CN105609547B - 半导体到金属的过渡 - Google Patents

半导体到金属的过渡 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105609547B
CN105609547B CN201510774075.XA CN201510774075A CN105609547B CN 105609547 B CN105609547 B CN 105609547B CN 201510774075 A CN201510774075 A CN 201510774075A CN 105609547 B CN105609547 B CN 105609547B
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contact
zone
electric charge
semiconductor
charge carrier
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CN105609547A (zh
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A.赫特尔
F.希勒
F.J.桑托斯罗德里格斯
D.施勒格尔
A.R.施特格纳
C.魏斯
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Infineon Technologies AG
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Infineon Technologies AG
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  • Electrodes Of Semiconductors (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及半导体到金属的过渡。提出了一种半导体器件(1)。半导体器件(1)包括扩散阻挡层(11)、具有第一导电类型的第一电荷载流子的第一半导体区(12)和具有第二电荷载流子的第二半导体区(13)。第一半导体区(12)包含:与第二半导体区(13)接触的过渡区(123),过渡区(123)具有第一浓度的第一电荷载流子;与扩散阻挡层(11)接触的接触区(121),接触区(121)具有第二浓度的第一电荷载流子,其中,第二浓度高于第一浓度;在接触区(121)和过渡区(123)之间的损伤区(122),损伤区(122)被配置用于与接触区(121)和过渡区(123)的第一电荷载流子的寿命和/或迁移率相比,降低损伤区(122)的第一电荷载流子的寿命和/或迁移率。

Description

半导体到金属的过渡
技术领域
本说明书涉及半导体器件的实施例并且涉及半导体部件到金属接触过渡的实施例,例如二极管、IGBT、MOSFET等的实施例以及涉及制造这样的产品的方法的实施例。具体地,本说明书涉及低电阻半导体部件到金属接触过渡的实施例并且涉及包括这样的低电阻半导体到金属接触过渡的半导体器件的实施例以及涉及制造这样的产品的方法的实施例。
背景技术
汽车、消费者和工业应用中的现代装置的许多功能(诸如转换电能以及驱动电动机或电机)依赖于半导体器件。例如,绝缘栅双极晶体管(IGBT)和金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)和二极管已经用于各种应用,包含但不限于电源和功率转换器中的开关。
用在功率电子设备中的许多这样的半导体器件是二极管或包括二极管结构,诸如反向导通IGBT的二极管结构或MOSFET的内置体二极管。
通常,这样的二极管结构的阳极具有相对低的掺杂水平,即将发射极效率保持低,以便以有利于动态开关特性(诸如软恢复)的方式形成电荷载流子浓度。同时,有时期望确保阳极和例如正面金属化部之间的低欧姆接触,在给定阳极的低掺杂水平的情况下,这通常是有挑战的。
发明内容
