CN105636602A - 妥尔油脂肪酸用于结合毒素的用途 - Google Patents
妥尔油脂肪酸用于结合毒素的用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及妥尔油脂肪酸和/或通过皂化而被改性的妥尔油脂肪酸用于结合毒素的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及妥尔油脂肪酸和/或通过皂化而被改性的妥尔油脂肪酸用于结合毒素的用途。
背景技术
毒素是在活细胞或有机体内产生的有毒物质。诸如霉菌毒素(mycotoxin)的毒素是一群化学上易变的真菌次级代谢产物，其甚至在没有任何可见的真菌生长的情况下也可以在谷物和其它饲料中发现。储存过程中的高温和空气潮湿增加真菌生长的可能性，但霉菌毒素污染也可能在田地里就已发生。谷物或青贮饲料可见的外观或气味不能表示出霉菌毒素污染的存在或不存在。诸如霉菌毒素的毒素对农场动物的影响是多种多样的，其可以是增加死亡率至降低繁殖力和行为能力。霉菌毒素还可能扰乱动物的免疫系统，使它们更易患病。
由于霉菌毒素的化学易变性，即使是针对最常见的霉菌毒素对所有饲养场进行分析也是十分昂贵的。因此常常使用霉菌毒素吸附剂来为抵抗饲料中霉菌毒素污染提供额外的保障。霉菌毒素吸附剂是其自身不被动物消化或吸收的物质。人们认为它们在通过消化道时与毒素结合。因此，毒素不被动物吸收，而是最终通过粪便排出。
毒素结合剂也可以吸附其它类型的毒素，例如来自消化道的细菌毒素或植物的次级代谢产物。活性炭(木炭)，其是具有多孔微结构的细微粒状粉末，是一种有效的毒素结合剂。它是在多种中毒情况中一种受推荐的普遍的毒素结合剂。然而，木炭还结合维生素和矿物质，这使得它不适于在饲料中连续使用。硅酸盐粘土也用作饲料中的吸附剂。
作为克拉夫特(Kraft)木浆制造法的副产物而得到的粗妥尔油的分馏产生蒸馏的妥尔油(DTO)，其通常包括大于10％的树脂酸和小于90％的脂肪酸。蒸馏的妥尔油的进一步精制产生妥尔油脂肪酸(TOFA)，其可提供为具有不同的脂肪酸和树脂酸含量的多种组合物。因为TOFA是脂肪酸的廉价来源，它先前已用于动物营养品中作为能量来源。例如，GB955316公开了妥尔油脂肪酸的碱金属盐在改善反刍动物的体重增加和氮贮留中的用途。
发明内容
本发明的目的
本发明的目的是提供一种新型的吸附剂用于结合毒素的用途。
根据本发明的妥尔油脂肪酸和/或通过皂化而被改性的妥尔油脂肪酸的用途的特征在于权利要求1中所提供的内容。
附图说明
图1a：通过经皂化的TOFA从水性介质中减少游离的赭曲霉素A。
图1b：通过经皂化的TOFA从水性介质中减少游离的玉米烯酮。
图2a：响应于经皂化的TOFA，大鼠肠道组织中赭曲霉素A的相对量。
图2b：响应于经皂化的TOFA，大鼠肠道组织中玉米烯酮的相对量。
具体实施方式
本发明基于认识到妥尔油脂肪酸和经改性的妥尔油脂肪酸可用于结合毒素。
术语“妥尔油脂肪酸”或“TOFA”应理解为是指由粗妥尔油的蒸馏以及蒸馏的妥尔油的进一步精制而得到的组合物。TOFA或通过皂化而被改性的TOFA通常包括90％-98％(w/w)的脂肪酸。进一步，TOFA或通过皂化而被改性的TOFA可包括1％-10％(w/w)的树脂酸。
已知树脂酸具有抗微生物性，包括抗菌性。本发明的发明人已经发现TOFA的树脂酸是不可吸收的，而且它们具有结合毒素的潜力。
在本文中，术语“毒素”应理解为是指在活细胞或有机体内产生的任何有毒物质。毒素是植物、动物、微生物的产物，例如细菌、病毒、真菌、立克次体属、原生动物等。在本文中，术语“霉菌毒素”应理解为是指由诸如酵母和霉菌的真菌所产生的有毒次级代谢产物。在谷物或青贮饲料中最常见的霉菌毒素是例如黄曲霉毒素、玉米烯酮、赭曲霉毒A、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、伏马菌素和T-2毒素。毒素会因环境因素而变化。
在本文中，术语“动物”应理解为是指所有不同种类的动物，例如单胃动物、反刍动物、毛皮动物、宠物和水产养殖动物。不同动物(包括幼崽)的非限制性实例是奶牛、肉牛、猪、家禽、绵羊、山羊、马、狐狸、狗、猫和鱼。
在本发明的一个实施方式中，通过皂化而被改性的妥尔油脂肪酸包括1％-10％(w/w)的树脂酸。
在本发明的一个实施方式中，通过皂化而被改性的妥尔油脂肪酸包括2％-9％(w/w)的树脂酸。
在本发明的一个实施方式中，通过皂化而被改性的妥尔油脂肪酸包括5％-9％(w/w)的树脂酸。
在本发明的一个实施方式中，妥尔油脂肪酸包括1％-10％(w/w)的树脂酸。
在本发明的一个实施方式中，妥尔油脂肪酸包括2％-9％(w/w)的树脂酸。
