CN105648333A - Copper-containing iron-based powder metallurgy material and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Copper-containing iron-based powder metallurgy material and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105648333A CN105648333A CN201610196215.4A CN201610196215A CN105648333A CN 105648333 A CN105648333 A CN 105648333A CN 201610196215 A CN201610196215 A CN 201610196215A CN 105648333 A CN105648333 A CN 105648333A
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- metallurgy material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0207—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a copper-containing iron-based powder metallurgy material and a preparation process thereof. The metallurgy material is prepared by mixing iron powder, iron-based mechanical alloyed powder and copper powder. The preparation process includes: adopting a ball milling method to prepare iron-based mechanical alloyed powder; mixing the iron-based mechanical alloyed powder with the iron powder, the copper powder and lubricant to prepare the copper-containing iron-based powder metallurgy material. The ball milling method is adopted to prepare the iron-based mechanical alloyed powder, so that ball milling powder is high in granularity, high in activity and uniform in composition, interaction with liquid phase of copper at high temperature in the process of sintering can be improved, sintering is facilitated, microstructural uniformity of a sintered material is improved, and distribution of residual holes after graphite dispersion is improved. Compared with a material prepared by adopting a direct powder mixing process, the metallurgy material prepared by adopting the preparation process is higher in strength and hardness. In addition, direct adding of graphite powder is not needed, so that uniformity of various components during mixing can be improved, and component separation during transporting and feeding is reduced effectively.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of powder metallurgy, be specifically related to a kind of cupric iron-base powder metallurgy material and preparation technology thereof.
Background technology
Powder metallurgy includes the preparation of powder and the production of sintered metal product. Powder be prepared by adopting machinery, metallurgical or physico-chemical process, make metal, alloy or metallic compound be transformed into the Technology of pulverulence from solid-state, liquid or gaseous state. The production of sintered metal product is to utilize the metal produced or with the mixture of metal dust or metal dust and non-metal powder as raw material, through shaping, sintering, and other subsequent handling, manufacture the Technology of metal material, composite and all kinds goods. Because of its there is near-net-shape, the excellent characteristics such as stock utilization is high, energy-conservation, it is wide to produce material ranges, Product Precision is high, be largely used to the preparation of metal parts in the industrial production, particularly had a wide range of applications at automobile manufacturing field.
Carbon is composition indispensable during iron-base powder metallurgy material produces. Generally in iron-base powder metallurgy material produces, the carbon needed for product adds with the form of powdered graphite. Powdered graphite spreads in sintering process, carburizing, improves materials microstructure, improves mechanical performance and the physical and chemical performance of material. But, the density of powdered graphite is low, is only the 1/4 of iron powder, adds graphite batch mixing and easily causes the component segregation of mixed-powder; And, mixed-powder there will be graphite floatation in transport and feeding process, causes that composition separates, affects the ingredient stability of material, causes the uneven components between identical product inside and different product, causes that product quality is difficult to control to, and percent defective increases. Additionally, for making carbon can quickly spread in sintering process, the general powdered graphite selecting particle diameter tiny, this is easier to produce component segregation and separates with composition.
CN1524913A discloses the binding agent for powder metallurgy and mixed-powder and mixed-powder production method, is mixed by the binding agent being used for powder metallurgy of this invention for can effectively prevent the problems such as graphite dispersion in the material powder of powder metallurgy. But easily there is agglomeration in binding agent, affects material property. CN104368816A discloses the manufacture method of a kind of powdered metal parts, the method adopts copper coated graphite powder, improve the density of graphite powder, reduce the material segregation in mixed point process and the composition separation degree in transportation, but copper-plated graphite is relatively costly, it is used in the production of high added value powder metallurgy product.US2011253264A1 discloses a kind of iron-carbon alloy, this patent adopts method of smelting to prepare the intermediate alloy of phosphorus content 0.3 ~ 8%, and adopt this intermediate alloy to meet the powder metallurgy product demand to carbon content as carbon source, but, in pre-alloyed powder, during phosphorus content height, hardness is high, powder property is relatively poor, and this patent adopts the sintering temperature of 1200 DEG C, and meshbeltfurnace conventional in industry is difficult to meet so high sintering temperature.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aims to problems of the prior art, a kind of cupric iron-base powder metallurgy material and preparation technology thereof are provided, both the composition range of intermediate powder had been expanded by ball milling, strengthen the activity of intermediate powder, be conducive to the diffusion of element in sintering process, improve the performances such as the intensity of iron-base powder metallurgy material, hardness; The powdered metallurgical material demand to carbon can be met again, improve the deficiency directly adding graphite blending processes of powders.