根据实施例,提供了一种半导体器件。所述半导体器件包括扩散阻挡层、具有第一导电类型的第一电荷载流子的第一半导体区和具有第二电荷载流子的第二半导体区。所述第一半导体区包含:与所述第二半导体区接触的过渡区,所述过渡区具有第一浓度的所述第一电荷载流子。所述第一半导体区进一步包含与所述扩散阻挡层接触的接触区,所述接触区具有第二浓度的所述第一电荷载流子,其中,所述第二浓度高于所述第一浓度。所述第一半导体区还包含在所述接触区和所述过渡区之间的损伤区,所述损伤区被配置用于与所述接触区和所述过渡区的第一电荷载流子的寿命和/或迁移率相比,降低所述损伤区的第一电荷载流子的寿命和/或迁移率。
根据进一步实施例,提供了半导体部件到金属接触的过渡。所述金属接触包括扩散阻挡层和金属化层,所述金属化层与所述扩散阻挡层接触,并被配置用于通过外接触部接触。所述金属化层被进一步配置用于经由所述外接触部接收负载电流,并将所接收的负载电流馈送到所述扩散阻挡层中。所述半导体部件包括:第一半导体区,具有第一导电类型的第一电荷载流子;以及第二半导体区,具有第二电荷载流子。所述第一半导体区包含与所述第二半导体区接触的过渡区,所述过渡区具有第一浓度的第一电荷载流子。所述第一半导体区还包含与所述扩散阻挡层接触的接触区,所述接触区具有第二浓度的所述第一电荷载流子,其中,所述第二浓度高于所述第一浓度。所述第一半导体区进一步包含在所述接触区和所述过渡区之间的损伤区,所述损伤区被配置用于与所述接触区和所述过渡区的第一电荷载流子的寿命和/或迁移率相比,降低所述损伤区的第一电荷载流子的寿命和/或迁移率。
根据又进一步的实施例,提出了一种制造半导体器件的方法。所述方法包括提供具有第一导电类型的第一电荷载流子的第一半导体区和具有第二电荷载流子的第二半导体区,其中,所述第一半导体区包括与所述第二半导体区接触的过渡区,所述过渡区具有第一浓度的第一电荷载流子。所述方法进一步包括在所述第一半导体区中创建接触区,所述接触区具有比第一浓度高的第二浓度的第一电荷载流子。所述方法还包括在所述第一半导体区中创建损伤区,使得所述损伤区被配置用于与所述接触区和所述过渡区的第一电荷载流子的寿命和/或迁移率相比,降低所述损伤区的第一电荷载流子的寿命和/或迁移率。另外,所述方法包括在所述第一半导体区上沉积扩散阻挡层,使得所述扩散阻挡层与所述接触区接触。
进一步实施例的特征在从属权利要求中限定。进一步实施例的特征和上文描述的实施例的特征可以彼此结合,形成附加的实施例,只要所述特征不被明确描述为是彼此的替代方案。
本领域技术人员在阅读下文的详细描述并在查看附图时将认识到附加的特征和优点。
附图说明
附图中的部分不一定是成比例的,而是重点放在图示本发明的原理。而且,在附图中,相同的附图标记指定对应的部分。在附图中:
图1示意性图示根据一个或多个实施例的半导体器件的垂直横截面的区段;
图2示意性图示根据一个或多个实施例的半导体部件到金属接触过渡的垂直横截面的区段;
图3示意性图示根据一个或多个实施例的施主、受主和损伤的示例性浓度;
图4示意性图示根据一个或多个实施例制造半导体器件的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
用在功率电子设备中的许多功率半导体器件是二极管或包括二极管结构,诸如反向导通IGBT的二极管结构或MOSFET的内置体二极管。通常,这样的二极管结构的阳极具有相对低的掺杂水平,即将发射极效率保持低,以便以有利于动态开关特性(诸如软恢复)的方式形成电荷载流子浓度。同时,有时期望确保阳极和例如正面金属化部之间的低欧姆接触,在给定阳极的低掺杂水平的情况下,这通常是有挑战的。
例如,在低掺杂阳极和接触金属之间创建低欧姆接触的问题可以通过使用适当的接触金属材料来解决。为此,作为接触金属的铝提供相对低的肖特基势垒,并且此外,铝自身具有p型掺杂效应,从而导致与p掺杂硅有相对低的欧姆接触。
然而,偶尔地接触金属材料的选择可能受限,因为可能需要金属化部和半导体之间存在扩散阻挡层。例如,在也被称为“功率铜”的铜金属化部的情况下,可以采用钨(W)或钛钨(TiW)用于扩散阻挡层。通常,这些材料不提供与低掺杂硅阳极的低欧姆接触。
为了降低p掺杂硅阳极和金属化部之间的接触电阻(其可以包括例如扩散阻挡层),可以插入例如铂硅化物(PtSi)的中间层。然而,在与制造工艺链中的其它步骤的兼容性方面,例如由于铂交叉污染的风险,这有实际的缺点。
作为用于在p掺杂硅阳极和金属化部之间生成低欧姆接触的另一种选择,可以为整个阳极区或者替代地仅在靠近与金属化部接触的半导体表面的窄接触区中提供高p掺杂剂水平。这具有下述缺点:高p掺杂剂水平引起高发射极效率,从而导致较高的开关损耗和阶跃(snappy)开关特性。克服这样的缺点可能是所期望的。
