CN105683432B - 耐热外层织物 - Google Patents

耐热外层织物 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105683432B
CN105683432B CN201480060362.8A CN201480060362A CN105683432B CN 105683432 B CN105683432 B CN 105683432B CN 201480060362 A CN201480060362 A CN 201480060362A CN 105683432 B CN105683432 B CN 105683432B
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yarn
layer
multilayer fabric
fabric piece
weight
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CN105683432A (zh
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F.发维尔
E.穆诺兹
Y.巴德
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DuPont Safety and Construction Inc
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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    • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
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    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/08—Heat resistant; Fire retardant
    • A41D31/085—Heat resistant; Fire retardant using layered materials
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    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
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Abstract

本发明涉及用作防护服的单层或外层的耐热织造物和/或多层织物片，该类型包括通过连接线阵列连接在一起的内织物层和外织物层。所述织造物和/或多层织物片包括纱，其中所述纱包含·i)间位芳族聚酰胺·ii)约5至10重量％的聚酰胺，以及·iii)至少2重量％的抗静电纤维，所述重量％是基于纱的总重量计的。

Description

耐热外层织物
技术领域
本发明涉及用作防护服的单层或外层的耐热织造物和/或多层织物片，该类型包括通过排列的连接线阵列连接在一起的内织物层和外织物层，使得在通过外部施加的强热使外层引起收缩时内层形成气泡状凹坑。
背景技术
耐热织物片用作防护服的单层或外层在本领域中是已知的。
WO 00/66823公开了由通过对位芳族聚酰胺纤维或聚对亚苯基对苯二甲酰的交织网状物强化的织造间位芳族聚酰胺和聚酰胺酰亚胺纤维制成的阻燃材料，以及由该材料制成的防火服。
WO 02/079555公开了特别用于热防护服的强化织物，所述织物通过高强度材料的交织经纱编织物和纬纱编织物来强化。
WO 02/20887公开了阻燃材料，其包括由间位芳族聚酰胺纤维、聚酰胺酰亚胺纤维、以及它们的混合物构成的有织造面的织物，以及选自对位芳族聚酰胺、聚对亚苯基对苯二甲酰胺共聚物以及它们的混合物的低收缩纤维的衬里织造物。两层可在形成一种网格的点交织在一起。
WO 03/039280描述了尤其旨在用于消防员防护服的热阻隔层的复合或多层结构的片，其中材料的层是交织的以形成凹坑。外层在热的作用下收缩以在其下方形成凹坑，凹坑沿着内表面形成管。该现有技术文献的图5和7分别示出凹坑和交织图案。WO 03/039281描述了用于消防员防护服的热阻隔层的复合或多层结构的片，其中材料层是交织的以使得当外层在热的作用下收缩时连接纤维会伸直来增大层之间的空间。
WO 2004/023909(对应于EP 1 542 558)公开了用于防护服的耐热、耐火和防电弧的织物，其内容以引用全文方式并入本申请。用作防护服的单层或外层的织物包括至少两个各自具有经纬线系统的独立单层，所述至少两个独立单层在预定位置组装在一起以便构建凹坑，至少两个独立单层的经纬线系统基于独立选自由以下项组成的组的材料：芳族聚酰胺纤维和长丝、聚苯并咪唑纤维和长丝、聚酰胺酰亚胺纤维和长丝、聚(对亚苯基苯并双唑)纤维和长丝、苯酚-甲醛纤维和长丝、密胺纤维和长丝、天然纤维和长丝、合成纤维和长丝、人造纤维和长丝、玻璃纤维和长丝、碳纤维和长丝、金属纤维和长丝、以及它们的复合物。