A kind of cupric iron-base powder metallurgy material, its each component and mass percent are as follows:
Iron-based mechanical alloying powder 1 ~ 30%;
Copper powder 1 ~ 5%;
Remaining as ferrum powder; Above-mentioned each constituent mass summation is 100%.
Described iron-based mechanical alloying powdery components and mass percent be:
Graphite powder 5 ~ 30%;
Iron powder 40 ~ 95%;
Other element powder or alloyed powder 0 ~ 50%.
Other described element powder or alloyed powder include one or more in manganese powder, chromium powder, ferromanganese powder, ferrosilicon powder and ferrochrome powder.
The preparation technology of a kind of cupric iron-base powder metallurgy material of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of iron-based mechanical alloying powder: iron powder, graphite powder, other element powder or alloyed powder are mixed 5 ~ 30min, adds the process control agent of mixed-powder quality 1 ~ 3%;
2) being put into by said mixture with 250 ~ 450r/min speed ball milling 6 ~ 24h in ball mill, ball-milled powder crosses 100 mesh sieves, obtains iron-based mechanical alloying powder.
3) preparation of powdered metallurgical material: put into iron powder, copper powder, lubricant by described iron-based mechanical alloying powder and mix 20 ~ 40min in batch mixer, then carries out suppressing, sintering etc. obtains described powdered metallurgical material.
In above-mentioned preparation process, it is preferable that the ratio of grinding media to material of ball mill is 5:1 ~ 10:1.
In above-mentioned preparation process, it is preferable that the iron-based mechanical alloying powder after ball milling is carried out stress relief annealing process, and annealing temperature is 600 ~ 980 DEG C, under high temperature, it is incubated 1 ~ 12h, 1 ~ 5 DEG C/min of rate of cooling.
Described lubricant is preferably zinc stearate, paraffin, and addition is 0.3 ~ 0.8%.
Described process control agent is preferably without water-ethanol, carbon tetrachloride, methanol, stearic acid, paraffin.
The present invention adopts ball-milling technology to prepare iron-based mechanical alloying powder, this ball-milled powder fine size, activity is high, composition is uniform, the interaction of the liquid phase produced with copper under high temperature in sintering process can be increased, accelerate migration and the diffusion of material during sintering, be conducive to the carrying out of sintering process, improve sintered material microstructure uniformity, improve the distribution of residual porosity after graphite diffusion. Adopting material prepared by this technique compared with material prepared by direct blending processes of powders, intensity and hardness are improved. And, the present invention is without directly adding powdered graphite, it is possible to increase the uniformity coefficient of various compositions during batch mixing, effectively reduces transport and separates with the composition in feeding process. Additionally, the element such as silicon, manganese adopts ball-milled powder mode to add, be conducive to the diffusion in sintering process of these elements, intensity and the hardness of material can be effectively improved simultaneously.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
1) weigh graphite powder 10g, ferromanganese powder 24g, ferrosilicon powder 20g, chromium powder 6g, iron powder 40g, mix 20min, add 1g dehydrated alcohol;
2) said mixture is put into ball milling 24h in ball mill, and powder after ball milling is crossed 100 mesh sieves, obtain iron-based mechanical alloying powder; Wherein ball mill adopts horizontal planetary ball mill, and ball grinder material is rustless steel, and Material quality of grinding balls is tungsten carbide, ratio of grinding media to material 10:1, drum's speed of rotation 250r/min, adopts rotating alternately, often works 30 minutes, stop 5 minutes.
3) weigh above-mentioned iron-based mechanical alloying powder 5g, iron powder 94g, copper powder 1g, paraffin 0.8g, mix 20min. Make type at 500 ~ 600MPa pressure, under the protection of nitrogen nitrogen atmosphere, sinter 30min in 1120 DEG C.
Embodiment 2
1) weigh graphite powder 5g, iron powder 95g, mix 30min, add 3g carbon tetrachloride;
2) said mixture is put into ball milling 12h in ball mill, and powder after ball milling is crossed 100 mesh sieves, obtain iron-based mechanical alloying powder; Wherein ball mill adopts horizontal planetary ball mill, and ball grinder material is rustless steel, and Material quality of grinding balls is rustless steel, ratio of grinding media to material 8:1, drum's speed of rotation 350r/min, adopts rotating alternately, often works 60 minutes, stop 5 minutes.
