CN105669527A - 一种小分子有机电致发光材料及其应用 - Google Patents

一种小分子有机电致发光材料及其应用 Download PDF

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CN105669527A
CN105669527A CN201610008358.8A CN201610008358A CN105669527A CN 105669527 A CN105669527 A CN 105669527A CN 201610008358 A CN201610008358 A CN 201610008358A CN 105669527 A CN105669527 A CN 105669527A
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organic electroluminescent
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张鑫鑫
盛磊
王正
付海超
张江峰
胡葆华
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Valiant Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种小分子有机电致发光材料及其应用,该类材料具有符合式(Ⅰ)所示的分子结构,该类材料具有良好的薄膜稳定性、合适的分子能级,可以作为有机电致发光器件的功能层,应用在有机电致发光领域中。

Description

一种小分子有机电致发光材料及其应用
技术领域
本发明属于有机电致发光领域,涉及一种小分子有机电致发光材料,并涉及该材料在有机电致器件中的应用。
背景技术
有机电致发光二级管(OLED)产生于上世纪80年代,经过二十余年的不断发展,该项技术已经逐步走向成熟,并有多种基于OLED显示技术的商品,已经实现产业化。与液晶类显示技术相比,OLED显示技术具有自发光、广视角、宽色域、响应速度快、可实现柔性显示等诸多优点,因此,OLED显示技术正在获得人们越来越多的关注和相应的技术投入。
OLED器件分为小分子器件和高分子器件两种,就目前而言,小分子器件在商品化的道路上,走的更远些。
小分子器件多具有三明治式的夹心结构,各种不同种类的功能层,按照一定的顺序,以固体无定型薄膜的形态,被制作在两个电极之间,这是小分子OLED器件的常见形态。不同种类的功能层,在小分子OLED器件中,分担不同种类的功能,如空穴传输层负责传导空穴,发光层负责发出不同颜色的可见光,电子传输层负责传导电子等,为了获得性能优良的小分子OLED器件,不仅需要各个功能层材料自身性能良好,而且要求不同功能层之间,也要能够进行良好的匹配。
萘(结构式如下式所示),具有稳定的闭环结构,且结构简单、价格适宜,是小分子有机电致发光材料中,较为常见的子结构单元,不过,由于萘分子的共轭长度偏短,因此,其发光光谱位于紫外光区,不适合直接作为有机电致发光材料的中心结构使用。联萘结构,如1,1'-联萘,虽然延长了分子的共轭长度,可是整个分子却缺乏刚性,因此,荧光波长、发光效率等光学数据欠佳。
尝试将1,1'-联萘结构单元,通过一定的化学手段,连接成具有刚性平面的母体结构,并在此基础上,进行适当的化学修饰,将有希望获得一类性能优良的有机电致发光材料。
苊(结构式如上式所示),具有与萘相似的共轭结构,且苊是一类天然产物,原料廉价易得,使用廉价的苊部分地或全部地代替萘,合成具有相似化学结构的母体结构,将有希望获得具有相似光电性能的新材料。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是,提供一种小分子有机电致发光材料及其应用,该类材料可以作为小分子有机电致发光器件的功能层,应用在有机电致发光领域中。
本发明解决上述技术问题的方案如下:一种小分子有机电致发光材料,该材料的分子结构包括由不含有取代基或含有取代基的1,1'-联萘结构单元与不含取代基或含有取代基的二苯甲酮连接而成的具有刚性平面的母体结构,该材料具有符合式(Ⅰ)所示的分子结构:
其中,R1和R2相同,为H原子、烷基取代基或芳香族取代基;R3、R4、R5、R6彼此独立,或R3、R4彼此独立,R5、R6之间通过化学键彼此相连,或R5、R6彼此独立,R3、R4之间通过化学键彼此相连,或R3与R4之间、R5与R6之间均通过化学键彼此相连。
在上述技术方案的基础上,本发明还可以做如下改进。
进一步,所述R1和R2相同,为H原子、甲基、异丙基、叔丁基、苯基、邻甲基苯基、对叔丁基苯基、吡啶基、二苯基氨基或咔唑基。
进一步,所述R1和R2为烷基取代基或芳香族取代基时,位于二苯甲酮的4,4'位。
进一步,所述R3、R4、R5、R6彼此独立,该材料具有符合式(Ⅱ)所示的分子结构;
或R3、R4彼此独立,R5、R6均为甲基且二者之间通过化学键彼此相连成环,形成一侧类似苊的结构,该材料具有符合式(Ⅲ)所示的分子结构;