在下文中,参照形成下文的一部分的附图,并且在附图中通过图示的方式示出其中可以实践本发明的特定实施例。
在这方面,方向术语,诸如“顶”、“底”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“背”、“首”、“尾”等可以参照被描述的附图的取向使用。因为实施例的部件能以多种不同取向定位,所以方向术语用于图示的目的并且绝不是限制性的。要理解的是,可以利用其它实施例并且可以做出结构或逻辑的改变,而不偏离本发明的范围。因此,下文的详细描述不是以限制性意义进行理解,并且本发明的范围由所附权利要求所限定。
现在将详细地参考各实施例,在附图中图示该实施例的一个或多个示例。每个示例通过解释的方式来提供,并且不意味着作为对本发明的限制。例如,作为一个实施例的一部分图示或描述的特征可以在其它实施例上或与其它实施例结合使用以产生又进一步的实施例。旨在本发明包含这样的修改和变化。使用特定语言描述这些示例,这不应当被解释为限制所附权利要求的范围。图不是成比例的,并且仅出于图示目的。为了清楚起见,如果没有另外声明,则相同元件或制造步骤在不同的图中由相同标记来指定。
如本说明书中使用的术语“水平的”旨在描述基本上平行于半导体衬底或半导体接触区的水平表面的取向。
如本说明书中使用的术语“垂直的”旨在描述基本上垂直于水平表面设置的取向,即平行于半导体衬底或半导体接触区的表面的法线方向。
在本说明书中,p掺杂可以指代所述第一导电类型,而n掺杂可以指代所述第二导电类型。替代地,下文呈现的半导体器件的实施例可以用相反掺杂关系形成,使得第一导电类型可以是n掺杂的,并且第二导电类型可以是p掺杂的。例如,第一电荷载流子可以是空穴,并且第二电荷载流子可以是电子。在其它实施例中,第一电荷载流子和第二电荷载流子可以都是电子。此外,其它变化是可能的。例如,下文呈现的第一半导体区12中包含的第一电荷载流子可以由受主形成,并且下文呈现的第二半导体区13中包含的第二电荷载流子可以由施主形成。在其它实施例中,第一电荷载流子和第二电荷载流子两者可以由施主形成,或者在又进一步实施例中,第一电荷载流子和第二电荷载流子两者可以由受主形成。这同样适用于下文呈现的半导体部件的实施例。
在本说明书的上下文中,术语“处于欧姆接触”、“处于电接触”、“处于欧姆连接”和“电连接”旨在描述半导体器件的两个区、区段、部分或部件之间或一个或多个器件的不同端子之间或半导体器件的端子或金属化部或电极和部分或部件之间存在低欧姆电连接或低欧姆电流路径。这同样适用于下文呈现的半导体部件到金属接触过渡的实施例。此外,在本说明书的上下文中,术语“处于接触”旨在描述相应的半导体器件的两个元件之间存在直接物理连接/过渡(例如,相互接触的两个部件之间的过渡)不应当包含进一步中间元件等等。
在本说明书中描述的特定实施例属于而不限于具有二极管结构、IGBT结构、反向导通IGBT结构或MOSFET结构的单片集成的功率半导体器件。
如在本说明书中使用的术语“功率半导体器件”旨在描述单个芯片上的具有高电压阻断和开关和/或高电流承载和开关能力的半导体器件。换言之,功率半导体器件旨在用于高电流(典型地在安培范围,例如高至几百安培)和/或高电压(典型地超过200V,更典型地为600V和更高)。
图1示意性图示根据一个或多个实施例的半导体器件1的垂直横截面的区段。半导体器件1包括扩散阻挡层11、具有第一导电类型的第一电荷载流子的第一半导体区12和具有第二电荷载流子的第二半导体区13。
例如,扩散阻挡层11可以设置在铜金属化层(图1中未显示)和半导体区12之间,并被配置成防止铜(Cu)扩散到半导体区12中。扩散阻挡层11可以是金属层,并且可以由没有铜的金属或金属复合物制成。在实施例中,扩散阻挡层11可以包括钛(Ti)、钨(W)、钛钨(TiW)、氮化钛(TiN)、镍(Ni)、钽(Ta)、氮化钽(TaN)和钌(Ru)中的至少一种。
第二半导体区13的第二电荷载流子可以是与第一导电类型互补的第二导电类型的电荷载流子。例如,第一半导体区12形成p掺杂阳极结构。在另一实施例中,第一半导体区12可以形成IGBT的p基区或MOSFET的p体区。第二半导体区13可以形成半导体器件1的漂移区,例如n漂移区。