由于其独特的结构，该织物可具有大大低于具有能与之相比的机械和热特性的已知织物的比重。
WO 2004/023909的另一个方面为防护热、火焰、电弧的服装，其包括以上织物来作为单层或外层。
根据WO 2004/023909的服装大大改善正常和紧急情况下穿着者的舒适度。与具有类似机械和热特性的常规服装相比，其更轻且更薄，并且其使得更高的热量和蒸汽能够从穿着者的表面耗散到环境中。
WO 2006/026538(对应于EP 1 796 492)公开了耐热复合织物片，其中连接线的阵列由多根独立的单连接线和/或由多个连接线的独立的组构成，其内容以引用全文方式并入本申请。连接线被以不同的角度排列并且彼此间隔开，以在独立的单连接线之间和/或在连接线的独立的组之间留出其中两个层彼此不连接的间隙。这些间隙联合连续展开的两个未连接的层，所述间隙围绕各根独立的连接线和/或各个连接线的独立的组。该连续展开的未连接的织物层具有由不同角度的连接线界定的迷宫状结构，使得当给定区域的外层经受强热而导致热收缩性时，内层在给定区域的下面形成一系列自闭合的气泡状凹坑，所述凹坑在连接线之间连续展开的离散区域中独立形成并且通过迷宫状结构来防止沿着或绕着所述给定区域外侧的片蔓延。
连接线或连接线的组像岛状物一样隔离和围绕于展开的未连接的织物层中，并且连接线的角度为形成一种防止气泡形成管的迷宫。连接线方便地排列为连续展开的几何学上重复的图案，形成围绕线形图案弯曲的波形路径。连接线可例如排列成多个组，所述组各自由排列成例如大体为Y、V、L、T、H、X或Z构型的多根连接线构成，且线从至少一个会聚点延伸出，所述线在它们的一个或多个会聚点处连接到一起或与它们的一个或多个会聚点隔开。
相对于现有技术结构，根据WO 2006/026538的耐热复合织物片的特殊结构提供改善的性能组合，特别是在织物暴露于热之后高温性能与改善的物理特征的组合，其导致穿着者的舒适度加强，这归因于用较低重量的织物可实现这些性能。因此，热性能相同的服装可由更轻的织物制得，这使得服装穿着起来更舒适。
当根据本发明的织物外表面例如暴露于火焰或另外的强热源时，外织物层会引起收缩。内层免受热源并且不会收缩或收缩更少。外织物层的收缩受到连接线限制，所述连接线在图案中被隔离，被未连接的层围绕。所形成的气泡状凹坑定位在受热区域的下方；有限蔓延的这些自闭合凹坑意味着由此形成的绝缘空间能够有效地保护下面的区域。因此，不希望通过形成管将热传递至相邻区域。这种在暴露于强热的区域下方形成的气泡状空气空间提供织物的高热性能。
在暴露于强热之后，织物也具有改善的物理特性，即良好的抗撕裂性和拉伸强度。当受热的外层收缩时，其起到热吸收器的作用，损失了其某些物理强度，而内层保持完整。此外，联合两个织物层的连接线也损失了某些物理强度，这导致沿着其中织物可撕裂的此类线的织物脆弱。然而，由于连接线中的特定间断和所得根据本发明的织物的未连接的延伸面，此类撕裂不能蔓延至未暴露于热并因此其未被损坏的其它区。因此，织物片的外层在暴露于强热后示出良好的抗撕裂性和拉伸强度，内层仍受保护并且内层的完整的未连接延伸面保持其强度。这对于消防员的防护服是极度重要的，其中例如燃烧建筑物中的消防员必须借助其衣服被拉动以使其离开紧急情况。
尽管有这些这些提议，但是仍然需要结合穿着舒适性、高热性能、高耐磨性、高耐久性、具有改善的机械性能和电弧保护的耐热织物。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出改善的材料和可用作例如消防员的防护服以及其中穿着者可暴露于强热中的其它应用的复合织物片。
根据本发明的织造物和/或多层织物片提供高热性能、改善的物理特性和优异的电弧保护，同时有助于实现穿着舒适性。用根据本发明的织造物和/或多层织物片制得的服装更轻、更具柔性并因此穿起来更加舒适。
除了良好的物理特性如拉伸强度和抗撕强度之外，根据本发明的织造物和/或多层织物片显示出被认为特别适用于外层织物的优异的耐磨性。
附图说明
图1为根据本发明的多层织物片的外织物层的图片，其具有Y形连接线的阵列。
图2为根据比较例1的多层织物片的外织物层的图片。
图3为根据比较例2的多层织物片的外织物层的图片。
图4为根据本发明的实施例1的多层织物片的编织构造。
具体实施方式
本文公开了用于耐热织物片的纱，其中所述纱包含：
i)间位芳族聚酰胺
ii)约5至10重量％的聚酰胺，以及
iii)至少2重量％的抗静电纤维，所述重量％是基于纱的总重量计的。
在一个优选的实施方案中，本发明的纱包含约
i)91重量％的间位芳族聚酰胺
ii)7重量％的聚酰胺
iii)2重量％的抗静电纤维，所述重量％是基于纱的总重量计的。
用于本发明的纱的聚酰胺选自脂族和半芳族聚酰胺，优选脂族聚酰胺。特别优选聚酰胺66。
抗静电纤维选自碳芯聚酰胺外皮或金属芯聚酰胺外皮。
在一个优选的实施方案中，本发明的纱的支数具有约40/2至约140/2，更优选约80/2的线密度Nm。
根据本发明的织造物可采用以上公开的纱制得。特别地，相同的纱可用于织物的经纱和纬纱两者。
在一个优选的实施方案中，所述织造物为平织的。
