CN105645720A - 一种用于污泥带式干化的挤出机 - Google Patents
一种用于污泥带式干化的挤出机 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105645720A CN105645720A CN201610111985.4A CN201610111985A CN105645720A CN 105645720 A CN105645720 A CN 105645720A CN 201610111985 A CN201610111985 A CN 201610111985A CN 105645720 A CN105645720 A CN 105645720A
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- extruder
- extrusion
- frame
- bearing bracket
- center bearing
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- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound 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[P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
- B30B11/22—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor
- B30B11/26—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor using press rams
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/16—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening using drying or composting beds
Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于污泥带式干化的挤出机，包括挤出机本体和传送带；传送带横向设置；挤出机本体包括机架、中心支架、通风板、气缸和阀门系统；机架为上端不封口的具有一空置腔的长方体框；机架中部固定有中心支架；中心支架把机架分隔为蓄料腔和挤出腔；中心支架为下端面不封口的具有一空置腔的长方体框；通风板固定在中心支架的空置腔的上部；机架的空置腔的下侧壁和通风板下端面之间均匀纵向竖直固定有若干分隔板；分隔板把挤出腔横向分割成若干挤出工作腔；发明的优点在于：把污泥挤出机分割成若干沿传送带传动方向的挤出工作腔，污泥可以从传送带的下游到上游有序挤出，使污泥在传送带上均匀分布，提高后续污泥干化效率。
Description
技术领域
:
[0001]本发明涉及污泥中温带式干化领域，具体而言，涉及一种用于污泥带式干化的挤出机。
背景技术
:
[0002]因为燃料费用和运输费用不断飙升，污泥处置目前变得更加困难和昂贵。为了防止甲烷和二氧化碳的扩散，同时从长远规划来看也不应该让污染负担转移给后代，目前欧盟国家已经不再允许脱水污泥直接填埋。对于美国和中国来说，今后也将逐步放弃污泥直接填埋的处置方式。
[0003]污泥可以被焚烧处理，剩余的灰烬都是无机物质，可以进行填埋处置。但此时许多营养物质会丢失。从全球磷资源储存量分析知道，可作为肥料的磷资源是有限的。因为灰烬中含有各种重金属，因此这些富含磷含量的灰烬通常不能直接作为农肥使用。虽然目前从灰烬中回收抽提磷的方法很多，但产生的磷价格十分昂贵，还没有商业价值。污泥焚烧产生的这些灰烬目前只能暂时在专门的填埋场内，等待今后磷价格上升之后再进行开发回收。
[0004]脱水污泥虽然可以被直接焚烧，但此焚烧过程中因为需要蒸发水份会消耗大量热能。此外脱水污泥经常需要远距离运输至焚烧地(例如大型煤电厂)，此时也必须额外消耗昂贵的燃料。
[0005]原来普遍采用的污泥处置方法是进行污泥回收利用，即直接作为农肥。在一些欧洲国家，如荷兰和北欧国家，所设置的允许污染物含量如此之低，事实上这些市政污泥已经不可能农用。即使在污泥农用允许的情况下，因为污泥运输距离和费用也在不断增加，这条处置途径今后将变得愈来愈困难。在美国情况有些不同，只要污泥消毒能够到达等级A变可以作为农肥使用。
[0006]不管污泥是被回收利用还是被焚烧处置，通常脱水污泥中的水份含量是在75-85%范围，如果长距离运输这些水份就变得毫无经济意义。如果脱水污泥事先能够得到干化处理，例如从25 %DS干化至90 %DS，污泥重量将降低至原来的28%。干化污泥的热值较高，类似褐煤，二氧化碳呈中性，可作为再生燃料进行热电联产。
[0007]在此背景情况下，欧洲污泥干化处理装置的数量逐年递增。近些年来，在美国和中国也开始建造污泥干化处理装置。污泥干化之后不仅可以降低运输费用，并且这些干化污泥在煤电厂或水泥窑进行焚烧处置时也变得容易简单。