或R5、R6彼此独立,R3、R4均为甲基且二者之间通过化学键彼此相连成环,形成一侧类似苊的结构,该材料具有符合式(Ⅳ)所示的分子结构;
或R3、R4、R5、R6均为甲基且R3与R4之间、R5与R6之间均通过化学键彼此相连成环,形成两侧均类似苊的结构,该材料具有符合式(Ⅴ)所示的分子结构。
进一步,所述式(Ⅱ)所示的分子结构中,R3为H原子、F原子、甲氧基、氰基、三氟甲基、三氟苯基或五氟苯基,R4为H原子、三氟苯基或五氟苯基,R5为H原子、三氟苯基或五氟苯基,R6为H原子。
进一步,所述式(Ⅲ)所示的分子结构中,R3为H原子、F原子或五氟苯基,R4为H原子或五氟苯基。
进一步,所述式(Ⅳ)所示的分子结构中,R5为H原子或五氟苯基,R6为H原子。
本发明还涉及一种小分子有机电致发光材料在制备有机电致发光器件中的应用,在所制备的有机电致发光器件中,至少有一个功能层含有所述的小分子有机电致发光材料,该类材料可以作为小分子OLED器件的功能层,应用于有机电致发光领域中。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明提供了一类新型小分子有机电致发光材料,并提供了该类材料的合成方法,以该材料作为有机电致发光器件的功能层,制作的OLED器件,展示了较好的效能,其特点在于:
1.通过一定的化学方法,制备了新型小分子有机电致发光材料。
2.该类材料具有适当的分子质量、良好的薄膜稳定性、适合的分子能级,可以作为小分子OLED器件的功能层,应用于有机电致发光领域中。
3.以该类材料作为发光层制作的OLED器件,可以发出明亮的深蓝色荧光,器件的最大亮度2800-5100cd/m2,最大电流效率1.5-1.9cd/A,器件效率优良,色纯度极佳。
本发明中所述有机电致发光材料的具体制备方法,将在后文实施例中详细描述,与之有关的合成路线和制备工艺,在有机合成领域中较为常见,为本领域公知的技术手段范畴,因此,对于本发明所述材料的具体合成路线与制备工艺,本发明不请求保护。
本发明旨在提供一类新型有机电致发光材料,因此,对于所述化合物的基本分子结构,以及该类分子结构,能够在有机电致发光领域中,作为功能层材料使用的事实,提出权利要求请求保护。
下式所列化合物C01~C42,是符合本发明精神和原则的代表结构,应当理解,列出以下化合物的具体结构,只是为了更好地解释本发明,并非是对本发明的限制。
本发明将在后文的实施例中,提供上式中所述及的,目标物C01-C42的具体合成方法,同时,本发明还将提供上述材料用于有机电致发光器件的功能层的应用实例,所述实施过程与结果,只是为了更好地解释本发明,并非是对本发明的限制。
所制备的有机电致发光器件一般包括依次叠加的ITO导电玻璃衬底(阳极)、空穴传输层(NPB)、发光层(本发明中的材料)、电子传输层(TPBI)、电子注入层(LiF)和阴极层(Al)。所有功能层均采用真空蒸镀工艺制成,该类器件中所用到的一些有机化合物的分子结构式如下式所示。
本发明中,器件的功能层并不限于使用上述材料,这些材料可以用其它材料代替,以期待进一步改善器件性能,如空穴传输层可以用TAPC等代替,电子传输层可以用TpPYPB等代替,这些材料的分子结构式如下:
附图说明
图1为本发明所制备的有机电致发光器件的结构示意图,由下层至上层,依次为ITO导电玻璃衬底(101)、空穴传输层(102)、发光层(103)、电子传输层(104)、电子注入层(105)和阴极层(106),其中发光层(103)、电子传输层(104)涉及到本发明所述的小分子有机电致发光材料。
图2为化合物C11的氢核磁谱图。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。
化合物制备实施例:
实施例1化合物1的制备
在2L三口瓶中,加入1,8-二溴萘(81.2g,0.28mol),1-萘硼酸(53.6g,0.31mol),碳酸钾(78.4g,0.57mol),甲苯(540g),去离子水(200g),无水乙醇(180g),氮气保护下,加入Pd(PPh3)4(1.1g),升温至回流,保温反应10h,降温至25℃,分液,200g去离子水洗有机相一次,100g无水硫酸钠干燥,抽滤,收集有机相,有机相快速通过35cm厚的硅胶柱,过柱液脱溶剂,所得粗产品使用无水乙醇为溶剂重结晶,得到化合物1,淡黄色固体65g,收率68.7%,MS(m/s):333.2。
实施例2化合物C01的制备
化合物2的制备:在100mL三口瓶中,加入化合物1(3.3g,0.01mol),干燥的四氢呋喃(35g),降温至-78℃,滴入正丁基锂的正己烷溶液(4.5mL,2.2mol/L,0.01mol),-78℃保温1h,将干燥的二(4-甲基苯)甲酮(2.1g,0.01mol)溶解在15mL干燥的四氢呋喃中,而后慢慢滴入反应瓶,-78℃保温2.5h,将反应瓶移入25℃的水浴中,反应液自然升温至10℃,加入15mL质量浓度为10%的盐酸水溶液,搅拌5min,分液,收集有机相,脱去溶剂,得到化合物2的粗产品4.5g,所得化合物2的粗产品,不再进行精制,直接用于下一步反应中。