替代地,第二半导体区13的第二电荷载流子是第一导电类型的电荷载流子。例如,第一半导体区12形成二极管的n掺杂阴极区。替代地,第一半导体区12可以形成垂直反向导通IGBT的集电极侧上的n掺杂二极管区或MOSFET的n掺杂漏极区。第二半导体区13可以形成半导体器件1的漂移区,例如n漂移区。
第二半导体区13可以掺杂有第二半导体区掺杂材料,其中,第二半导体区掺杂材料建立所述第二电荷载流子的存在。例如,第二半导体区掺杂材料包括磷(P)、砷(As)和锑(Sb)中的至少一种。
第一半导体区12包含与第二半导体区13接触的过渡区123,其中,过渡区123呈现第一浓度的第一电荷载流子。例如,过渡区123和第二半导体区13之间的过渡形成pn结。在实施例中,过渡区123可以形成与第二半导体区13接触的p掺杂阳极区,如上文指示的那样,第二半导体区13可以形成n漂移区。与第二半导体区13接触的p掺杂阳极区可以在反向导通IGBT的二极管或二极管单元中实现。在另一应用中,过渡区123可以形成IGBT的p基区或MOSFET的p体区。
第一半导体区12进一步包含与扩散阻挡层11接触的接触区121,接触区121具有第二浓度的第一电荷载流子,其中,第二浓度高于第一浓度。
例如,接触区121掺杂有接触区掺杂材料,其中,接触区掺杂材料建立所述第一电荷载流子在接触区121中的存在。接触区掺杂材料可以包括硼(B)和磷(P)中的至少一种。例如,接触区121形成二极管的阳极的p+接触区、IGBT的p基区的p+接触区或MOSFET的p体区的p+接触区。在其它应用中,接触区121可以形成二极管的阴极的n+接触区、垂直反向导通IGBT的集电极侧的n掺杂二极管区的n+接触区或MOSFET的n掺杂漏极区的n+接触区。
过渡区123可以掺杂有与接触区121相同的接触区掺杂材料。可选地包含在过渡区123中的接触区掺杂材料建立所述第一电荷载流子在过渡区123中的存在。例如,过渡区123和接触区121两者可以掺杂有硼(B)和磷(P)中的至少一种。
为了建立与扩散阻挡层11的低欧姆接触,接触区121可以呈现相对高的p+型或n+型掺杂水平,即,相对高的第二浓度的第一电荷载流子。p+型或n+型掺杂可以基本上高于通常的接触区掺杂水平。
第一半导体区12还包含在接触区121和过渡区123之间的损伤区122。损伤区122可以在一侧上与接触区121接触,并且在相反侧上与过渡区接触。损伤区122被配置用于与接触区121和过渡区123的第一电荷载流子的寿命和/或迁移率相比,降低损伤区122的第一电荷载流子的寿命和/或迁移率。例如,损伤区在损伤区122的半导体晶格中包括多个晶格损伤,多个晶格损伤降低损伤区122的第一电荷载流子的寿命和/或迁移率。
结果,损伤区122可以削弱第一半导体区12的发射极效率,从而补偿例如接触区121的高p+掺杂水平。在示例性应用中,损伤区122可能削弱二极管阳极的发射极效率,从而补偿第一电荷载流子的相对高的第二浓度,例如二极管的接触区121的高p+型掺杂水平。因此,半导体器件1的开关特性不被高掺杂接触区121恶化。
损伤区122可以掺杂有损伤区掺杂材料。例如,损伤区掺杂材料包括锗(Ge)、硅(Si)、碳(C)、氦(He)、氖(Ne)、氩(Ar)、氙(Xe)和氪(Kr)中的至少一种。
在实施例中,损伤区掺杂材料可以不被激活。例如,受主和/或施主不是电激活的,例如是热退火的。由于未激活损伤掺杂材料,损伤区122可以实现其主要功能,即与相邻区(即接触区121和过渡区123)的第一电荷载流子的寿命和/或迁移率相比,降低损伤区122的第一电荷载流子的寿命和/或迁移率。
图2示意性图示根据一个或多个实施例的半导体部件4到金属接触3过渡的垂直横截面的区段。半导体部件4呈现与图1中图示的半导体器件的结构基本相同的结构。因此,关于半导体部件4的结构,可以参照上文。然而,半导体部件不包括所述扩散阻挡层11。而是,扩散阻挡层11是金属接触3的一部分。应该注意,半导体部件4的结构可以在诸如二极管、IGBT、反向导通IGBT、MOSFET等等之类的功率半导体器件内实现。
如图2图示的那样,金属接触3可以进一步包括金属化层31,金属化层31与扩散阻挡层11接触,并被配置用于通过外接触部32接触,其中,扩散阻挡层11设置在金属化层31和第一半导体区12之间。金属化层31被配置用于经由外接触部32接收负载电流,并将所接收的负载电流馈送到扩散阻挡层11中。例如,外接触部32包括至少一个焊接脚(bond foot)。半导体部件4可以被配置用于传导这样的负载电流。
