CN105672555A - 一种复合保温砌块及其制作方法 - Google Patents
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
- E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
- E04C1/41—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts composed of insulating material and load-bearing concrete, stone or stone-like material
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- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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Abstract
本发明提供一种复合保温砌块,由蒸压加气混凝土砌块、粘接层、保温板、锚栓、粘接防护层组成,其中蒸压加气混凝土砌块、粘接层、保温板通过锚栓顺次连接,粘接防护层覆盖在外侧。工艺采用流水线作业,按工艺依次进行,一条线完成,成型速度快,等待时间短,制作速度快。复合保温砌块的设计结构合理,自重轻,导热性好,成本低,施工简单,制作工艺合理,产量大,能满足建筑节能的高要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种砌筑用墙体材料,具体为一种复合保温砌块及其制作方法。
背景技术
在建筑领域,传统的外墙外保温系统应用很广,但由于施工过程中的不按规程施工、施工出现明火,施工过程偷工减料,进货渠道控制不严,不能严格按照产品质量标准及施工规程控制工程质量等问题,常会出现现场有机保温板材(如聚苯板、挤塑板等)着火、脱落等情况,严重时造成重大安全事故。
外墙设计采用蒸压加气混凝土砌块做墙体,外施工薄抹灰外墙保温系统的工艺很普遍,主要采用水泥砂浆粘接板材,由于水泥砂浆水化工程中存在体积收缩,引起有机保温板材翘曲、开裂等情况,严重时造成安全事故。
发明内容
本发明提供一种复合保温砌块,采用工厂化预制生产,以蒸压加气混凝土砌块为基材制备,同时给出复合自保温砌块的制备工艺。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
一种复合保温砌块,由蒸压加气混凝土砌块(1)、粘接层(2)、保温板(3)、锚栓(4)、粘接防护层(5)组成,其中蒸压加气混凝土砌块、粘接层、保温板通过锚栓顺次连接,粘接防护层覆盖在外侧;其中粘接层和粘接防护层为石膏基无机保温砂浆。
进一步地,所述石膏基无机保温砂浆由建筑石膏、碱性激发剂、骨料、外加剂、玻化微珠等组分加水搅拌而成,各组分按照以下重量比配成:建筑石膏45~56%,碱性激发剂20~30%,减水剂0.02~0.6%,保水剂0.5~2%,憎水剂0.2~1.5%,玻化微珠5~15%,苯丙乳液0.2~2%,纤维0.1~2%,聚乙烯醇0.2~0.8%,沙子5%~35%,缓凝剂0.05~1%;水35~55%。
进一步地,所述石膏基无机保温砂浆组分中碱性激发剂为水泥、生石灰、粉煤灰、矿粉总一种或几种的组合。
进一步地,所述的保温板是无机材料板材和/或有机材料板材。
进一步地,所述的粘接防护层的厚度为20~60mm。
一种复合保温砌块的制作方法为:
(1)配料:按照上述无机保温砂浆各组分比例配置备用,同时按次序及同一方向放置蒸压加气混凝土砌块,各砌块依次前后无缝相接,砌块左右两侧无连接处设置挡板,以防无机保温砂浆浆料流出;
(2)粘接层浇筑:将配置好的无机保温砂浆浇筑到蒸压加气混凝土砌块表面,厚度为5~10mm,待浆料初凝时刮平;
(3)铺设保温板材:待砂浆终凝后,铺设保温板材;
(4)打孔、固定锚栓:在铺好的保温板材上,打孔,孔深到砌块内部50mm以上,将锚栓打压入孔,固定好;
(5)粘接防护层浇筑:浇筑粘接防护层浆料,浆料厚度为20~60mm,待浆料初凝时刮平表面;