[0008] 现有的污泥干化处理装置主要包括湿料仓、螺杆栗、污泥挤出机、干化主机、环风风机、化学除臭塔、生物滤池等等;其中污泥挤出机是常用的设备，他把污泥挤出成条状，以方便后续的干化;但是现有的污泥挤出机跟一般的挤出机没有什么区别，所有的污泥同时被挤出，最终污泥的成型效果一般都堆积在传送带上，这样污泥之间的空隙有限，且分布不均匀，会影响后续与热空气的接触面积，最终影响干化的效果。
[0009]针对上述方案存在的缺点，有必要提供一种新的方案来解决这个问题。发明内容:
[0010]本发明的目的是针对现有技术不足，提供一种污泥先后有序挤出，随着传送带的前进均匀的分布其上的挤出机。
[0011]为达到上述目的，本发明提供了一种用于污泥带式干化的挤出机，包括挤出机本体和传送带;传送带横向设置;挤出机本体包括机架、中心支架、通风板、气缸和阀门系统；机架为上端不封口的具有一空置腔的长方体框;机架中部横向固定有中心支架；中心支架把机架分隔为蓄料腔和挤出腔；中心支架为横向贯穿有矩形槽的长方体;通风板固定在中心支架的矩形槽的上部;机架的空置腔的下侧壁和通风板下端面之间均匀纵向竖直固定有若干分隔板;分隔板把挤出腔横向分割成若干挤出工作腔;气缸竖直穿过在通风板固定在中心支架上;气缸数量与挤出工作腔数量一致;气缸位于挤出工作腔上方中心位置;气缸活塞杆上固定有压板;压板长宽尺寸与挤出工作腔的长宽尺寸相同；压板把挤出工作腔分割为上工作腔和下工作腔；中心支架前后侧壁分别与机架的空置腔前后壁面成型有两个污泥通道;通风板位于每个挤出工作腔的下侧面上成型有若干竖直设置的通风孔;通风板内部横向设置有通风管;所述通风管与通风孔连通;通风管左右两端贯穿位于机架左右两侧面；机架下侧壁设置有若干列纵向设置的挤出口； 一列挤出口与一个挤出工作腔连通；阀门系统包括一对支撑板、转轴、偏心轮、转动电机和阀门板;阀门系统设置有一对并对称分布;支撑板固定在机架下端面;转轴横向枢接在一对支撑板上;转轴固连在转动电机的输出轴上；偏心轮固定在转轴上;偏心轮数量与挤出工作室数量相同；阀门板上端穿过机架下侧壁插设在中心支架前壁或者后壁的下端面上、下端抵靠在偏心轮上；阀门板数量与偏心轮数量一 Sc ο
[0012]作为上述技术方案的优选，中心支架上端面的前后边成型有倒角。
[0013]作为上述技术方案的优选，阀门板上端面的前后边成型有倒角，两个倒角构成尖角。
[0014]作为上述技术方案的优选，所述挤出口为上部呈漏斗、下部为圆柱孔。
[0015]作为上述技术方案的优选，相邻的挤出口上部的漏斗相切。
[0016]本发明的有益效果在于:把污泥挤出机分割成若干沿传送带传动方向的挤出工作腔，污泥可以从传送带的下游到上游有序挤出，使污泥在传送带上均匀分布，提高后续污泥干化效率。
附图说明
:
[0017]图1为本发明的正视的剖面结构示意图；
[0018]图2为本发明的侧视的剖面结构示意图；
[0019]图中，1、挤出机本体；11、机架；110、蓄料腔；1101、污泥通道；111、通风管；112、挤出口；113、分隔板;12、中心支架；121、后壁;122、倒角；123、上工作腔；124、下工作腔；13、通风板;131、通风孔;14、气缸;141、压板;15、阀门系统；151、转动电机;152、支撑板;153、偏心轮;154、阀门板;155、转轴;20、传送带。
具体实施方式
:
[0020]如图1〜图2所示，一种用于污泥带式干化的挤出机，包括挤出机本体10和传送带20;传送带20横向设置;其特征在于:挤出机本体1包括机架11、中心支架12、通风板13、气缸14和阀门系统15;机架11为上端不封口的具有一空置腔的长方体框;机架11中部横向固定有中心支架12;中心支架12把机架11分隔为蓄料腔110和挤出腔;中心支架12为横向贯穿有矩形槽的长方体;通风板13固定在中心支架12的矩形槽的上部;机架11的空置腔的下侧壁和通风板13下端面之间均匀纵向竖直固定有若干分隔板113;分隔板113把挤出腔横向分割成若干挤出工作腔;气缸14竖直穿过在通风板13固定在中心支架12上;气缸14数量与挤出工作腔数量一致；气缸14位于挤出工作腔上方中心位置;气缸14活塞杆上固定有压板141;压板141长宽尺寸与挤出工作腔的长宽尺寸相同；压板141把挤出工作腔分割为上工作腔123和下工作腔124;中心支架12前后侧壁分别与机架11的空置腔前后壁面成型有两个污泥通道1101;通风板13位于每个挤出工作腔的下侧面上成型有若干竖直设置的通风孔131;通风板13内部横向设置有通风管111;所述通风管111与通风孔131连通;通风管111左右两端贯穿位于机架11左右两侧面;机架11下侧壁设置有若干列纵向设置的挤出口 112;—列挤出口 112与一个挤出工作腔连通；阀门系统15包括一对支撑板152、转轴155、偏心轮153、转动电机151和阀门板154;阀门系统15设置有一对并对称分布;支撑板152固定在机架11下端面;转轴155横向枢接在一对支撑板152上;转轴155固连在转动电机151的输出轴上;偏心轮153固定在转轴155上;偏心轮153数量与挤出工作室数量相同；阀门板154上端穿过机架11下侧壁插设在中心支架12前壁或者后壁121的下端面上、下端抵靠在偏心轮153上；阀门板154数量与偏心轮153数量一致。