金属化层31可以包括铜(Cu)、铝(Al)、铝铜(AlCu)、铝硅铜(AlSiCu)、钯(Pd)、钼(Mo)、镍(Ni)、镍磷(NiP)、银(Ag)和金(Au)中的至少一种。
半导体部件4包括具有第一导电类型的第一电荷载流子的所述第一半导体区12和具有第二电荷载流子的所述第二半导体区13。如已经关于图1详细阐述的那样,第一半导体区12包含与第二半导体区13接触的所述过渡区123,过渡区123具有第一浓度的第一电荷载流子。第一半导体区12进一步包含与金属接触3的扩散阻挡层11接触的所述接触区121,接触区121具有第二浓度的第一电荷载流子,其中,第二浓度高于第一浓度。第一半导体区12还包含在接触区121和过渡区123之间的损伤区122,损伤区122被配置用于与接触区121和过渡区123的第一电荷载流子的寿命和/或迁移率相比,降低损伤区122的第一电荷载流子的寿命和/或迁移率。关于半导体部件4的进一步可选方面,参照上述对半导体器件1的描述。
例如,为了产生金属接触3,不必包含额外的接触层,诸如基于Pt-Si的层或PtSi颗粒。因此,仍然可以可能通过除扩散Pt以外的其它手段(诸如通过Pt注入或电子辐照)调节第一和/或第二电荷载流子的寿命。
图3示意性图示沿连接图1和图2中所示的点A和A的虚线的示例性施主浓度ND、受主浓度NA和损伤浓度NDA
虚线A-A基本上平行于由图1中图示的半导体器件1或相应地由图2中图示的半导体部件4传导的负载电流的流动方向。换言之,虚线A-A垂直延伸到半导体器件1中,或者相应地延伸到半导体部件4中。例如,虚线A-A可以延伸到基本上垂直于接触区121的表面的方向。
应当指出,在图3图示的示例中,浓度对于半导体器件1的深度d或者相应地对于半导体部件4的深度d的图形表示基于双对数标度,其中,深度d在A点处总计为近似零,并且在点A处例如总计为大约10μm,诸如90μm。此外,应当指出,施主(ND)和受主(NA)的浓度可以用cm-3指示。而且,损伤浓度NDA可以用cm-3指示或者替代地用任意单位指示。
在图3中,受主浓度NA对于深度d可以指示第一半导体区12的延伸(实线),并且作为深度d的函数的施主浓度(ND)轮廓可以指示第二半导体区13的延伸(虚线)。
损伤区122的延伸可以通过损伤浓度(点划线)标记。损伤区122位于接触区121和过渡区123之间。因此,损伤浓度NDA(点划线)连同受主浓度NA(实线)一起可以限定接触区121和过渡区123的延伸。
例如,损伤区122在由半导体器件1传导的负载电流的流动方向上与接触区121相比更深地延伸到第一半导体区12中。此外,过渡区123与损伤区122相比可以更深地延伸到第一半导体区12中。换言之,第一半导体区12可以设置在第二半导体区13(之上)的顶上并且在扩散阻挡层11之下。例如,损伤区122可以设置在过渡区123(之上)的顶上并且在接触区121之下。这方面用图3中描绘的浓度示意性图示。
在实施例中,接触区121可以在由半导体器件1或相应地由半导体部件4传导的负载电流的流动方向上呈现50 nm到1000 nm范围内的厚度。例如,根据图3图示的实施例,接触区121可以延伸到100 nm的深度。
此外,损伤区122可以在由半导体器件1或相应地由半导体部件4传导的负载电流的流动方向上呈现50 nm到1000 nm范围内的厚度。例如,根据图3中图示的实施例,损伤区122延伸到大约200 nm的深度。
现在考虑第一半导体区12的过渡区123,过渡区123在由半导体器件1或相应地由半导体部件4传导的负载电流的流动方向上呈现200 nm到10000 nm范围内的厚度。例如,根据图3图示的实施例,过渡区123可以延伸到几μm的厚度。
如上文指示的那样,接触区121中第一电荷载流子的第二浓度高于过渡区123中第一电荷载流子的第一浓度。根据图3图示的实施例,第一电荷载流子可以由受主形成,并且第二电荷载流子可以由施主形成。例如,第二浓度为第一浓度的至少50倍。根据图3图示的示例性实施例,接触区121中的第一电荷载流子的第二浓度可以比过渡区123中的第一电荷载流子的第一浓度几乎高两个数量级。
