CN105642275A - 一种CeO2/Bi2WO6/MgAl-LDH复合光催化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种CeO2/Bi2WO6/MgAl-LDH复合光催化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 235000003301 Ceiba pentandra Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 244000146553 Ceiba pentandra Species 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 27
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
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- RZUBARUFLYGOGC-MTHOTQAESA-L acid fuchsin Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=C(N)C(C)=CC(C(=C\2C=C(C(=[NH2+])C=C/2)S([O-])(=O)=O)\C=2C=C(C(N)=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1 RZUBARUFLYGOGC-MTHOTQAESA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- WZRZTHMJPHPAMU-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;(3e)-3-[(4-amino-3-sulfonatophenyl)-(4-amino-3-sulfophenyl)methylidene]-6-imino-5-methylcyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C1=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=N)C(C)=CC1=C(C=1C=C(C(N)=CC=1)S([O-])(=O)=O)C1=CC=C(N)C(S(O)(=O)=O)=C1 WZRZTHMJPHPAMU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
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- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 229910020038 Mg6Al2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种CeO2/Bi2WO6/MgAl-LDH复合光催化剂及其制备方法和应用,属于光催化材料领域。本发明以木棉为形态导向材料,利用水热法和溶剂热制备CeO2/Bi2WO6/MgAl-LDH复合光催化剂,该复合催化剂具有优异的光催化性能,尤其在氙灯照射下可高效的降解污水中的有机污染物。本发明工艺路径简单易行,成本低,污染小。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种应用于污水光催化降解方面的复合光催化剂,具体涉及一种木棉为生物模板的CeO2/Bi2WO6/MgAl-LDH复合光催化剂及其制备方法和在光催化降解酸性品红方面的应用。
背景技术
光催化氧化是以N型半导体的能带理论为基础。N型半导体吸收能量大于禁带宽度的光子后,受激进入导带,同时在价带和导带上产生光致空穴。光生电子和空穴具有较强的氧化还原能力,可降解有机污染物。光催化剂的光催化活性主要取决于其能带结构和比表面积。氧化铈是一种较常见的光催化剂,其具有较好的光催化活性和热稳定性。传统的CeO2光催化剂由于其较宽的禁带宽度(Eg=2.94eV),只能响应波长小于420nm的紫外光(约为太阳光的5%)。为了实现太阳能的充分利用,构建具有窄禁带宽度、分级多孔结构、响应可见光的光催化剂具有重要意义。复合不同半导体,利用不同半导体导带和价带能级的差异形成异质结是提高光生电子-空穴对分离效率的有效途径之一。Bi2WO6的禁带宽度为2.7eV,当Bi2WO6与CeO2半导体复合,在紫外光的照射下,电子从CeO2和Bi2WO6两相的导带上同时被激发,由于CeO2的价带电势比Bi2WO6的更高,空穴会从CeO2向Bi2WO6迁移,而CeO2导带的电子难以迁移,因此电子空穴对得到了有效的分离。双层氢氧化物(LDHs)具有独特的层状结构,层面上富集羟基,且由于存在离子取代,层面带负点,因此可通过静电吸引和离子取代,吸附有机离子团。基于此考虑,本发明利用木棉为模板,制备了CeO2/Bi2WO6/MgAl-LDH复合光催化剂,其中MgAl-LDH可有效吸附溶液中的有机离子团,MgAl-LDH周围的CeO2/Bi2WO6进而将这些有机离子团光催化降解。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有强催化活性的CeO2/Bi2WO6/MgAl-LDH复合光催化剂及其制备方法和应用。
