CN105624919B - 聚氟乙烯类聚合物图案化薄膜的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种聚氟乙烯类聚合物图案化薄膜的制备方法,先将聚氟乙烯类聚合物加到N,N‑二甲基甲酰胺中,加热搅拌至溶液呈澄清透明状,将所得溶液通过静电纺丝,制备出超细纳米纤维,然后将该超细纳米纤维组成的薄膜进行退火处理,即得到聚氟乙烯类聚合物图案化薄膜。本发明所得的聚氟乙烯类聚合物图案化薄膜具有低粗糙度和高比表面积,且包含有序的二级纤维纳米微结构。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于功能高分子材料技术领域,具体涉及一种聚氟乙烯类聚合物图案化薄膜的制备方法。
背景技术
聚氟乙烯类聚合物具有优良的化学稳定性、耐候性、耐磨性、抗疲劳和防蠕变性,且机械强度高,易加工,所以被广泛制成薄膜、涂层和塑料应用于建筑、储存、运输等领域。此外,这类聚合物还是高性能电活性材料,具有高的介电常数,卓越的压电、热释电和铁电性能,加上聚合物所特有的透明和柔性的特点,在传感器、转换器、充电电池、二极管和存储器等有机电子器件领域均有广泛应用。
同时,该类聚合物在应用中常以旋涂薄膜形式存在,但由于其易结晶的特点,很难旋涂出10nm左右的超薄薄膜,大部分的薄膜都偏厚且表面过于粗糙。另外,旋涂薄膜中的纳米微结构常常无序且聚集,这会影响器件内载流子的储存和传输,进而影响器件性能。很多研究者也将该类聚合物电纺成纳米纤维,但纤维的直径很难达到100nm以下,直径过高的纳米纤维会带来粗糙度高的问题,使得其难以集成于有机电子器件,而且粗纤维经退火处理后也很难形成明显的纳米尺度的微结构。
发明内容
解决的技术问题:本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足而提供一种聚氟乙烯类聚合物图案化薄膜的制备方法,所得薄膜具有低粗糙度和高比表面积,且包含有序的纳米尺度的微结构。
技术方案:
聚氟乙烯类聚合物图案化薄膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,将聚氟乙烯类聚合物加到N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,加热搅拌至溶液呈澄清透明状,得到纺丝溶液;
步骤2,将步骤1所得纺丝溶液通过静电纺丝,制得超细纳米纤维,其中,所述超细纳米纤维的直径为1~50nm;
步骤3,将步骤2所得超细纳米纤维构成的薄膜进行退火处理,即得到聚氟乙烯类聚合物图案化薄膜。
进一步地,所述聚氟乙烯类聚合物为聚氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、聚偏三氟乙烯或偏氟乙烯和三氟乙烯的共聚物中的一种。
进一步地,步骤1的纺丝液中聚氟乙烯类聚合物的浓度为20~80mg/mL。
进一步地,步骤2中静电纺丝的具体参数为:箱内温度30~50℃,湿度10~50%RH,正高压15~25KV,负高压-100~-1000V,接收距离10~20cm,推进速度0.0005~0.002mm/s。
进一步地,步骤2中静电纺丝的接收装置是一块旋转的圆盘,转速为1000~3000rpm。
进一步地,步骤3中退火处理的温度为130~150℃。
有益效果:
1.不需要使用助剂和混合溶剂就能电纺制备出聚氟乙烯类聚合物的超细纳米纤维,纳米纤维直径分布于1~50nm,平均直径约25nm;
2.聚氟乙烯类聚合物图案化薄膜具有低粗糙度和高比表面积,且包含有序的二级纤维纳米微结构。
附图说明
图1是实施例1使用的静电纺丝法的过程示意图;
图2是实施例1制备的聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维的扫描电子显微镜图;
图3是实施例1制备的聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维的直径分布直方图;
图4是实施例1制备的聚偏氟乙烯图案化薄膜的扫描电子显微镜图;
图5是实施例2制备的聚偏氟乙烯旋涂薄膜退火后的扫描电子显微镜图;
图6是实施例3制备的常规聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维退火后的扫描电子显微镜图。
具体实施方式
以下实施例进一步说明本发明的内容,但不应理解为对本发明的限制。在不背离本发明精神和实质的情况下,对本发明方法、步骤或条件所作的修改和替换,均属于本发明的范围。若未特别指明,实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段。
实施例1
称取一定量的聚偏氟乙烯粉末,按40mg/mL的浓度加入相应量的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,在50℃加热台上加热至聚偏氟乙烯完全溶解,再搅拌至溶液呈澄清透明状。将上述溶液吸入2mL的标准注射器中,静电纺丝过程如图1所示,注射器的前端连接上外径为0.6mm的平口不锈钢喷头,并接上19KV正高压,注射器在注射泵的作用下以0.0005mm/s的速度向前推进,挤出喷头的溶液带有大量正电荷,离开喷头束缚后因静电排斥而发生分裂,喷头正下方放置一个与之垂直的旋转飞盘,飞盘带-1000V的负高压,距喷头20cm,并以2000rpm的转速旋转。分裂的射流在负高压的吸引下向接收装置运动,溶剂在飞行过程中迅速挥发,溶液被不断拉伸最终固化形成超细纳米纤维,旋转的飞盘可以增强拉伸作用而进一步降低纳米纤维直径。电纺的环境温度约30℃,湿度约50%RH。