在另一个实施方案中，提供包括由上述织造物制成的至少一个层的多层织物片。
本发明的多层织物片可由两个层制得，其中一层由内织物层形成并且另一层由通过连接线(10)的阵列连接在一起的外织物层形成。优选地，通过已知技术使两层交织在一起，并且连接线(10)用内织物层和/或外织物层的纱制成。优选地，连接线(10)用内织物层的纱制成。
优选地，本发明的多层织物片为两层织物，其中一层即外织物层用本发明的织造物制成，并且另一层即内织物层由耐热并具有较低的热收缩的纱诸如聚对亚苯基对苯二甲酰胺(对位芳族聚酰胺)、聚酰胺酰亚胺、以及共聚酰亚胺制成。特别优选的是多层织物片，其中内织物层由纱即100％对位芳族聚酰胺纱制成。内织物层纱支数可相同或不同于外织物层的纱支数。特别优选的是两层织物，其中内织物层和外织物层具有平织构造，该构造在经纱和纬纱方向两者上具有相同的纱支数并且每厘米纱的数目相同。
当暴露于强热时，外织物层引起收缩并且内层由于连接线(10)被扣紧，这导致多层织物片的厚度增加，其中空气被容纳在层之间。
如图1所示，阵列由排列成独立的组(30)的多根连接线构成，各个组由三根排列成Y形的连接线(10)构成。
在一个优选的实施方案中，各个Y中三根连接线(10)中的两条长度基本相等并且从其中连接线(10)连接在一起的会聚点(40)以基本相等的角度(120°)进行延伸。
在图1的实施例中，各个Y的三根连接线(10)均平行于其它Y形组的对应的线(10)。此外，不同组的平行线(10)均精确或大致对齐和平行于其它组的线(10)。因此，Y的垂直线按竖直排对齐，并且Y的倾斜臂也沿着排对齐。Y形的每个交替竖直排的Y形在竖直和水平上均对准，如图1中左右竖直排所示。
连接线(10)的各个Y形组(30)与其它组隔离。连接线(10)以不同的角度排列并且彼此间隔开，以在连接线(10)的独立的Y形组之间留出其中外织物层和内织物层彼此不连接的间隙(50)。
其它形状的被分组的连接线可能为例如L形、T形、H形、X形、Z形等(在形状中具有或不具有间隙)，并且其也可能包括多根弯曲的连接线作为比如C形或S形的独立线，或者其中两条直线通过弯曲段连接以例如形成U形的被分组的线。各种形状和图案也可由单独分离的连接线的阵列构成。
两层织物为一个具体实施方案，但是也可设想具有比仅两层多的层的其它构形。
本发明的织造物和/或多层织物片也适于制造服装，特别是暴露于高温环境的服装。特别地，本发明的织造物和/或多层织物片可用作此类服装的外层。就多层织物片而言，织物片的外织物层设置在服装的外侧上。任选地，本发明的织造物和/或多层织物片可用于与可透气隔膜和/或内衬结合来制造服装。
根据本发明的服装可以以任何可能的方式制造。服装可由多层结构制成。此类多层结构优选地包括但不限于内层(内衬)、由透气防水材料制得的任选的中间层、以及由根据本发明的多层织物片制得的外层。最内层直接面向穿着者的皮肤或穿着者的内衣。
根据本发明的服装可为任何类型，其包括但不限于夹克、外套、裤子、手套、工作服和护套。
实施例
本发明的实施例1
两层织造物片(层A和层B)采用以下两种纱的组合制成。
纤维共混物由以下组成：
- 91重量％的间位芳族聚酰胺，其具有约100mm的切割长度；
- 7重量％的聚酰胺66，以及
- 2重量％的抗静电纤维，其由使用长纤维加工设备将碳芯聚酰胺外皮纺成一类单股长纤维纱Y-A1制得。
单股纱Y-A1在Z方向上具有Nm 80/1的线密度和850圈/米(TPM)的线匝。然后将两个单股Y-A1纱合股并加捻在一起。所得合股并加捻的纱(TY-A1)在S方向上具有Nm 80/2的线密度和760TPM的线匝。随后用蒸汽处理TY-A1以稳定其起皱的趋势。
TY-A1纱用作经纱和纬纱以用于形成第一层(层A)。
对于第二层，纬纱和经纱Y-B1如下制备：使用长纤维加工设备将100重量％的对位芳族聚酰胺拉断纤维环锭纺成单股短纤维纱Y-B1。
单股纱Y-B1在Z方向上具有Nm 80/1的线密度和700TPM的线匝。然后将两个单股Y-B1纱合股并加捻在一起。所得合股的纱(TY-B1)在S方向上具有Nm 80/2的线密度和700TPM的线匝。随后用蒸汽处理TY-B1以稳定其起皱的趋势，TY-B1纱用作第二层的经纱和纬纱。
制备如图1中具有Y形连接线的阵列的编织织物。该编织织物具有45纱/cm(经纱)(各个层22.5纱/cm)，45根/cm(纬纱)(各个层22.5根/cm)和240g/m2的比重。
下表1给出多层织物片的性能。
比较例1和2：
比较例1和2采用不同于实施例1的纱和编织构造进行。然而，实施例1、比较例1和比较例2的多层织物片的重量基本相同。
表1给出了比较例1和2的特定纱和构造。
实施例证实了根据本发明的多层织物片的优异性能。
如表1所示，实施例1的多层织物片示出较高的机械、热和电弧性能、极佳的耐磨性、极佳的耐久性(没有原纤化对位芳族聚酰胺，良好的颜色保持性)、柔软的手感，而比较例1和2的多层织物片示出较低的耐磨性和耐钩绊性。此外，当洗涤几次时，与本发明的实施例相比，比较例示出较差的耐久性。
根据标准(ISO、ASTM等)对性能进行测定并且在表1中给出。
ATPV代表电弧热性能值。
FFF代表织物失效因子。
表1