化合物C01的制备:在100mL三口瓶中,加入上一步所得到的化合物2的粗产品(4.5g),加入冰乙酸32g,质量浓度为35.5%的浓盐酸0.2g,升温至回流,保温反应4h,降温至25℃,加入50g去离子水,搅拌15min,抽滤,60g去离子水淋洗滤饼,60g无水乙醇淋洗滤饼,收集滤饼,使用硅胶柱层析纯化,洗脱剂为石油醚:乙酸乙酯=5:1(V/V),得到白色固体3.7g,使用化学气相沉积系统进一步升华提纯,升华温度340℃,得到3.3g目标物C01,收率74%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C35H26,理论值446.2035,测试值446.2038。元素分析(C35H26),理论值C:94.13,H:5.87,实测值C:94.15,H:5.85。
实施例3化合物C05的制备
使用二(4-叔丁基苯)甲酮代替二(4-甲基苯)甲酮作为原料,按照实施例2所述方法,制备化合物C05,得到白色固体3.3g,收率62.7%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C41H38,理论值530.2974,测试值530.2979。元素分析(C41H38),理论值C:92.78,H:7.22,实测值C:92.79,H:7.21。
实施例4化合物5的制备
化合物4的制备:在500mL三口瓶中,加入化合物1(13.2g,0.04mol),干燥的四氢呋喃(160g),降温至-78℃,滴入正丁基锂的正己烷溶液(18mL,2.2mol/L,0.04mol),-78℃保温1h,将4,4'-二溴二苯甲酮(13.6g,0.04mol)溶解在100mL干燥的四氢呋喃中,而后慢慢滴入反应瓶,-78℃保温3h,将反应瓶移入25℃的水浴中,反应液自然升温至10℃,加入50mL质量浓度为10%的盐酸水溶液,搅拌10min,分液,收集有机相,脱去溶剂,得到化合物4的粗产品23g,所得化合物4的粗产品,不再进行精制,直接用于下一步反应中。
化合物5的制备:在500mL三口瓶中,加入上一步所得到的化合物4的粗产品(23g),加入冰乙酸280g,质量浓度为35.5%的浓盐酸0.5g,升温至回流,保温反应4h,降温至25℃,抽滤,180g去离子水淋洗滤饼,60g无水乙醇淋洗滤饼,收集滤饼,使用甲苯为溶剂重结晶,得到化合物5,类白色固体16.4g,收率69.7%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C33H20Br2,理论值575.9911,测试值575.9917。
实施例5化合物C06的制备
在100mL三口瓶中,加入化合物5(2.88g,5mmol),苯硼酸(1.46g,12mmol),碳酸钾(4.1g,30mmol),甲苯(40g),去离子水(15g),氮气保护下,加入Pd(PPh3)4(0.3g),升温至回流,保温反应18h,降温至30℃,抽滤,所得粗品使用硅胶柱层析纯化,洗脱剂为石油醚:二氯甲烷=2:1(V/V),得到类白色固体2.1g,使用化学气相沉积系统进一步升华提纯,升华温度350℃,得到1.8g目标物C06,收率63.1%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C45H30,理论值570.2348,测试值,570.2342。元素分析(C45H30),理论值C:94.70,H:5.30,实测值C:94.71,H:5.29。
实施例7化合物C08的制备
在100mL三口瓶中,加入化合物5(2.88g,5mmol),二苯胺(2.03g,12mmol),叔丁醇钠(1.92g,20mmol),醋酸钯(0.01g,0.044mmol),三叔丁基膦(0.0177,0.088mmol),二甲苯(35g),氮气保护下,升温至回流,保温反应8h,降温至30℃,加入20mL去离子水,搅拌5min,分液,有机相脱溶剂,所得粗品使用硅胶柱层析纯化,洗脱剂为石油醚:二氯甲烷=2:1(V/V),得到类白色固体2.8g,使用化学气相沉积系统进一步升华提纯,升华温度365℃,得到2.4g目标物C08,收率63.8%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C57H40N2,理论值752.3191,测试值752.3197。元素分析(C57H40N2),理论值C:90.92,H:5.35,N:3.72,实测值C:90.95,H:5.34,N:3.71。
实施例8化合物C09的制备
使用咔唑代替二苯胺作为原料,按照实施例7所述方法,制备化合物C09,收率61.9%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C57H36N2,理论值748.2878,测试值748.2873。元素分析(C57H36N2),理论值C:91.41,H:4.85,N:3.74,实测值C:91.42,H:4.86,N:3.72。
实施例9化合物C11的制备