(6)码垛、养护:待粘接防护层浆料终凝后,放置砌块于防晒、防雨室内自然条件下养护至龄期。
本发明的复合保温砌块的进步之处:
本发明提供的复合自保温砌块,制备的无机保温砂浆,比水泥基保温砂浆导热系数低,增大了砌块整体热阻,保温效果得到提升;无机保温砂浆以建筑石膏为主要原材料,利用石膏快速硬化的特点,加速浆体成型速度,提高了砌块成型速度,提升了产量;粘接层将保温板材全面粘接,粘接层与粘接防护层同材质,膨胀收缩性一致,外加石膏本身尺寸稳定性好,防止了保温板材的翘曲,开裂等现象;由于蒸压加气混凝土砌块重量轻,导热系数小,保温效果好,外复合保温板材,使砌块整体具有很好的保温效果,产品功能性及实用性高于蒸压加气混凝土砌块,能满足高节能率的要求;采用工厂化预制生产,保证了出厂合格率,砌块在施工的过程中采用普通砌块砌筑方式,砌筑工艺简单;本复合保温砌块兼具围护与保温的双重功效,避免了外墙外保温的施工工序,节约施工工期及施工成本;蒸压加气混凝土砌块由于采用工业固体废弃物粉煤灰为主要原材料制备而成,价格低,使得本复合保温砌块的成本低于同类保温砌块产品。
工艺采用平铺生产工艺,流水线作业,按工艺依次进行,一条线完成,成型速度快,等待时间短,制作速度快。
综上所述,本复合保温砌块的设计结构合理,自重轻,导热性好,成本低,施工简单,制作工艺合理,产量大,能满足建筑节能的高要求。
附图说明
图1为一种复合保温砌块的立体结构示意图。
具体实施方式
实施案例1
一种复合保温砌块,由蒸压加气混凝土砌块(1)、粘接层(2)、保温板(3)、锚栓(4)、粘接防护层(5)组成,其中蒸压加气混凝土砌块、粘接层、保温板通过锚栓顺次连接,粘接防护层覆盖在外侧;其中粘接层和粘接防护层为石膏基无机保温砂浆,保温板选用挤塑板。
所述石膏基无机保温砂浆由建筑石膏、碱性激发剂、骨料、外加剂、玻化微珠等组分加水搅拌而成,各组分按照以下重量比配成建筑石膏52%,碱性激发剂25%,减水剂0.1%,保水剂0.6%,憎水剂0.25%,玻化微珠10%,苯丙乳液0.35%,纤维0.23%,聚乙烯醇0.7%,沙子18%,缓凝剂0.08%;水50%。
其中,碱性激发剂为水泥、生石灰、粉煤灰、矿粉总一种或几种的组合,各组分比例为普通硅酸盐水泥10%,生石灰5%,粉煤灰6%,矿粉4%。建筑石膏选用脱硫石膏粉;减水剂为聚羧酸减水剂;保水剂选用HPMC纤维素;憎水剂选用硅氧烷内有机硅防水剂;玻化微珠容重选用180kg/m3;纤维为聚丙烯纤维,长度为6mm;沙子选用河沙,目数为70目~120目;缓凝剂选用SC石膏缓凝剂。
一种复合保温砌块的制作方法为:
(1)配料:按照上述无机保温砂浆各组分比例配置备用,同时按次序及同一方向放置蒸压加气混凝土砌块,各砌块依次前后无缝相接,砌块左右两侧无连接处设置挡板,以防无机保温砂浆浆料流出;
(2)粘接层浇筑:将配置好的无机保温砂浆浇筑到蒸压加气混凝土砌块表面,厚度为6mm,待浆料初凝时刮平;
(3)铺设保温板材:待砂浆终凝后,铺设保温板材;
(4)打孔、固定锚栓:在铺好的保温板材上,打孔,孔深到砌块内部50mm以上,将锚栓打压入孔,固定好;
(5)粘接防护层浇筑:浇筑粘接防护层浆料,浆料厚度为50mm,待浆料初凝时刮平表面;
(6)码垛、养护:待粘接防护层浆料终凝后,放置砌块于防晒、防雨室内自然条件下养护至28d。
制备的复合保温砌块,密度为625kg/m3,导热系数为0.135w/(m·k),其它指标满足相应国家标准。
实施案例2
一种复合保温砌块,由蒸压加气混凝土砌块(1)、粘接层(2)、保温板(3)、锚栓(4)、粘接防护层(5)组成,其中蒸压加气混凝土砌块、粘接层、保温板通过锚栓顺次连接,粘接防护层覆盖在外侧;其中粘接层和粘接防护层为石膏基无机保温砂浆,保温板选用聚氨酯板。
所述石膏基无机保温砂浆由建筑石膏、碱性激发剂、骨料、外加剂、玻化微珠等组分加水搅拌而成,各组分按照以下重量比配成:建筑石膏46%,碱性激发剂23%,减水剂0.05%,保水剂0.6%,憎水剂0.3%,玻化微珠7%,苯丙乳液0.8%,纤维0.2%,聚乙烯醇0.5%,沙子7%,缓凝剂0.07%;水52%。