图2为聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维的扫描电子显微镜图,从图中可以看到聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维形貌光滑,纤维直径低于50nm,图3是统计得出的直径分布直方图,结果显示直径分布于15~35nm,平均直径为24.3nm。
接收纳米纤维前,先完成SiO2/Si片的清洗工作,将300nm氧化层的SiO2/Si片裁切成尺寸为1.5×1.5cm的方片,分别在丙酮、乙醇、超纯水中超声10分钟,然后用高压氮气吹干,再在120℃下干燥20分钟。将干净的SiO2/Si片粘贴在飞盘上,粘贴位置居于飞盘的外缘来增强拉伸作用,电纺开始后在SiO2/Si片表面直接承接纳米纤维。电纺结束后,取下SiO2/Si片,防止破坏片子及接收到的纤维,然后在130℃下退火2小时,除去纳米纤维内的残余溶剂,并完成纳米纤维膜的图案化过程。
图4为聚偏氟乙烯图案化薄膜的扫描电子显微镜图,从图中可以看到图案化薄膜的粗糙度低,且包含了有序的二级纤维纳米微结构,二级纤维的直径在5~10nm,这些微结构可以增大薄膜的比表面积。
实施例2
称取一定量的聚偏氟乙烯粉末,按40mg/mL的浓度加入相应量的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,在50℃加热台上加热至聚偏氟乙烯完全溶解,再搅拌至溶液呈澄清透明状。另外,将300nm氧化层的SiO2/Si片裁切成尺寸为1.5×1.5cm的方片,分别在丙酮、乙醇、超纯水中超声10分钟,用高压氮气吹干,再在120℃烘箱内放置20分钟使其完全干燥。然后在洗干净的基片上滴满上述聚偏氟乙烯溶液,先以500rpm的转速旋涂6s,再以3000rpm的转速旋涂30s得到聚偏氟乙烯薄膜,最后在130℃下退火2小时。
图5为聚偏氟乙烯旋涂薄膜退火后的扫描电子显微镜图,从图中可以看到旋涂薄膜退火后的图案化薄膜含有无序且聚集的纳米微结构,而且纳米微结构尺寸大,所得薄膜粗糙。
实施例3
称取一定量的聚偏氟乙烯粉末,按100mg/mL的浓度加入相应量的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,在50℃加热台上加热至聚偏氟乙烯完全溶解,再搅拌至溶液呈澄清透明状。另外,将300nm氧化层的SiO2/Si片裁切成尺寸为1.5×1.5cm的方片,分别在丙酮、乙醇、超纯水中超声10分钟,用高压氮气吹干,再在120℃烘箱内放置20分钟使其完全干燥。将上述溶液吸入2mL的标准注射器中进行静电纺丝,注射器的前端连接外径为0.6mm的不锈钢喷头,并接上19KV正高压,注射器以0.001mm/s的速度向前推进,喷头正下方有一水平放置的金属板,并放上洗干净的基片来接收纳米纤维,金属板带-1000V的负高压,距喷头18cm。接收完纳米纤维的基片在130℃下退火2小时。
图6是制备得到的常规纳米纤维退火后的扫描电子显微镜图,从图中可以看到用常规电纺条件制得的纳米纤维直径在100~200nm,退火后的一级纤维形貌未发生明显变化,更无二级纤维结构形成,而且纤维膜粗糙度高,难以应用于有机电子器件。
Claims (2)
1.聚氟乙烯类聚合物图案化薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
步骤1,将聚氟乙烯类聚合物加到N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,加热搅拌至溶液呈澄清透明状,得到纺丝溶液,纺丝溶液中聚氟乙烯类聚合物的浓度为20~80mg/mL;
步骤2,将步骤1所得纺丝溶液通过静电纺丝,制得超细纳米纤维,该超细纳米纤维的直径在15~35nm;
步骤3,将步骤2所得超细纳米纤维构成的薄膜进行退火处理,退火处理的温度为130~150℃,即得到聚氟乙烯类聚合物图案化薄膜;
所述聚氟乙烯类聚合物图案化薄膜包含有序的二级纤维纳米微结构,二级纤维的直径在5~10nm;
其中,步骤2中静电纺丝的具体参数为:箱内温度30~50℃,湿度10~50%RH,正高压15~25KV,负高压-100~-1000V,接收距离10~20cm,推进速度0.0005~0.002mm/s,静电纺丝的接收装置是一块旋转的圆盘,转速为1000~3000rpm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚氟乙烯类聚合物图案化薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述聚氟乙烯类聚合物为聚氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、聚偏三氟乙烯或偏氟乙烯和三氟乙烯的共聚物中的一种。
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