使用吡啶-3-硼酸代替苯硼酸作为原料,按照实施例5所述方法,制备化合物C11,收率59.1%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C43H28N2,理论值572.2252,测试值572.2259。元素分析(C43H28N2),理论值C:90.18,H:4.93,N:4.89,实测值C:90.17,H:4.92,N:4.91。
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ8.807-8.812(2H,d),8.692-8.716(1H,m),8.545-8.561(2H,m),8.217-8.235(1H,m),7.163-7.880(22H,m)。
实施例10化合物C12的制备
使用吡啶-4-硼酸代替苯硼酸作为原料,按照实施例5所述方法,制备化合物C12,收率61.1%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C43H28N2,理论值572.2252,测试值572.2256。元素分析(C43H28N2),理论值C:90.18,H:4.93,N:4.89,实测值C:90.17,H:4.93,N:4.90。
实施例11化合物6的制备
在500mL三口瓶中,加入1,8-二溴萘(28.6g,0.1mol),4-甲氧基萘-1-硼酸(20.2g,0.1mol),碳酸钾(27.6g,0.2mol),甲苯(180g),去离子水(80g),无水乙醇(180g),氮气保护下,加入Pd(PPh3)4(1.1g),升温至回流,保温反应10h,降温至25℃,分液,200g去离子水洗有机相一次,100g无水硫酸钠干燥,抽滤,收集有机相,有机相快速通过35cm厚的硅胶柱,过柱液脱溶剂,所得粗产品使用无水乙醇为溶剂重结晶,得到化合物6,类白色固体28.6g,收率78.8%,MS(m/s):362.1。
实施例12化合物9的制备
使用化合物6代替化合物1作为原料,按照实施例4所述方法,制备化合物9,收率66.8%。高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C34H22NBr2O,理论值606.0017,测试值606.0019。
实施例13化合物C14的制备
使用化合物9代替化合物5作为原料,按照实施例5所述方法,制备化合物C14,收率62.9%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C46H32O,理论值600.2453,测试值600.2455。元素分析(C46H32O),理论值C:91.97,H:5.37,O:2.66,实测值C:91.96,H:5.39,O:2.65。
实施例14化合物C18的制备
使用化合物9代替化合物5作为原料,按照实施例5所述方法,制备化合物C15,收率59.3%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C44H30N2O,理论值602.2358,测试值602.2352。元素分析(C44H30N2O),理论值C:87.68,H:5.02,N:4.65,O:2.65,实测值C:87.66,H:5.03,N:4.64,O:2.67。
实施例15化合物12的制备
使用4-氟-1-硼酸萘作为原料,按照实施例1、实施例4所述方法,制备化合物12,得到目标物6.2g。高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C33H19Br2F,理论值593.9817,测试值593.9811。
实施例16化合物C16的制备
以化合物12和苯硼酸为原料,按照实施例5所述方法,合成化合物C16,收率63.9%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C45H29F,理论值588.2253,测试值588.2259。元素分析(C45H29F),理论值C:91.81,H:4.97,F:3.23,实测值C:91.83,H:4.96,F:3.21。
实施例17化合物C18的制备
以化合物12和吡啶-4-硼酸为原料,按照实施例5所述方法,合成化合物C18,收率59.3%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C43H27FN2,理论值590.2158,测试值590.2156。元素分析(C43H27FN2),理论值C:87.43,H:4.61,F:3.22,N:4.74,实测值C:87.44,H:4.62,F:3.21,N:4.73。
实施例18化合物15的制备
使用4-氰基萘-1-硼酸作为原料,按照实施例1、实施例4所述方法,制备化合物16,得到目标物6.9g。高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C34H19Br2N,理论值600.9864,测试值600.9868。