图4示意性图示根据一个或多个实施例制造半导体器件的方法2的流程图。例如,可以采用方法2用于制造如图1和图2示意性图示的半导体器件1,或者相应地半导体部件4到金属接触3的过渡。为了简单起见,在下文中还参照图1和图2。
方法2包括在第一步骤21中提供具有第一导电类型的第一电荷载流子的第一半导体区12和具有第二电荷载流子的第二半导体区13。提供第一半导体区12使得它包括与第二半导体区13接触的过渡区123,其中,过渡区123呈现第一浓度的第一电荷载流子。
在方法2的第二步骤22中,在第一半导体区12中创建接触区121,使得接触区121呈现比第一浓度高的第二浓度的第一电荷载流子。在实施例中,创建接触区121可以包括注入接触区掺杂材料。例如,接触区掺杂材料包括硼(B)和磷(P)中的至少一种。此外,所述注入的注入剂量在1013 cm-2 到1016 cm-2的范围内。接触区掺杂材料建立所述第一电荷载流子在接触区121中的存在。例如,注入剂量可以是这样的,使得在接触区121中创建非常高的p+型掺杂水平(即如图3中示例性指示的非常高的受主浓度)或n+型掺杂水平(即非常高的施主浓度)。p+型或n+型掺杂可以基本上高于通常的接触区掺杂水平。例如,用硼(B)的注入的注入剂量可以例如在30 keV的注入能量处是cm-2
方法2还包括在第三步骤23中在第一半导体区12中创建损伤区122。创建损伤区122可以包括在接触区121和过渡区123之间施加损伤区掺杂材料的损伤注入,使得损伤区122被配置用于与接触区121和过渡区123的第一电荷载流子的寿命和/或迁移率相比,降低损伤区122的第一电荷载流子的寿命和/或迁移率。
在实施例中,损伤区掺杂材料可以包括锗(Ge)、硅(Si)、碳(C)、氦(He)、氖(Ne)、氩(Ar)、氙(Xe)和氪(Kr)中的至少一种,其中,所述损伤注入的注入剂量在1011 cm-2 到1015cm-2的范围内。例如,用氩(Ar)的损伤注入的注入剂量可以例如在400 keV的注入能量处是cm-2
方法2进一步包括在第四步骤24中,在第一半导体区12上沉积扩散阻挡层11。例如,钨(W)或钛钨(TiW)可以用作扩散阻挡层11的材料。这些材料适合于在例如包含铜(Cu)的金属化层31和所述第一半导体区12之间创建扩散阻挡。因此,方法2还可以包括在扩散阻挡层11的顶上创建金属化层31。
在实现所述方法2内,可能要确保所述损伤掺杂材料在制造过程中不被例如由于热退火过程而激活。未激活损伤区掺杂材料可以确保损伤区122的主要功能,即与接触区121和过渡区123的第一电荷载流子的寿命和/或迁移率相比,降低损伤区122的第一电荷载流子的寿命和/或迁移率。
虽然在上文使用诸如“第一步骤”、“第二步骤”等的表述,但是执行方法2的步骤的次序如果适合于制造所述半导体器件或者相应地制造所述半导体部件到金属接触过渡的过程则可以改变。
一般而言,因为接触区121和过渡区123之间的损伤区122被配置用于降低电荷载流子的寿命和/或迁移率,所以发射极效率被降低。因此,可能补偿甚至补偿相当高的掺杂水平,即接触区121中的第一电荷载流子的相当高的第二浓度关于其对半导体器件1的开关特性或相应地对半导体部件4的开关特性的先验负面影响。因此,提出了一种半导体结构,该半导体结构允许通过所述高掺杂接触区121建立半导体和扩散阻挡之间的低欧姆接触而不使开关特性恶化。
在上文中解释关于半导体器件、半导体部件到金属接触过渡和制造半导体器件的方法的实施例。例如,关于半导体器件和半导体部件的实施例是基于硅(Si)的。相应地,单晶半导体区或层(例如示例性实施例的第一和第二半导体区12和13)通常是单晶Si区或Si层。在其它实施例中,可以采用多晶硅或非晶硅。
然而,应当理解半导体区12和13可以由适合于制造半导体器件/部件的任何半导体材料制成。这样的材料的示例包含但不限于:基本半导体材料,诸如硅(Si)或锗(Ge);第五族化合物半导体材料,诸如碳化硅(SiC)或硅锗(SiGe);二元、三元或四元III-V半导体材料,诸如氮化镓(GaN)、砷化镓(GaAs)、磷化镓(GaP)、磷化铟(InP)、磷化铟镓(InGaPa)、氮化铝镓(AlGaN)、氮化铝铟(AlInN)、氮化铟镓(InGaN)、氮化铝镓铟(AlGaInN)或磷化铟砷镓(InGaAsP)和二元或三元II-VI半导体材料,诸如碲化镉(CdTe)和碲镉汞(HgCdTe),仅举几例。前述半导体材料还被称作同质结半导体材料。在组合两种不同的半导体材料时,形成异质结半导体材料。异质结半导体材料的示例包含但不限于:氮化铝镓(AlGaN)-氮化铝镓铟(AlGainN)、氮化铟镓(InGaN)-氮化铝镓铟(AlGaInN)、氮化铟镓(InGaN)-氮化镓(GaN)、氮化铝镓(AlGaN)-氮化镓(GaN)、氮化铟镓(InGaN)-氮化铝镓(AlGaN)、硅-碳化硅(SixC1-x)和硅-SiGe异质结半导体材料。对于功率半导体应用而言,目前主要使用Si、SiC、GaAs和GaN材料。