[0021]如图2所示，中心支架12上端面的前后边成型有倒角122。
[0022]如图2所示，阀门板154上端面的前后边成型有倒角，两个倒角构成尖角。
[0023] 如图2所示，所述挤出口 112为上部呈漏斗、下部为圆柱孔。
[0024]如图2所示，相邻的挤出口 112上部的漏斗相切。
[0025]具体操作时，本发明所述用于污泥带式干化的挤出机的工作流程如下:
[0026]第一步，启动全部气缸14带动压板141向下运动，把下工作腔124中的气体排出。
[0027]第二步，启动转动电机151，转动电机151带动转轴155，转轴155带动阀门板154插入到中心支架12的前壁和后壁121中。
[0028]第三步，把污泥放入蓄料腔110中，污泥在重力的作用下顺着污泥通道1101到达阀门板154—侧。
[0029]第四步，启动所有气缸14带动压板141向上运动，使下工作腔124中形成真空(由于通风孔131和通风管111的存在，压板141可以方便的运动)。
[0030] 第五步，转动电机151转动电机151带动转轴155，转轴155带动阀门板154向下运动，此时由于下工作腔124真空状态，污泥进入下工作腔124中。
[0031]第六步，启动转动电机151，转动电机151带动转轴155，转轴155带动阀门板154插入到中心支架12的前壁和后壁121中，关闭下工作腔124。
[0032]第七步，依次启动传送带20从下游到上游的气缸14带动压板141向下运动，污泥就经过挤出口 112呈条状，被传送带20带往下一道工序。
[0033] 之后一边不断的往蓄料腔110添加污泥，同时不断重复第四步〜第七步，污泥不断呈条状被传送带20带往下一道工序。
[0034]以上内容仅为本发明的较佳实施方式，对于本领域的普通技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。
Claims (5)
1.一种用于污泥带式干化的挤出机，包括挤出机本体(10)和传送带(20);传送带(20)横向设置;其特征在于:挤出机本体(10)包括机架(II)、中心支架(12)、通风板(13)、气缸(14)和阀门系统(15);机架(11)为上端不封口的具有一空置腔的长方体框;机架(11)中部横向固定有中心支架(12);中心支架(12)把机架(11)分隔为蓄料腔(I 10)和挤出腔；中心支架(12)为横向贯穿有矩形槽的长方体;通风板(13)固定在中心支架(12)的矩形槽的上部；机架(11)的空置腔的下侧壁和通风板(13)下端面之间均匀纵向竖直固定有若干分隔板(113);分隔板(113)把挤出腔横向分割成若干挤出工作腔；气缸(14)竖直穿过在通风板(13)固定在中心支架(12)上;气缸(14)数量与挤出工作腔数量一致;气缸(14)位于挤出工作腔上方中心位置;气缸(14)活塞杆上固定有压板(141);压板(141)长宽尺寸与挤出工作腔的长宽尺寸相同；压板(141)把挤出工作腔分割为上工作腔(123)和下工作腔(124);中心支架(12)前后侧壁分别与机架(11)的空置腔前后壁面成型有两个污泥通道(1101);通风板(13)位于每个挤出工作腔的下侧面上成型有若干竖直设置的通风孔(131);通风板(13)内部横向设置有通风管(111);所述通风管(111)与通风孔(131)连通;通风管(111)左右两端贯穿位于机架(11)左右两侧面;机架(11)下侧壁设置有若干列纵向设置的挤出口(112); —列挤出口(I12)与一个挤出工作腔连通；阀门系统(I5)包括一对支撑板(I52)、转轴(I55)、偏心轮(153)、转动电机(I51)和阀门板(I54);阀门系统(I5)设置有一对并对称分布;支撑板(152)固定在机架(11)下端面;转轴(155)横向枢接在一对支撑板(152)上;转轴(155)固连在转动电机(I 51)的输出轴上;偏心轮(I 53)固定在转轴(I 55)上;偏心轮(I 53)数量与挤出工作室数量相同；阀门板(154)上端穿过机架(11)下侧壁插设在中心支架(12)前壁或者后壁(121)的下端面上、下端抵靠在偏心轮(153)上；阀门板(154)数量与偏心轮(153)数量一 Sc ο
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于污泥带式干化的挤出机，其特征在于:中心支架(12)上端面的前后边成型有倒角(122)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于污泥带式干化的挤出机，其特征在于:阀门板(154)上端面的前后边成型有倒角，两个倒角构成尖角。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于污泥带式干化的挤出机，其特征在于:所述挤出口(112)为上部呈漏斗、下部为圆柱孔。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种用于污泥带式干化的挤出机，其特征在于:相邻的挤出口(112)上部的漏斗相切。
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