实施例19化合物C19的制备
以化合物15和苯硼酸为原料,按照实施例5所述方法,合成化合物C19,收率66.6%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C46H29N,理论值595.2300,测试值595.2305。元素分析(C46H29N),理论值C:92.74,H:4.91,N:2.35,实测值C:92.73,H:4.93,N:2.34。
实施例20化合物C21的制备
以化合物15和4-吡啶硼酸为原料,按照实施例5所述方法,合成化合物C21,收率64.1%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C44H27N3,理论值597.2205,测试值597.2208。元素分析(C44H27N3),理论值C:88.42,H:4.55,N:7.03,实测值C:88.43,H:4.54,N:7.03。
实施例21化合物16的制备
以5,6-二溴苊和1-萘硼酸为原料,按照实施例1所述方法,合成化合物16,收率71.9%。高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C22H15Br,理论值358.0357,测试值358.0359。
实施例22化合物18的制备
以化合物16代替化合物1为原料,按照实施例4所述方法,合成化合物18,收率66.2%。高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C35H22Br2,理论值602.0068,测试值602.0064。
实施例23化合物C22的制备
以化合物18和苯硼酸为原料,按照实施例5所述方法,合成化合物C22,收率49.2%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源正离子模式,分子式C47H32,理论值596.2504,测试值,596.2508。元素分析(C47H32),理论值C:94.60,H:5.40,实测值C:94.62,H:5.38。
实施例24化合物C24的制备
以化合物18和对甲基苯硼酸为原料,按照实施例5所述方法,合成化合物C24,收率56.9%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C49H36,理论值624.2817,测试值624.2816。元素分析(C49H36),理论值C:94.19,H:5.81,实测值C:94.17,H:5.83。
实施例25化合物C26的制备
以化合物18和3-吡啶硼酸为原料,按照实施例5所述方法,合成化合物C26,收率43.9%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C45H30N2,理论值598.2409,测试值598.2411。元素分析(C45H30N2),理论值C:90.27,H:5.05,N:4.68,实测值C:90.26,H:5.06,N:4.68。
实施例26化合物C27的制备
以化合物18和3-吡啶硼酸为原料,按照实施例5所述方法,合成化合物C27,收率48.9%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C45H30N2,理论值598.2409,测试值598.2412。元素分析(C45H30N2),理论值C:90.27,H:5.05,N:4.68,实测值C:90.26,H:5.06,N:4.68。
实施例27化合物19的制备
以5,6-二溴苊和4-氟-1-萘硼酸为原料,按照实施例1所述方法,合成化合物19,收率77.2%。高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C22H14BrF,理论值376.0263,测试值376.0266。
实施例28化合物21的制备
以化合物19代替化合物1为原料,按照实施例4所述方法,合成化合物21,收率69.2%。高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C35H21Br2F,理论值619.9974,测试值619.9971。
实施例29化合物C28的制备
以化合物21和苯硼酸为原料,按照实施例5所述方法,合成化合物C28,收率54.9%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C47H31F,理论值614.2410,测试值614.2417。元素分析(C47H31F),理论值C:91.83,H:5.08,F:3.09,实测值C:91.82,H:5.06,F:3.12。
实施例30化合物C29的制备
以化合物21和吡啶-3-硼酸为原料,按照实施例5所述方法,合成化合物C29,收率59.3%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C45H29FN2,理论值616.2315,测试值616.2317。元素分析(C45H29FN2),理论值C:87.64,H:4.74,F:3.08,N:4.54,实测值C:87.66,H:4.73,F:3.10,N:4.51。