Claims (17)

1.用于耐热织物片的纱，其中所述纱由以下组成：
i) 间位芳族聚酰胺，
ii) 5至10重量%的聚酰胺，以及
iii) 至少2重量%的抗静电纤维，所述重量%是基于纱的总重量计的，
其中所述聚酰胺选自脂族聚酰胺和半芳族聚酰胺。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纱，其中所述纱包含约
i) 91重量%的间位芳族聚酰胺，
ii) 7重量%的聚酰胺，
iii) 2重量%的抗静电纤维，所述重量%是基于纱的总重量计的。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的纱，其中所述纱的线密度Nm为40/2至140/2。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的纱，其中所述纱的线密度Nm为约80/2。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的纱，其中所述聚酰胺为PA66。
6.一种织造物，其由根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的纱制成。
7.根据权利要求6所述的织造物，其中经纱和纬纱由相同的纱制成。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的织造物，其中所述织造物是平织的。
9.一种多层织物片，其包括由根据权利要求6至8中任一项所述的织造物制成的至少一个层。
10.根据权利要求9所述的多层织物片，其中所述多层织物片为两层织物片，并且其中另一层由100%对位芳族聚酰胺纱制成。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的多层织物片，其中所述多层织物片为两层织物片，并且其中两个层由通过连接线(10)的阵列连接在一起的内织物层和外织物层形成。
12.根据权利要求11所述的多层织物片，其中所述内织物层和外织物层都是织造物并且通过由构成所述织造物的交织线形成的织造连接线(10)的阵列连接在一起。
13.根据权利要求11所述的多层织物片，其中所述连接线(10)的阵列由多根连接线构成，所述多根连接线布置在大致Y状构型的独立组(30)中，所述Y状构型具有从会聚点(40)延伸的三根线，所述线在它们的会聚点处连接到一起并且其中各个独立组彼此间隔开。
14.根据权利要求12所述的多层织物片，其中所述连接线(10)的阵列由多根连接线构成，所述多根连接线布置在大致Y状构型的独立组(30)中，所述Y状构型具有从会聚点(40)延伸的三根线，所述线在它们的会聚点处连接到一起并且其中各个独立组彼此间隔开。
15.一种服装，其包括权利要求6至8中任一项保护的织造物或权利要求9至14中任一项保护的多层织物片。
16.根据权利要求15所述的服装，其中所述多层织物片的外织物层设置在所述服装的外侧上。
17.根据权利要求15所述的服装，其中所述服装是暴露于高温环境中的服装。
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EP3066242B1 (en) 2019-05-29
JP6530761B2 (ja) 2019-06-12
WO2015066688A2 (en) 2015-05-07
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WO2015066688A3 (en) 2015-08-20

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