3) the iron-based mechanical alloying powder after ball milling being carried out stress relief annealing process, annealing temperature is 600 DEG C, is incubated 1h, 1 DEG C/min of rate of cooling under high temperature.
4) weigh above-mentioned iron-based mechanical alloying powder 16g, iron powder 82g, copper powder 2g, zinc stearate 0.75g, mix 30min. Make type at 500 ~ 600MPa pressure, under the protection of nitrogen nitrogen atmosphere, sinter 30min in 1120 DEG C.
Embodiment 3
1) weigh graphite powder 30g, iron powder 70g, mix 5min, add 2g methanol;
2) said mixture is put into ball milling 6h in ball mill, and powder after ball milling is crossed 100 mesh sieves, obtain iron-based mechanical alloying powder; Wherein ball mill adopts horizontal planetary ball mill, and ball grinder material is rustless steel, and Material quality of grinding balls is rustless steel, ratio of grinding media to material 5:1, drum's speed of rotation 450r/min, adopts rotating alternately, often works 30 minutes, stop 5 minutes.
3) weigh above-mentioned iron-based mechanical alloying powder 1g, iron powder 94g, copper powder 5g, micropowder paraffin 0.5g, mix 40min. Make type at 500 ~ 600MPa pressure, under the protection of nitrogen nitrogen atmosphere, sinter 30min in 1120 DEG C.
Embodiment 4
1) weigh graphite powder 5g, manganese powder 2g, ferrosilicon powder 7g, ferrochrome powder 3g, iron powder 83g, mix 20min, add 1g ethanol;
2) said mixture is put into ball milling 24h in ball mill, and powder after ball milling is crossed 100 mesh sieves, obtain iron-based mechanical alloying powder; Wherein ball mill adopts horizontal planetary ball mill, and ball grinder material is rustless steel, and Material quality of grinding balls is tungsten carbide, ratio of grinding media to material 9:1, drum's speed of rotation 280r/min, adopts rotating alternately, often works 30 minutes, stop 5 minutes.
3) the iron-based mechanical alloying powder after ball milling being carried out stress relief annealing process, annealing temperature is 980 DEG C, is incubated 12h, 5 DEG C/min of rate of cooling under high temperature.
4) weigh above-mentioned iron-based mechanical alloying powder 30g, iron powder 68g, copper powder 2g, paraffin 0.8g, mix 20min. Make type at 500 ~ 600MPa pressure, under the protection of nitrogen nitrogen atmosphere, sinter 30min in 1120 DEG C.
Comparative example 1
Weigh iron powder 96.45g, copper powder 2g, graphite powder 0.8g, micropowder paraffin 0.75g, mix 30min. Make type at 500-600MPa pressure, under the protection of nitrogen nitrogen atmosphere, sinter 30min in 1120 DEG C.
Comparative example 2
Weighing iron powder 97.4g, copper powder 2g, graphite powder 0.6g, with dehydrated alcohol for batch mixing medium, ratio of grinding media to material is 5:1, adopts planetary ball mill mixing, rotational speed of ball-mill 120r/min, mixes 5h, dry after mixing.600MPa forming under the pressure, is respectively adopted at microwave sintering and two kinds of techniques of normal sintering 1120 DEG C and sinters, and common process adopts hydrogen atmosphere, is incubated 60min, and microwave sintering adopts nitrogen nitrogen atmosphere, is incubated 10min.
Following table is the Performance comparision of each embodiment and comparative example:
As can be known from the above table, powdered metallurgical material apparent hardness prepared by this technique and crushing strength is adopted to be above material prepared by conventional mixed powder.
Claims (8)
1. a cupric iron-base powder metallurgy material, it is characterised in that each component and mass percent are as follows:
Iron-based mechanical alloying powder 1 ~ 30%;
Copper powder 1 ~ 5%;
Remaining as iron powder, above-mentioned each constituent mass summation is 100%;
Described iron-based mechanical alloying powdery components and mass percent be:
Graphite powder 5 ~ 30%;
Iron powder 40 ~ 95%;
Other element powder or alloyed powder 0 ~ 50%.
2. cupric iron-base powder metallurgy material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that other described element powder or alloyed powder are selected from one or more in manganese powder, chromium powder, ferromanganese powder, ferrosilicon powder and ferrochrome powder.