在本发明的一个实施方式中，妥尔油脂肪酸包括5％-9％(w/w)的树脂酸。
在本文中，术语“树脂酸”应理解为是指妥尔油所包括的多种酸性化合物的复合混合物，其中，这些酸性化合物都具有相同的包括三稠合环的基本骨架。TOFA中存在的树脂酸的确切组成随着例如获得TOFA的树的种类以及生产TOFA的加工条件而变化。树脂酸通常包括诸如松香酸、脱氢松香酸、左旋海松酸、新松香酸、海松酸和异海松酸的化合物，上述仅提及几种。
在本发明的一个实施方式中，通过皂化而被改性的妥尔油脂肪酸包括90％-98％(w/w)的脂肪酸。
在本发明的一个实施方式中，妥尔油脂肪酸包括90％-98％(w/w)的脂肪酸。
使用例如NaOH或CaOH使TOFA皂化的各种方法是本领域技术人员所熟知的。
在本发明的一个实施方式中，通过皂化而被改性的TOFA(TOFA皂)是经干燥的。经改性的TOFA可通过喷雾干燥、滚筒干燥或通过其它任何已知的合适的干燥方法进行干燥。
妥尔油脂肪酸或通过皂化而被改性的妥尔油脂肪酸可用作有效结合毒素的饲料添加剂。
在本发明的一个实施方式中，通过皂化而被改性的妥尔油脂肪酸与硅酸盐载体一起使用。
在本文中，术语“饲料添加剂”应理解为是指在喂养动物过程中可添加到饲料中或可直接使用的组合物。饲料添加剂可包括不同的活性成分。饲料添加剂可以每吨饲料总量干重0.1-5千克，优选每吨饲料总量干重0.2-3千克，最优选每吨饲料总量干重0.5-2千克的浓度添加。根据本发明的TOFA或通过皂化而被改性的TOFA或包括上述TOFA或通过皂化而被改性的TOFA的饲料添加剂可直接添加到饲料或饲料添加剂中，或者一般来讲可根据需要进行进一步加工。进一步，其可添加到饲料或饲料添加剂中，或者可单独给动物服用(即不作为任何饲料组合物的一部分)。
在本文中，术语“饲料组合物”或“饲料”应理解为是指动物膳食的总饲料组合物或其一部分，包括例如补充饲料、预混合料以及其它饲料组合物。饲料可包括不同的活性成分。
在本发明的一个实施方式中，饲料添加剂包括吸附到适于用作饲料组合物的载体材料例如甜菜渣中的通过皂化而被改性的TOFA。
在本发明的一个实施方式中，饲料添加剂包括吸附到适于用作饲料组合物的载体材料例如甜菜渣中的TOFA。
在本发明的一个实施方式中，饲料添加剂包括经干燥的通过皂化而被改性的TOFA。
以饲料总量干重计，饲料组合物可以以0.01％-0.5％(w/w)，优选0.02％-0.3％(w/w)，最优选0.05％-0.2％(w/w)的量包括通过皂化而被改性的TOFA或含有通过皂化而被改性的TOFA的饲料添加剂。
在本发明的一个实施方式中，以饲料总量干重计，饲料组合物以0.01％-0.5％(w/w)，优选0.02％-0.3％(w/w)，最优选0.05％-0.2％(w/w)的量包括TOFA或含有TOFA的饲料添加剂。
根据本发明的经改性的妥尔油脂肪酸是通过皂化生产的。该方法包括将碱添加到水性TOFA溶液中和加热该混合物的步骤。在加热步骤期间搅拌混合物。将混合物加热至80℃-120℃，优选85℃-95℃，持续1-3小时，优选持续2小时。
适用于皂化的任何碱，例如碱金属氢氧化物，都可用作上述碱。通常，使用的碱是氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾。
在本发明的一个实施方式中，用于生产改性的妥尔油脂肪酸的方法还包括干燥步骤。干燥可通过喷雾干燥、滚筒干燥或通过其它任何已知的干燥方法进行。
在本发明的一个实施方式中，将通过皂化而被改性的TOFA以有效量给动物服用。
在本发明的一个实施方式中，将TOFA以有效量给动物服用。
本发明具有许多优点。TOFA是容易获得的、天然的、低成本和环境友好的材料。进一步，它是无毒和良好耐受的。本发明对毒素的吸附是有效的。随之，本发明的其它益处是例如改善动物健康和产量。
本发明的上述实施方式可以彼此任意组合的方式使用。若干实施方式可以组合在一起而形成本发明进一步的实施方式。本发明涉及的产品、方法或用途可包括至少一个上述本发明的实施方式。
实施例
下面将对本发明进行更详细的描述。
实施例1
试验A：在体外毒素吸附到固相
在该试验中测试了试验产品从水性介质中去除毒素的能力。有效的毒素吸附剂应能够结合在消化道所有隔室中的毒素，以抑制毒素被动物吸收。为了评估在酸性的胃中结合剂的效力，试验在pH值2.5(50mM甘氨酸-HCl缓冲液)下进行。
试验产品是包含8.5％树脂酸的经皂化的妥尔油脂肪酸(TOFA)产品。经皂化的TOFA通过下述方法制备：将140毫克NaOH(氢氧化钠)添加到1克TOFA中，添加足够的水以将混合物的总干物质(TOFA)百分比调节为18％-20％，将该混合物加热至+90℃，将温度保持在+90℃持续120分钟，在此期间每隔15分钟缓慢搅拌该混合物。试验产品是具有或没有硅酸盐载体的经皂化的TOFA(8.5％)。