本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种CeO2/Bi2WO6/MgAl-LDH复合光催化剂,其特征在于,其以木棉为模板,微观上单根纤维是由CeO2纳米颗粒、Bi2WO6纳米片、MgAl-LDH纳米片组成;所述Bi2WO6和MgAl-LDH均为层片状结构,两者交叠穿插生长。
一种CeO2/Bi2WO6/MgAl-LDH复合光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,它包括以下步骤:
(1)木棉的预处理:取适量木棉与20wt%的NaOH按一定比例混合,室温下静止一段时间,过滤干燥;
(2)以木棉为模板制备CeO2:取适量预处理后的木棉,浸泡到一定浓度的硝酸铈-乙醇溶液中,静置;取出浸渍后的木棉80℃烘干,最后经马弗炉500℃煅烧0.5h,制得CeO2;
(3)取一定量的硝酸铝、硫酸镁及尿素混合后溶于60mL的蒸馏水中,加入适量步骤(2)中制得的CeO2,经磁力搅拌20min后装入100mL的反应釜,在恒温箱中于160℃保温16h,待冷却后过滤洗涤烘干,制得CeO2/MgAl-LDH;
(4)取适量硝酸铋溶解到2.5mL20wt%的硝酸溶液中,配得溶液A;取适量钨酸钠溶解到20mL的乙二醇中,配得溶液B;将溶液B倒入溶液A中,磁力搅拌1h后得到均匀溶液,随后用浓度为0.1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液调节pH值至7.5;
(5)在上述溶液中加入由步骤(3)制得的CeO2/MgAl-LDH,磁力搅拌20min后装入100mL的反应釜进行溶剂热反应,待冷却后过滤洗涤烘干即得最终样品。
所述步骤(1)中木棉与NaOH的质量体积比为1:20,混合后的静止时间为24h。
所述步骤(2)中硝酸铈-乙醇溶液的浓度为0.5mol/L,静置时间为8h。
所述步骤(3)中硝酸铝、硫酸镁、尿素的量分别为0.5mmol、1.5mmol、1.5mmol,CeO2的加入量为2g。
所述步骤(4)中硝酸铋的加入量为5mmol,钨酸钠的加入量为2.5mmol。
所述步骤(5)中溶剂热反应温度为150~190oC,保温时间为5h。
所述的复合光催化剂在处理染料废水中的应用,其特征在于,使用时在氙灯照射下对对酸性品红染料废水进行降解处理,在500W长弧氙灯照射60min后,酸性品红的降解率可达91.8%。
本发明的有益效果是:以天然木棉为模板,利用简单易行的溶剂热方法,设计制备具有合理能级结构、保留木棉纤维形貌的CeO2/Bi2WO6/MgAl-LDH复合光催化剂。本发明的方法工艺简单、成本低、易操作、污染小。制备的复合催化剂在氙灯照射下,对有机污染物具有良好的光催化降解活性。本发明在一定程度上丰富了复合光催化剂的制备方法,给光催化剂的设计带来新的理念。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1、2、3所制备的CeO2/Bi2WO6/MgAl-LDH复合光催化剂在氙灯(500W)照射下对酸性品红的降解曲线。
图2为本发明中实施例3制备过程中各步骤试样的XRD图谱,(a)为本发明所制得的CeO2的XRD谱图,(b)为本发明所制备试样CeO2/Bi2WO6/MgAl-LDH的XRD谱图。
图3为本发明中实施例3制备过程中各步骤试样的SEM照片,其中(a)为木棉模板,(b)步骤(2)所制备的CeO2的SEM照片,(c)为CeO2的EDS能谱;(d)-(e)为步骤(5)所制备试样CeO2/Bi2WO6/MgAl-LDH的高低倍SEM照片;(f)为试样CeO2/Bi2WO6/MgAl-LDH的EDS能谱。
图4为发明中实施例3制备过程中各步骤所得试样的TEM照片:(a)为步骤(2)所得CeO2的TEM照片,(b)为步骤(5)所得试样CeO2/Bi2WO6/MgAl-LDH的TEM照片。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明上述的和另外的技术特征和优点作更详细的说明。
实施例1