为了容易描述,使用诸如“在...之下”、“在...以下”、“下”、“在…之上”、“上”等的空间相对术语来解释一个元件相对于第二元件的定位。除了与附图中所描绘的那些取向不同的取向以外,这些术语旨在涵盖相应器件的不同取向。此外,还使用诸如“第一”、“第二”等的术语来描述各种元件、区、区段等,并且这些术语也不旨在限制。遍及描述,同样术语指代同样元件。
如本文中使用的那样,术语“具有”、“含有”、“包含”、“包括”、“呈现”等是开放式术语,其指示所声明的元件或特征的存在,而不排除附加的元件或特征。冠词“一”、“一个”和“该”旨在包含复数以及单数,除非上下文另外清楚指示。
考虑到变化和应用的以上范围,应当理解的是,本发明不是由前面描述所限制的,也不是由附图所限制的。代替地,本发明仅由所附的权利要求书及其法律等同物所限制。

Claims (21)

1.一种半导体器件(1),包括扩散阻挡层(11)、具有第一导电类型的第一电荷载流子的第一半导体区(12)和具有第二电荷载流子的第二半导体区(13);其中,所述第一半导体区(12)包含:
与所述第二半导体区(13)接触的过渡区(123),所述过渡区(123)具有第一浓度的所述第一电荷载流子;
与所述扩散阻挡层(11)接触的接触区(121),所述接触区(121)具有第二浓度的所述第一电荷载流子,其中,所述第二浓度高于所述第一浓度;
在所述接触区(121)和所述过渡区(123)之间的损伤区(122),所述损伤区(122)被配置用于与所述接触区(121)和所述过渡区(123)的第一电荷载流子的寿命和/或迁移率相比,降低所述损伤区(122)的第一电荷载流子的寿命和/或迁移率。
2.根据权利要求1所述的半导体器件(1),其中,所述接触区(121)掺杂有接触区掺杂材料,所述接触区掺杂材料包括硼和磷中的至少一种,其中,所述接触区掺杂材料建立所述第一电荷载流子在所述接触区(121)中的存在。
3.根据权利要求1所述的半导体器件(1),其中,所述损伤区(122)掺杂有损伤区掺杂材料,所述损伤区掺杂材料包括锗、硅、碳、氦、氖、氩、氙和氪中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求3所述的半导体器件(1),其中,所述损伤区掺杂材料不被激活。
5.根据权利要求1所述的半导体器件(1),其中,所述过渡区(123)和所述接触区(121)掺杂有相同的接触区掺杂材料,并且其中,所述过渡区(123)中包含的所述接触区掺杂材料建立所述第一电荷载流子在所述过渡区(123)中的存在。
6.根据权利要求1所述的半导体器件(1),其中,所述扩散阻挡层(11)包括钛、钨、钛钨、氮化钛、镍、钽、氮化钽和钌中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的半导体器件(1),进一步包括金属化层(31),所述金属化层(31)与所述扩散阻挡层(11)接触,并被配置用于通过外接触部(32)接触,其中,所述扩散阻挡层(11)设置在所述金属化层(31)和所述第一半导体区(12)之间。
8.根据权利要求7所述的半导体器件(1),其中,所述金属化层(31)包括铜、铝、铝铜、铝硅铜、钯、钼、镍、镍磷、银和金中的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的半导体器件(1),其中,所述第二半导体区(13)掺杂有第二半导体区掺杂材料,所述第二半导体区掺杂材料建立所述第二电荷载流子的存在。
10.根据权利要求9所述的半导体器件(1),其中,所述第二半导体区掺杂材料包括磷、砷和锑中的至少一种。
11.根据权利要求1所述的半导体器件(1),其中,所述损伤区(122)在由所述半导体器件(1)传导的负载电流的流动方向上呈现在50 nm到1000 nm的范围内的厚度。