试验A以三个试验物质含量0.5、1和2千克/吨，在pH值2.5下，用两种毒素赭曲霉素A(OTA)和玉米烯酮(ZEA)进行，并且每个处理重复4个样品。对照处理重复8次。
霉菌毒素OTA和ZEA使用3H标记的纯化合物，并且使用通过液体闪烁计数法测定的放射性来确定它们在样品中的数量。
实验在硅烷化的玻璃小瓶中在1ml体积的缓冲液中进行。在试验体系中，通过与潜在的结合剂的不溶性成分共同粒化，已结合的放射性毒素从液相中去除。使用以下步骤：1、称量试验产品放入小瓶中；2、将3H标记且完好无损的霉菌毒素与缓冲液混合以获得最终毒素浓度10μg/l；3、将1ml缓冲液-霉菌毒素溶液添加到小瓶中；4、将小瓶密封，并在恒定缓慢摇动中保持在37℃下2小时；5、以3000xg使小瓶离心10分钟；6、将50μl上清液与150μl液体闪烁液(Optiphase)混合到96孔微量滴定板的孔中；以及7、用液体闪烁计数器测量样品的放射性5分钟。
结果
结果示于图1a和1b中。经皂化的TOFA能够统计学上显著地结合水性介质中的OTA，并且上述结合取决于试验产品(图1a)的浓度。经皂化的TOFA从介质中吸附游离OTA的25％-60％。
经皂化的TOFA即使在最低剂量时也显著降低游离ZEA的量(P<0.001；图1b)。经皂化的TOFA去除游离毒素的约30％-60％。
在一些情况下，将硅酸盐载体添加到经皂化的TOFA的组合中是有益的，以增加该产品组合对于其是有效的毒素的范围。
实施例2
试验B：离体抑制毒素摄入
该试验研究了经皂化的TOFA抑制毒素赭曲霉素A(OTA)和玉米烯酮(ZEA)摄入到离体的大鼠活肠组织的能力。
按照实施例1中描述的方法制备包含8.5％树脂酸的经皂化的TOFA。对具有硅酸盐载体的经皂化的TOFA进行试验。
试验B以两个试验物质含量1和2千克/吨，用两种毒素赭曲霉素A(OTA)和玉米烯酮(ZEA)进行，并且每个处理重复3个样品。对照处理重复6次。
在实验之前大鼠未暴露于霉菌毒素。
对于霉菌毒素，试验以如下方法进行：1、将安乐死大鼠的回肠立即取出、打开、清空，并用生理缓冲盐水溶液(128mMNaCl，4.7mMKCl，2.5mMCaCl2，1.2mMKH2PO4，2.6mMMgSO4，2.0mMNaHCO3，pH7.3)冲洗；2、将回肠横切成2mm的切片，并保存在盐水溶液中直至孵育。去除淋巴集结；3、将切片浸渍在补充有放射性标记的霉菌毒素(10μg/l)的同样的基础盐水溶液中，上述盐水溶液含有或不含有经皂化的TOFA；4、在室温下孵育5分钟后，用没有毒素或试验物质的同样的盐水溶液快速(2-3秒)冲洗切片；5、去除过量的盐水；6、将切片放置在预称重的3ml液体闪烁小瓶中，并再次称重以计算它们的质量；7、添加0.25ml组织溶剂以在室温下过夜溶解组织切片；8、在切片完全溶解于增溶剂中后，将2.5ml液体闪烁液添加到小瓶中；9、用液体闪烁计数器计算切片的放射性；以及10、将各处理中每单位质量的放射性与对照处理进行比较。
结果
结果示于图2a和图2b中。结果表示为与没有结合剂的对照处理的相对关系。处理值小于100％表明试验产品抑制了毒素的摄入。经皂化的TOFA降低了OTA的摄入(对于1千克/吨的处理P<0.05)(图2a)。经皂化的TOFA剂量依赖性地降低了ZEA的摄入(对于2千克/吨的处理P<0.01)(图2b)。这些结果表明，经皂化的TOFA在活肠组织存在的离体模型中是有效的毒素结合试剂。
对于本领域技术人员来讲显而易见的是，随着技术的进步，本发明的基本思想可以以多种方式实施。因此，本发明及其实施方式不限于上述实施例，而是它们可以在权利要求书的范围内变化。
Claims (9)
1.妥尔油脂肪酸和/或通过皂化而被改性的妥尔油脂肪酸用于结合毒素的用途。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途，其特征在于，使用通过皂化而被改性的妥尔油脂肪酸。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用途，其特征在于，使用妥尔油脂肪酸。
4.根据前述权利要求1至3中任一项所述的用途，其特征在于，所述毒素是霉菌毒素。
5.根据前述权利要求1至4中任一项所述的用途，其特征在于，所述通过皂化而被改性的妥尔油脂肪酸包括1％-10％(w/w)的树脂酸。
6.根据前述权利要求1至5中任一项所述的用途，其特征在于，所述通过皂化而被改性的妥尔油脂肪酸包括2％-9％(w/w)的树脂酸。