实施例31化合物22的制备
以5,6-二溴苊和5-苊硼酸为原料,按照实施例1所述方法,合成化合物22,收率73.9%。高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C24H17Br,理论值384.0514,测试值384.0518。
实施例32化合物24的制备
以化合物22代替化合物1为原料,按照实施例4所述方法,合成化合物24,收率61.2%。高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C37H24Br2,理论值628.0224,测试值628.0227。
实施例33化合物C31的制备
以化合物24和苯硼酸为原料,按照实施例5所述方法,合成化合物C31,收率54.9%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C49H34,理论值622.2661,测试值622.2664。元素分析(C49H34),理论值C:94.50,H:5.50,实测值C:94.52,H:5.48。
实施例34化合物C33的制备
以化合物24和吡啶-3-硼酸为原料,按照实施例5所述方法,合成化合物C33,收率61.8%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C47H32N2,理论值624.2565,测试值624.2568。元素分析(C47H32N2),理论值C:90.35,H:5.16,N:4.48,实测值C:90.33,H:5.17,N:4.50。
实施例35化合物25的制备
以1,8-二溴萘和5-苊硼酸为原料,按照实施例1所述方法,合成化合物25,收率68.9%。高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C22H15Br,理论值358.0357,测试值358.0359。
实施例36化合物C34的制备
以化合物25代替化合物1为原料,按照实施例4所述方法,合成化合物C34,收率68.2%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C35H24,理论值444.1878,测试值444.1872。元素分析(C35H24),理论值C:94.56,H:5.44,实测值C:94.59,H:5.41。
实施例37化合物C38的制备
化合物27的制备:在500mL三口瓶中,加入1,8-二溴萘(14.3g,0.05mol),4-(五氟苯基)-1-萘硼酸(16.9g,0.05mol),碳酸钾(11.0g,0.08mol),甲苯(150g),去离子水(60g),无水乙醇(20g),氮气保护下,加入Pd(PPh3)4(0.8g),升温至回流,保温反应16h,降温至25℃,分液,200g去离子水洗有机相一次,100g无水硫酸钠干燥,抽滤,收集有机相,有机相快速通过35cm厚的硅胶柱,过柱液脱溶剂,所得粗产品使用异丙醇为溶剂重结晶,得到化合物27,类白色固体18.7g,收率74.8%,MS(m/s):498.1。
化合物28的制备:在500mL三口瓶中,加入化合物27(17.5g,0.035mol),干燥的四氢呋喃(160g),降温至-78℃,滴入正丁基锂的正己烷溶液(16mL,2.2mol/L,0.035mol),-78℃保温1h,将二苯甲酮(6.37g,0.035mol)溶解在70mL干燥的四氢呋喃中,而后慢慢滴入反应瓶,-78℃保温3h,将反应瓶移入25℃的水浴中,反应液自然升温至10℃,加入40mL质量浓度为10%的盐酸水溶液,搅拌10min,分液,收集有机相,脱去溶剂,得到化合物28的粗产品22g,所得化合物28的粗产品,不再进行精制,直接用于下一步反应中。
化合物C38的制备:在500mL三口瓶中,加入上一步所得到的化合物28的粗产品(22g),加入冰乙酸180g,质量浓度为35.5%的浓盐酸0.5g,升温至回流,保温反应4h,降温至25℃,抽滤,180g去离子水淋洗滤饼,60g无水乙醇淋洗滤饼,收集滤饼,使用甲苯为溶剂重结晶,得到化合物C38,类白色固体15.9g,收率77.9%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C39H21F5,理论值584.1563,测试值584.1567。元素分析(C39H21F5),理论值C:80.13,H:3.62,F:16.25,实测值C:80.11,H:3.64,F:16.25。
实施例38化合物31的制备