3. the preparation technology of the cupric iron-base powder metallurgy material described in a claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
1) preparation of iron-based mechanical alloying powder: first iron powder, graphite powder, other element powder or alloyed powder are mixed 5 ~ 30min, adds the process control agent of mixed-powder quality 1 ~ 3%;
2) being put into by said mixture with 250 ~ 450r/min speed ball milling 6 ~ 24h in ball mill, ball-milled powder crosses 100 mesh sieves, obtains iron-based mechanical alloying powder;
3) preparation of powdered metallurgical material: put into iron powder, copper powder, lubricant by described iron-based mechanical alloying powder and mix 20 ~ 40min in batch mixer, then carries out suppressing, sintering etc. obtains described powdered metallurgical material.
4. the preparation technology of cupric iron-base powder metallurgy material according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the ratio of grinding media to material of described ball mill is 5:1 ~ 10:1.
5. the preparation technology of cupric iron-base powder metallurgy material according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the iron-based mechanical alloying powder after ball milling is carried out stress relief annealing process, and annealing temperature is 600 ~ 980 DEG C, 1 ~ 12h, 1 ~ 5 DEG C/min of rate of cooling it is incubated under high temperature.
6. the preparation technology of cupric iron-base powder metallurgy material according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described lubricant is zinc stearate, paraffin.
7. the preparation technology of cupric iron-base powder metallurgy material according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the addition of described lubricant is 0.3 ~ 0.8%.
8. the preparation technology of cupric iron-base powder metallurgy material according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described process control agent is dehydrated alcohol, carbon tetrachloride, methanol, stearic acid, paraffin.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107338435A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-11-10 | 华东交通大学 | A kind of mixed-powder and preparation method of fine copper synchronous powder feeding system |
| CN107737919A (en) * | 2017-10-21 | 2018-02-27 | 石磊 | A kind of preparation method of iron-base powder metallurgy material |
| CN107790733A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-03-13 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of copper nanoparticle and preparation method thereof |
| CN107900323A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-04-13 | 温岭市恒丰粉末冶金有限公司 | A kind of duplex chain wheel |
| CN108130484A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-06-08 | 宁波市江北吉铭汽车配件有限公司 | A kind of bottom valve of shock absorber and preparation method thereof |
| CN110541902A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-12-06 | 北京浦然轨道交通科技有限公司 | Copper-iron-based powder metallurgy brake pad friction block and preparation method thereof |
| CN110756814A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2020-02-07 | 广东美芝制冷设备有限公司 | Preparation method of copper-free metallurgical material, balance block and compressor |
| CN111702167A (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2020-09-25 | 重庆科利得精密机械工业有限公司 | Three-step mixing process for iron-based powder metallurgy |
| CN113000847A (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2021-06-22 | 西安斯瑞先进铜合金科技有限公司 | Preparation method of metal chromium powder for fuel cell bipolar plate |
| CN113151704A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-07-23 | 宁波金田铜业(集团)股份有限公司 | Method for preparing high-elasticity copper-iron alloy through powder metallurgy |
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| CN107338435A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-11-10 | 华东交通大学 | A kind of mixed-powder and preparation method of fine copper synchronous powder feeding system |
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| CN107790733A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-03-13 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of copper nanoparticle and preparation method thereof |
| CN107900323A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-04-13 | 温岭市恒丰粉末冶金有限公司 | A kind of duplex chain wheel |
| CN108130484A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-06-08 | 宁波市江北吉铭汽车配件有限公司 | A kind of bottom valve of shock absorber and preparation method thereof |
| CN110756814A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2020-02-07 | 广东美芝制冷设备有限公司 | Preparation method of copper-free metallurgical material, balance block and compressor |
| CN110756814B (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2022-08-05 | 广东美芝制冷设备有限公司 | Preparation method of copper-free metallurgical material, balance block and compressor |
| CN110541902A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-12-06 | 北京浦然轨道交通科技有限公司 | Copper-iron-based powder metallurgy brake pad friction block and preparation method thereof |
| CN111702167A (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2020-09-25 | 重庆科利得精密机械工业有限公司 | Three-step mixing process for iron-based powder metallurgy |
| CN113151704A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-07-23 | 宁波金田铜业(集团)股份有限公司 | Method for preparing high-elasticity copper-iron alloy through powder metallurgy |
| CN113151704B (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2022-04-12 | 宁波金田铜业(集团)股份有限公司 | Method for preparing high-elasticity copper-iron alloy through powder metallurgy |
| CN113000847A (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2021-06-22 | 西安斯瑞先进铜合金科技有限公司 | Preparation method of metal chromium powder for fuel cell bipolar plate |
| CN113000847B (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2022-11-25 | 西安斯瑞先进铜合金科技有限公司 | Preparation method of metal chromium powder for fuel cell bipolar plate |
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