower type, in the best period of Post flowering, gathering pollen from male parent tree, point is awarded or is sprayed and awards on stock tree, allows it naturally bear fruit, the directivity being conducive to filial generation material is accurate, and facilitates centralized collection to obtain kind of a core。

4) when obtaining filial generation Fructus Jujubae Seedling material, when entering filial generation cultivation and cultivated character validation phase, from the plant with substantially prominent excellent cultivated character, collection scion carries out major clique height and connects mensuration and identify, not only improve the survival of the fittest and obtain fine germplasm resources, selection-breeding progress can be increased substantially again, shorten breeding time, improve breeding efficiency。

Detailed description of the invention

By describing the technology contents of the present invention in detail, being realized purpose and effect, it is explained in detail below in conjunction with embodiment。

1, a kind of jujube tree cross breeding method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:

1) stock tree and male parent tree are chosen according to breeding objective；

2) before stock tree enters the florescence, by the part insect-proof cover shade that will carry out hybridizing of stock tree, described insect-proof cover sprays insect sticker, the door of operation after a reserved convenience on insect-proof cover；

3) when stock tree enters the florescence, observe type of blooming belonging to stock tree, in the best period of Post flowering, from male parent tree, gather pollen, pollinate to stock tree；

4), after fruit maturation, gather Fructus Jujubae fruit, take out kind of a core, dry in the shade；

5) kind of core is stored by winter then, and Second Year sowing in spring obtains filial generation Fructus Jujubae Seedling；

6) eliminate the filial generation Fructus Jujubae Seedling substantially lacking cultivated character and manifest atavism, retain the filial generation Fructus Jujubae Seedling with obvious cultivated character；

7) on the plant with substantially prominent excellent cultivated character, collection scion entrance major clique height connects qualification garden and is measured, until obtaining improved seeds。

The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every equivalent transformation utilizing description of the present invention to make, or directly or indirectly it is used in other relevant technical fields, all in like manner include in the scope of patent protection of the present invention。

Claims

1. a jujube tree cross breeding method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:

Stock tree and male parent tree is chosen according to breeding objective；

Before stock tree enters the florescence, the part isolation cover that will carry out hybridizing of stock tree is effectively isolated, and the door operated after a reserved convenience on isolation cover；

When stock tree enters the florescence, observe type of blooming belonging to stock tree, in the best period of Post flowering, from male parent tree, gather pollen, pollinate to stock tree；

After fruit maturation, gather Fructus Jujubae fruit, take out kind of a core, dry in the shade；

Being stored by kind of core winter then, Second Year sowing in spring obtains filial generation Fructus Jujubae Seedling；

Eliminate the filial generation Fructus Jujubae Seedling substantially lacking cultivated character and manifest atavism, retain the filial generation Fructus Jujubae Seedling with obvious cultivated character；

On the plant with substantially prominent excellent cultivated character, collection scion entrance major clique height connects qualification garden and is measured, until obtaining improved seeds。

2. jujube tree cross breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the part that will carry out hybridizing of described stock tree is the whole plant of stock tree。

3. jujube tree cross breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the part that will carry out hybridizing of described stock tree is a branch group of stock tree。

4. jujube tree cross breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described isolation cover is insect-proof cover, and on insect-proof cover, spray insect sticker。

5. jujube tree cross breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described pollinating method is that point is awarded。

6. jujube tree cross breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described pollinating method is that spray is awarded。

7. jujube tree cross breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described kind core storage method is that sand is hidden。