化合物29的制备:在500mL三口瓶中,加入化合物1(11.6g,0.035mol),干燥的四氢呋喃(120g),降温至-78℃,滴入正丁基锂的正己烷溶液(16mL,2.2mol/L,0.035mol),-78℃保温1h,将二苯甲酮(6.37g,0.035mol)溶解在70mL干燥的四氢呋喃中,而后慢慢滴入反应瓶,-78℃保温3h,将反应瓶移入25℃的水浴中,反应液自然升温至10℃,加入40mL质量浓度为10%的盐酸水溶液,搅拌10min,分液,收集有机相,脱去溶剂,得到化合物29的粗产品15g,所得化合物29的粗产品,不再进行精制,直接用于下一步反应中。
化合物30的制备:在500mL三口瓶中,加入上一步所得到的化合物29的粗产品(15g),加入冰乙酸120g,质量浓度为35.5%的浓盐酸0.5g,升温至回流,保温反应4h,降温至25℃,抽滤,180g去离子水淋洗滤饼,60g无水乙醇淋洗滤饼,收集滤饼,使用甲苯为溶剂重结晶,得到化合物30,白色固体12.1g,收率82.8%,高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C33H22,理论值418.1722,测试值418.1729。
化合物31的制备:在500mL三口瓶中,加入上一步所得到的化合物30(11.7g,0.028mol),加入二氯甲烷240g,溴素(5.2g,0.032mol),升温至回流,保温反应8h,降温至25℃,加入100mL去离子水,10g亚硫酸钠,搅拌10min,分液,100g二氯甲烷萃取水相,分液,合并有机相,脱去溶剂,所得粗产品使用甲苯为溶剂重结晶,得到化合物31,白色固体14.2g,收率71%。高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C33H20Br2,理论值575.9911,测试值575.9916。
实施例39化合物C39的制备
在100mL三口瓶中,加入化合物31(2.88g,5mmol),2,4,6-三氟苯硼酸(2.11g,12mmol),碳酸钾(4.1g,30mmol),甲苯(46g),去离子水(15g),氮气保护下,加入Pd(PPh3)4(0.3g),升温至回流,保温反应18h,降温至30℃,抽滤,所得粗品使用硅胶柱层析纯化,洗脱剂为石油醚:二氯甲烷=2:1(V/V),得到类白色固体2.7g,使用化学气相沉积系统进一步升华提纯,升华温度370℃,得到2.2g目标物C39,收率64.7%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C45H24F6,理论值678.1782,测试值678.1788。元素分析(C45H24F6),理论值C:79.64,H:3.56,F:16.80,实测值C:79.66,H:3.55,F:16.79。
实施例40化合物C40的制备
以五氟苯硼酸代替2,4,6-三氟苯硼酸为原料,按照实施例40所述方法,合成化合物C40,收率55.2%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C45H20F10,理论值750.1405,测试值750.1408。元素分析(C45H20F10),理论值C:72.00,H:2.69,F:25.31,实测值C:72.01,H:2.67,F:25.32。
实施例41化合物C41的制备
化合物32的制备:在500mL三口瓶中,加入化合物C34(8.9g,0.02mol),加入二氯甲烷220g,溴素(3.2g,0.02mol),25℃保温反应16h,加入100mL去离子水,10g亚硫酸钠,搅拌10min,分液,100g二氯甲烷萃取水相,合并有机相,脱去溶剂,所得粗产品使用甲苯为溶剂重结晶,得到化合物32,类白色固体8.2g,收率78.1%。高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C35H23Br,理论值522.0983,测试值522.0986。
化合物C41的制备:在100mL三口瓶中,加入化合物32(2.61g,5mmol),五氟苯硼酸(1.27g,6mmol),碳酸钾(1.65g,12mmol),甲苯(40g),去离子水(15g),氮气保护下,加入Pd(PPh3)4(0.3g),升温至回流,保温反应18h,降温至30℃,抽滤,所得粗品使用硅胶柱层析纯化,洗脱剂为石油醚:二氯甲烷=2:1(V/V),得到类白色固体1.8g,使用化学气相沉积系统进一步升华提纯,升华温度360℃,得到1.4g目标物C41,收率46%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C41H23F5,理论值610.1720,测试值610.1722。元素分析(C41H23F5),理论值C:80.65,H:3.80,F:15.55,实测值C:80.66,H:3.81,F:15.53。
实施例42化合物C42的制备
以5-(五氟苯基)萘-1-硼酸代替4-(五氟苯基)-1-萘硼酸为原料,按照实施例37所述方法,合成化合物C42,收率62.9%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C39H21F5,理论值584.1563,测试值584.1566。元素分析(C39H21F5),理论值C:80.13,H:3.62,F:16.25,实测值C:80.14,H:3.62,F:16.24。