12.根据权利要求1所述的半导体器件(1),其中,所述接触区(121)在由所述半导体器件(1)传导的负载电流的流动方向上呈现在50 nm到1000 nm的范围内的厚度。
13.根据权利要求1所述的半导体器件(1),其中,所述过渡区(123)在由所述半导体器件(1)传导的负载电流的流动方向上呈现在200 nm到10000 nm的范围内的厚度。
14.根据权利要求1所述的半导体器件(1),其中,所述接触区(121)中的所述第一电荷载流子的第二浓度是所述过渡区(123)中的所述第一电荷载流子的第一浓度的至少50倍。
15.根据权利要求1所述的半导体器件(1),其中,所述损伤区(122)在由所述半导体器件(1)传导的负载电流的流动方向上与所述接触区(121)相比更深地延伸到所述第一半导体区(12)中,并且其中,所述过渡区(123)与所述损伤区(122)相比更深地延伸到所述第一半导体区(12)中。
16.一种半导体部件(4)到金属接触(3)的过渡,所述金属接触(3)包括:
扩散阻挡层(11);
金属化层(31),所述金属化层(31)与所述扩散阻挡层(11)接触,并且被配置用于通过外接触部(32)接触,并且被配置用于经由所述外接触部(32)接收负载电流,并将所接收的负载电流馈送到所述扩散阻挡层(11)中;
其中,所述半导体部件(4)包括:
第一半导体区(12),所述第一半导体区(12)具有第一导电类型的第一电荷载流子;
第二半导体区(13),所述第二半导体区(13)具有第二电荷载流子;
其中,所述第一半导体区(12)包含:
与所述第二半导体区(13)接触的过渡区(123),所述过渡区(123)具有第一浓度的第一电荷载流子;
与所述扩散阻挡层(11)接触的接触区(121),所述接触区(121)具有第二浓度的所述第一电荷载流子,其中,所述第二浓度高于所述第一浓度;
在所述接触区(121)和所述过渡区(123)之间的损伤区(122),所述损伤区(122)被配置用于与所述接触区(121)和所述过渡区(123)的第一电荷载流子的寿命和/或迁移率相比,降低所述损伤区(122)的第一电荷载流子的寿命和/或迁移率。
17.一种制造半导体器件(1)的方法(2),所述方法(2)包括:
提供(21)具有第一导电类型的第一电荷载流子的第一半导体区(12)和具有第二电荷载流子的第二半导体区(13),其中,所述第一半导体区(12)包括与所述第二半导体区(13)接触的过渡区(123),所述过渡区(123)具有第一浓度的第一电荷载流子;
在所述第一半导体区(12)中创建(22)接触区(121),所述接触区(121)具有比第一浓度高的第二浓度的第一电荷载流子;
在所述第一半导体区(12)中创建(23)损伤区(122),使得所述损伤区(122)被配置用于与所述接触区(121)和所述过渡区(123)的第一电荷载流子的寿命和/或迁移率相比,降低所述损伤区(122)的第一电荷载流子的寿命和/或迁移率;
在所述第一半导体区(12)上沉积(24)扩散阻挡层(11),使得所述扩散阻挡层(11)与所述接触区(121)接触。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法(2),其中,创建所述损伤区(122)包括在所述接触区(121)和所述过渡区(123)之间施加损伤区掺杂材料的损伤注入。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法(2),其中,所述损伤区掺杂材料在所述半导体器件(1)的制造期间不被激活。
20.根据权利要求18所述的方法(2),其中,所述损伤区掺杂材料包括锗、硅、碳、氦、氖、氩、氙和氪中的至少一种,并且其中,所述损伤注入的注入剂量在1011 cm-2到1015 cm-2的范围内。
21.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中,创建(22)接触区(121)包括注入接触区掺杂材料,所述接触区掺杂材料包括硼和磷中的至少一种,其中,所述注入的注入剂量在1013 cm-2到1016 cm-2的范围内,并且其中,所述接触区掺杂材料建立所述第一电荷载流子在所述接触区(121)中的存在。
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