其中,碱性激发剂为水泥、生石灰、粉煤灰、矿粉总一种或几种的组合,各组分比例为普通硅酸盐水泥7%,生石灰6%,粉煤灰5%,矿粉5%。建筑石膏选用磷石膏粉;减水剂为萘系减水剂;保水剂选用HPMC纤维素;憎水剂选用硬脂酸类防水剂;玻化微珠容重选用190kg/m3;纤维为聚丙烯纤维,长度为3mm;沙子选用石英砂,目数为70目~120目;缓凝剂选用SC石膏缓凝剂。
一种复合保温砌块的制作方法为:
(1)配料:按照上述无机保温砂浆各组分比例配置备用,同时按次序及同一方向放置蒸压加气混凝土砌块,各砌块依次前后无缝相接,砌块左右两侧无连接处设置挡板,以防无机保温砂浆浆料流出;
(2)粘接层浇筑:将配置好的无机保温砂浆浇筑到蒸压加气混凝土砌块表面,厚度为6mm,待浆料初凝时刮平;
(3)铺设保温板材:待砂浆终凝后,铺设保温板材;
(4)打孔、固定锚栓:在铺好的保温板材上,打孔,孔深到砌块内部50mm以上,将锚栓打压入孔,固定好;
(5)粘接防护层浇筑:浇筑粘接防护层浆料,浆料厚度为50mm,待浆料初凝时刮平表面;
(6)码垛、养护:待粘接防护层浆料终凝后,放置砌块于防晒、防雨室内自然条件下养护至龄期。
制备的复合保温砌块,密度为625kg/m3,导热系数为0.135w/(m·k),其它指标满足相应国家标准。
Claims (6)
1.一种复合保温砌块,其特征是由蒸压加气混凝土砌块(1)、粘接层(2)、保温板(3)、锚栓(4)、粘接防护层(5)组成,其中蒸压加气混凝土砌块、粘接层、保温板通过锚栓顺次连接,粘接防护层覆盖在外侧;其中粘接层和粘接防护层为石膏基无机保温砂浆。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种复合保温砌块,其特征是所述石膏基无机保温砂浆由建筑石膏、碱性激发剂、骨料、外加剂、玻化微珠等组分加水搅拌而成,各组分按照以下重量比配成:建筑石膏45~56%,碱性激发剂20~30%,减水剂0.02~0.6%,保水剂0.5~2%,憎水剂0.2~1.5%,玻化微珠5~15%,苯丙乳液0.2~2%,纤维0.1~2%,聚乙烯醇0.2~0.8%,沙子5%~35%,缓凝剂0.05~1%;水35~55%。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种复合保温砌块,其特征是所述石膏基无机保温砂浆组分中碱性激发剂为水泥、生石灰、粉煤灰、矿粉总一种或几种的组合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种复合保温砌块,其特征是所述的保温板是无机材料板材和/或有机材料板材。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种复合保温砌块,其特征是所述的粘接防护层的厚度为20~60mm。
6.一种复合保温砌块的制作方法,其特征在于:
(1)配料:按照上述无机保温砂浆各组分比例配置备用,同时按次序及同一方向放置蒸压加气混凝土砌块,各砌块依次前后无缝相接,砌块左右两侧无连接处设置挡板,以防无机保温砂浆浆料流出;
(2)粘接层浇筑:将配置好的无机保温砂浆浇筑到蒸压加气混凝土砌块表面,厚度为5~10mm,待浆料初凝时刮平;
(3)铺设保温板材:待砂浆终凝后,铺设保温板材;
(4)打孔、固定锚栓:在铺好的保温板材上,打孔,孔深到砌块内部50mm以上,将锚栓打压入孔,固定好;
(5)粘接防护层浇筑:浇筑粘接防护层浆料,浆料厚度为20~60mm,待浆料初凝时刮平表面;
(6)码垛、养护:待粘接防护层浆料终凝后,放置砌块于防晒、防雨室内自然条件下养护至龄期。
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| CN110954682A (zh) * | 2018-09-27 | 2020-04-03 | 江苏吉邦材料科技有限公司 | 一种检测石膏砂浆保水性的方法 |
| CN112551979A (zh) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-03-26 | 甘肃学信环保新材料有限公司 | 一种蒸压加气混凝土及其制备方法 |
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