有机电致发光器件实施例:
本发明选取化合物C06、化合物C11、化合物C14、化合物C24、化合物C26、化合物C28、化合物C31、化合物C34、化合物C40、化合物C42作为发光层材料,制作有机电致发光器件,应当理解,器件实施过程与结果,只是为了更好地解释本发明,并非对本发明的限制。
实施例43化合物C06在有机电致发光器件中的应用
本实施例按照下述方法制备有机电致发光器件一:
a)清洗ITO(氧化铟锡)玻璃:分别用去离子水、丙酮、乙醇超声清洗ITO玻璃各30分钟,然后在等离子体清洗器中处理5分钟;
b)在阳极ITO玻璃上真空蒸镀空穴传输层NPB,厚度为50nm;
c)在空穴传输层NPB之上,真空蒸镀发光层化合物C06,厚度为30nm;
d)在发光层之上,真空蒸镀作为电子传输层的TPBI,厚度为30nm;
e)在电子传输层之上,真空蒸镀电子注入层LiF,厚度为1nm;
f)在电子注入层之上,真空蒸镀阴极Al,厚度为100nm。
器件一的结构为ITO/NPB(50nm)/化合物C06(30nm)/TPBI(30nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al(100nm),真空蒸镀过程中,压力<1.0X10-3Pa,器件一的启亮电压、最大电流效率、色纯度等光电数据列于后文表1中。
实施例44-实施例52化合物C11-化合物C42在有机电致发光器件中的应用
分别以化合物C11、化合物C14、化合物C24、化合物C26、化合物C28、化合物C31、化合物C34、化合物C40、化合物C42代替化合物C06,按照实施例43所述方法,制作有机电致发光器件二至器件十,器件二至器件十的结构,分别为ITO/NPB(50nm)/化合物C11-化合物C42(30nm)/TPBI(30nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al(100nm),器件一至器件十的启亮电压、最大电流效率、色纯度等光电数据如下表1所示。
表1器件一至器件十光电数据表
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例,并非对本发明的限制。本发明旨在提供一种新型小分子有机电致发光材料,以本发明所提供的材料制作的OLED器件,器件性能有进一步提升的空间,如使用其它材料代替NPB作为空穴传输层,使用掺杂的方式制作发光层等,类似改进都应该被理解为,属于本发明的保护范畴。

Claims (8)

1.一种小分子有机电致发光材料,其特征在于,该材料的分子结构包括由不含有取代基或含有取代基的1,1'-联萘结构单元与不含取代基或含有取代基的二苯甲酮连接而成的具有刚性平面的母体结构,该材料具有符合式(Ⅰ)所示的分子结构:
其中,R1和R2相同,为H原子、烷基取代基或芳香族取代基;R3、R4、R5、R6彼此独立,或R3、R4彼此独立,R5、R6之间通过化学键彼此相连,或R5、R6彼此独立,R3、R4之间通过化学键彼此相连,或R3与R4之间、R5与R6之间均通过化学键彼此相连。
2.如权利要求1所述小分子有机电致发光材料,其特征在于,所述R1和R2相同,为H原子、甲基、异丙基、叔丁基、苯基、邻甲基苯基、对叔丁基苯基、吡啶基、二苯基氨基或咔唑基。
3.如权利要求1所述小分子有机电致发光材料,其特征在于,所述R1和R2为烷基取代基或芳香族取代基时,相对的位于二苯甲酮的4,4'位。
4.如权利要求1至3任一项所述小分子有机电致发光材料,其特征在于,所述R3、R4、R5、R6彼此独立,该材料具有符合式(Ⅱ)所示的分子结构;
或R3、R4彼此独立,R5、R6均为甲基且二者之间通过化学键彼此相连成环,该材料具有符合式(Ⅲ)所示的分子结构;
或R5、R6彼此独立,R3、R4均为甲基且二者之间通过化学键彼此相连成环,该材料具有符合式(Ⅳ)所示的分子结构;
或R3、R4、R5、R6均为甲基且R3与R4之间、R5与R6之间均通过化学键彼此相连成环,该材料具有符合式(Ⅴ)所示的分子结构。
5.如权利要求3所述小分子有机电致发光材料,其特征在于,所述式(Ⅱ)所示的分子结构中,R3为H原子、F原子、甲氧基、氰基、三氟甲基、三氟苯基或五氟苯基,R4为H原子、三氟苯基或五氟苯基,R5为H原子、三氟苯基或五氟苯基,R6为H原子。
6.如权利要求3所述小分子有机电致发光材料,其特征在于,所述式(Ⅲ)所示的分子结构中,R3为H原子、F原子或五氟苯基,R4为H原子或五氟苯基。
7.如权利要求3所述小分子有机电致发光材料,其特征在于,所述式(Ⅳ)所示的分子结构中,R5为H原子或五氟苯基,R6为H原子。
8.一种小分子有机电致发光材料在制备有机电致发光器件中的应用,其特征在于,在所制备的有机电致发光器件中,至少有一个功能层含有如权利要求1至7任一项所述的小分子有机电致发光材料。
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