将4g木棉浸泡在80mLNaOH(20wt%)中,室温下静止24h,滤干后放入干燥箱于80℃干燥10h,制得预处理木棉;取4g预处理后木棉,浸渍到200mL浓度为0.5mol/L的硝酸铈的乙醇溶液中,静置8h;取出浸渍后的木棉烘干,经马弗炉500℃煅烧0.5h,制得CeO2。取0.5mmol、1.5mmol、1.5mmol的硝酸铝、硫酸镁及尿素混合后溶于60mL的蒸馏水中,加入2gCeO2,经磁力搅拌20min后装入100mL的反应釜,在恒温箱中于160℃保温16h,待冷却后过滤洗涤烘干,制得CeO2/MgAl-LDH。
将5mmol的硝酸铋溶解到2.5mL20wt%的硝酸溶液中,配得溶液A;取2.5mmol的钨酸钠溶解到20mL的乙二醇中,配得溶液B;将溶液B倒入溶液A中,磁力搅拌1h后得到均匀溶液,随后用浓度为0.1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液调节pH值至7.5;在上述溶液中加入500mgCeO2/MgAl-LDH,磁力搅拌20min后装入100mL的反应釜于150℃保温5h,待冷却后过滤洗涤烘干即得最终CeO2/Bi2WO6/MgAl-LDH样品。
实施例2
将4g木棉浸泡在80mLNaOH(20wt%)中,室温下静止24h,滤干后放入干燥箱于80℃干燥10h,制得预处理木棉;取4g预处理后木棉,浸渍到200mL浓度为0.5mol/L的硝酸铈的乙醇溶液中,静置8h;取出浸渍后的木棉烘干,经马弗炉500℃煅烧0.5h,制得CeO2。取0.5mmol、1.5mmol、1.5mmol的硝酸铝、硫酸镁及尿素混合后溶于60mL的蒸馏水中,加入2gCeO2,经磁力搅拌20min后装入100mL的反应釜,在恒温箱中于160℃保温16h,待冷却后过滤洗涤烘干,制得CeO2/MgAl-LDH。
将5mmol的硝酸铋溶解到2.5mL20wt%的硝酸溶液中,配得溶液A;取2.5mmol的钨酸钠溶解到20mL的乙二醇中,配得溶液B;将溶液B倒入溶液A中,磁力搅拌1h后得到均匀溶液,随后用浓度为0.1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液调节pH值至7.5;在上述溶液中加入500mgCeO2/MgAl-LDH,磁力搅拌20min后装入100mL的反应釜于170℃保温5h,待冷却后过滤洗涤烘干即得最终CeO2/Bi2WO6/MgAl-LDH样品。
实施例3
将4g木棉浸泡在80mLNaOH(20wt%)中,室温下静止24h,滤干后放入干燥箱于80℃干燥10h,制得预处理木棉;取4g预处理后木棉,浸渍到200mL浓度为0.5mol/L的硝酸铈的乙醇溶液中,静置8h;取出浸渍后的木棉烘干,经马弗炉500℃煅烧0.5h,制得CeO2。取0.5mmol、1.5mmol、1.5mmol的硝酸铝、硫酸镁及尿素混合后溶于60mL的蒸馏水中,加入2gCeO2,经磁力搅拌20min后装入100mL的反应釜,在恒温箱中于160℃保温16h,待冷却后过滤洗涤烘干,制得CeO2/MgAl-LDH。
将5mmol的硝酸铋溶解到2.5mL20wt%的硝酸溶液中,配得溶液A;取2.5mmol的钨酸钠溶解到20mL的乙二醇中,配得溶液B;将溶液B倒入溶液A中,磁力搅拌1h后得到均匀溶液,随后用浓度为0.1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液调节pH值至7.5;在上述溶液中加入500mgCeO2/MgAl-LDH,磁力搅拌20min后装入100mL的反应釜于190℃保温5h,待冷却后过滤洗涤烘干即得最终CeO2/Bi2WO6/MgAl-LDH样品。
测试例
以酸性品红溶液作为污水中有机污染物的模拟物分别验证本发明实施例1-3中所制备的光催化剂在模拟太阳光下的催化效果,其方法为:将50mg光催化剂放入80mL100mg/L的酸性品红溶液中,先在黑暗环境下放置30min,至吸附平衡。吸附完成后,在500W氙灯照射下进行光催化反应,光催化过程中,每隔10min取出5mL酸性品红溶液作为样品,在4000r/min下离心分离3min,用分光光度计测试不同催化时间下酸性品红溶液的吸光度并换算成浓度,以表征降解效果,结果如图1所示。由图1可见,本发明所制备试样在氙灯照射下对酸性品红具有较好的降解效果。实施例3在60min内降解率达到92%左右。
本发明还对实施例3制备过程中各步骤试样的XRD图谱进行了测试研究,结果如图2所示。图中(a)为上述步骤(2)所制得的CeO2的XRD谱图,(b)为步骤(5)所制备试样CeO2/Bi2WO6/MgAl-LDH的XRD谱图。图2(a)中的衍射峰均可归属为CeO2,未见其他杂峰,表明用木棉模板合成了较纯的CeO2,且各衍射峰形状较尖锐,表明CeO2结晶较好。图2(b)中,MgAl-LDH的衍射峰半高宽较大,表明MgAl-LDH片尺寸较小。此外,对照MgAl-LDH(006)、(018)晶面的衍射峰所对应的衍射卡片可知,实施例3中的MgAl-LDH的结构式为[Mg6Al2(OH)16]CO3·4H2O。此外,经核对衍射卡片,证实含有Bi2WO6和CeO2。由于这两种物质衍射峰非常相似,故该两相的存在,除XRD结果外,尚需结合TEM、SEM和EDS结果加以证实。