7.根据前述权利要求1至6中任一项所述的用途，其特征在于，所述通过皂化而被改性的妥尔油脂肪酸包括5％-9％(w/w)的树脂酸。
8.根据前述权利要求1至7中任一项所述的用途，其特征在于，所述通过皂化而被改性的妥尔油脂肪酸包括91％-98％(w/w)的脂肪酸。
9.根据前述权利要求1至8中任一项所述的用途，其特征在于，所述通过皂化而被改性的妥尔油脂肪酸是经干燥的。
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| FI124101B (en) | 2012-05-14 | 2014-03-14 | Hankkija Maatalous Oy | Modified tall oil fatty acid |
| FI124918B (fi) | 2013-05-14 | 2015-03-31 | Hankkija Maatalous Oy | Mäntyöljyrasvahappo |
| HUE050907T2 (hu) | 2013-11-13 | 2021-01-28 | Hankkija Oy | Gyantasavakat tartalmazó takarmány-kiegészítõ |
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| CN109943410B (zh) * | 2017-12-21 | 2022-05-31 | 丰益(上海)生物技术研发中心有限公司 | 降低油脂中的玉米赤霉烯酮中的方法 |
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- 2014-10-16 EA EA201690856A patent/EA028389B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2014-10-16 EP EP14856137.6A patent/EP3060227B1/en active Active
- 2014-10-16 CN CN201480056406.XA patent/CN105636602A/zh active Pending
- 2014-10-16 CA CA2923840A patent/CA2923840A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-10-16 WO PCT/FI2014/050783 patent/WO2015059350A1/en active Application Filing
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- 2014-10-16 BR BR112016006181A patent/BR112016006181A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116367724A (zh) * | 2020-10-30 | 2023-06-30 | 创新绿色解决方案瑞典有限公司 | 基于皂化妥尔油的杀虫组合物以及用于生产其的方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2923840A1 (en) | 2015-04-30 |
| EP3060227A1 (en) | 2016-08-31 |
| US9962353B2 (en) | 2018-05-08 |
| WO2015059350A1 (en) | 2015-04-30 |
| US20160250171A1 (en) | 2016-09-01 |
| EA028389B1 (ru) | 2017-11-30 |
| MX365319B (es) | 2019-05-29 |
| FI125051B (fi) | 2015-05-15 |
| MX2016005298A (es) | 2016-08-11 |
| EA201690856A1 (ru) | 2016-10-31 |
| EP3060227B1 (en) | 2018-05-16 |
| EP3060227A4 (en) | 2017-05-03 |
| FI20136047A (fi) | 2015-04-25 |
| BR112016006181A2 (pt) | 2017-08-01 |
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