本发明研究了本实施例3制备过程中各步骤试样的SEM照片,结果如图3所示,图3中(a)-(b)为木棉模板及步骤(2)所制备的CeO2的SEM照片,(c)为CeO2的EDS能谱;(d)-(e)为步骤(5)所制备试样CeO2/Bi2WO6/MgAl-LDH的高低倍SEM照片;(f)为对应的EDS能谱。由图a可见,木棉具有独特的纤维形貌,纤维直径为10~20μm。以木棉为模板合成的CeO2保留的木棉的纤维形貌,由于CeO2晶粒尺寸为纳米级,其微观结构细节可通过TEM加以观察(图4a)。图3c-f为实施例3最终样品的SEM照片和EDS谱图。由图可见,试样保留了木棉纤维的宏观形貌,由于模板的脱除,最终样品的纤维直径比木棉模板略有减少,大约为10μm左右。单根纤维上生长有层片状的物质,结合XRD、EDS及TEM结果可知,直径为1μm左右的层片为Bi2WO6,直径为300nm的层片为MgAl-LDH,颗粒状的物质为CeO2。由图3e可以看出,Bi2WO6和MgAl-LDH纳均为层片结构,且二者交叠穿插生长。
本发明中实施例3制备过程中各步骤所得试样的TEM照片结果如图4所示。图4中(a)为步骤(2)所制得的CeO2的TEM照片,(b)为上述步骤(5)所制得试样CeO2/Bi2WO6/MgAl-LDH的TEM照片。由图4a可见,CeO2的晶粒尺寸较为均匀,晶粒尺寸为60~100nm,图4b进一步揭示了实施例3试样中Bi2WO6及MgAl-LDH均为厚度小于100nm的纳米片。
Claims (8)
1.一种CeO2/Bi2WO6/MgAl-LDH复合光催化剂,其特征在于,其以木棉为模板,微观上单根纤维是由CeO2纳米颗粒、Bi2WO6纳米片、MgAl-LDH纳米片组成;所述Bi2WO6和MgAl-LDH均为层片状结构,两者交叠穿插生长。
2.一种权利要求1所述的CeO2/Bi2WO6/MgAl-LDH复合光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,它包括以下步骤:
(1)木棉的预处理:取适量木棉与20wt%的NaOH按一定比例混合,室温下静止一段时间,过滤干燥;
(2)以木棉为模板制备CeO2:取适量预处理后的木棉,浸泡到一定浓度的硝酸铈-乙醇溶液中,静置;取出浸渍后的木棉80℃烘干,最后经马弗炉500℃煅烧0.5h,制得CeO2;
(3)取一定量的硝酸铝、硫酸镁及尿素混合后溶于60mL的蒸馏水中,加入适量步骤(2)中制得的CeO2,经磁力搅拌20min后装入100mL的反应釜,在恒温箱中于160℃保温16h,待冷却后过滤洗涤烘干,制得CeO2/MgAl-LDH;
(4)取适量硝酸铋溶解到2.5mL20wt%的硝酸溶液中,配得溶液A;取适量钨酸钠溶解到20mL的乙二醇中,配得溶液B;将溶液B倒入溶液A中,磁力搅拌1h后得到均匀溶液,随后用浓度为0.1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液调节pH值至7.5;
(5)在上述溶液中加入由步骤(3)制得的CeO2/MgAl-LDH,磁力搅拌20min后装入100mL的反应釜进行溶剂热反应,待冷却后过滤洗涤烘干即得最终样品。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中木棉与NaOH的质量体积比为1:20,混合后的静止时间为24h。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中硝酸铈-乙醇溶液的浓度为0.5mol/L,静置时间为8h。
5.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中硝酸铝、硫酸镁、尿素的量分别为0.5mmol、1.5mmol、1.5mmol,CeO2的加入量为2g。
6.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)中硝酸铋的加入量为5mmol,钨酸钠的加入量为2.5mmol。
7.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(5)中溶剂热反应温度为150~190oC,保温时间为5h。
8.一种权利要求1所述的复合光催化剂在处理染料废水中的应用,其特征在于,使用时在氙灯照射下对酸性品红进行降解处理。
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