CN105594634A - 一种提高鲶鱼受精率的催产方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种提高鲶鱼受精率的催产方法，包括如下步骤：（1）鱼池搭建、（2）亲鱼饲养、（3）亲鱼催产、（4）产卵和收集。本发明不同成分和操作的综合作用提高了鲶鱼的抗应激能力和生长活力，采用雌、雄亲鱼共同混养、自然受精的方式降低了人工劳动强度和对鱼的刺激，提高了受精卵的产量和质量，提升了受精卵的孵化率以及幼苗的成活率，有很好的推广价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水产养殖领域，具体涉及一种提高鲶鱼受精率的催产方法。
背景技术
鲶鱼为底层凶猛性鱼类，喜欢生活在江河近岸的石隙、深坑、树根底部的土洞或石洞里，以及流速缓慢的水域。其营养丰富，每100克鱼肉中含水分64.1克、蛋白质14.4克，并含有多种矿物质和微量元素。除鲶鱼的鱼子有杂味不宜食用以外，全身是宝，鲶鱼是名贵的营养佳品，早在史书中就有记载，可以和鱼翅、野生甲鱼相媲美，它的食疗作用和药用价值是其他鱼类所不具备的，独特的强精壮骨和益寿作用是它独具的亮点。
因鲶鱼的营养价值较高，越来越多的人饲养鲶鱼，为了提高饲养效益，通常采用人工催情促进其产卵繁殖，目前多数采用的方案是对雄、雌鱼人工催情后，再捞出人工取精、取卵，促进其受精，此方式不仅费工费时，且会对鱼造成较大的应激反应，受精卵的产量和质量均会受影响。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种提高鲶鱼受精率的催产方法，可提高鲶鱼的产卵数量和质量。
本发明通过以下技术方案来实现：
一种提高鲶鱼受精率的催产方法，包括如下步骤：
（1）鱼池搭建：搭建三个鱼池，分别为雄亲鱼池、雌亲鱼池和产卵鱼池，三个鱼池的四周侧壁和底部均设有LED绿光灯，雄亲鱼池和雌亲鱼池鱼的水深均为90~110cm、水温为18~20℃、溶氧量为5~10mg/L、PH值为6.5~7.5，产卵鱼池的水深为50~70cm、水温为23~26℃、溶氧量为8~12mg/L、PH值为6.5~7.5、底部设有棕榈皮制成的鱼巢；
（2）亲鱼饲养：选择体质健壮、无病无伤、成熟度好的亲鱼，雌亲鱼体重大于1.2kg，雄亲鱼体重大于0.8kg，分别放于雌亲鱼池和雄亲鱼池中饲养，同时向两鱼池水中按15~20g/L的量混入添加剂；
（3）亲鱼催产：向雌亲鱼背鳍基部注入其体重2.0~2.5%的催产剂，向雄亲鱼背鳍基部注入其体重1.0~1.2%的催产剂，隔8~10h后用相同剂量分别对其进行二次注射；
（4）产卵和收集：向产卵鱼池水中按20~30g/L的量混入添加剂，在二次注射4~6h后，将雌亲鱼和雄亲鱼按数量比1:1.1~1.3的量混合放入产卵鱼池中，待亲鱼产卵完毕后，迅速捕走亲鱼，随后对受精卵进行收集、孵化操作。
进一步的，步骤（1）所述LED绿光灯的光照强度为200~300lx。
进一步的，步骤（2）、（4）所述的添加剂由如下重量份的物质制成：5~10份钩藤、4~6份枣仁、3~5份板蓝根、2~4份刺五加、4~8份甘草、2~3份绿豆、1~3份丰年虾、0.2~0.5份活性多糖、0.1~0.3份氨基酸；
其制备方法包括如下步骤：
（1）将5~10份钩藤、4~6份枣仁、3~5份板蓝根、2~4份刺五加、4~8份甘草、2~3份绿豆放入其质量3~5倍的清水中，武火煮沸后再文火煎煮15~20min，滤出滤液A备用；
（2）将1~3份丰年虾与等质量的清水混合后高速搅拌，将丰年虾绞碎成糜状后静置2~3h，再过滤得滤液B备用；
（3）将上述物质同剩余成分充分混拌均匀后即可。
进一步的，所述活性多糖由灵芝多糖、枸杞多糖、海带多糖和松花粉多糖的至少一种组成。
进一步的，步骤（3）所述的催产剂由如下重量份的物质组成：2~3份绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）、1.5~2.5份马来酸地欧酮（DOM）、5~8份鲤鱼脑下垂体(PG)、1~2份复合维生素、5~10份水。
进一步的，所述复合维生素含有维生素B1、维生素B9和维生素C。
本发明具有如下有益效果：
（1）本发明在池水中施加的添加剂可提高鲶鱼的抗应激能力和机体体质，保证了鲶鱼正常产卵受精。
（2）利用光源刺激鱼类生长和增产的报道屡见不鲜，而利用光源促进鲶鱼产卵却鲜少见到，本发明通过实践发现低强度绿光可提高鲶鱼受精卵的产量和质量，且可增强鲶鱼的生长活力。
（3）本发明催产剂中添加的复合维生素亦可增强鲶鱼的抗应激能力，并可增强其他成分的作用效果。
（4）本发明不同成分和操作的综合作用提高了鲶鱼的抗应激能力和生长活力，采用雌、雄亲鱼共同混养、自然受精的方式降低了人工劳动强度和对鱼的刺激，提高了受精卵的产量和质量，提升了受精卵的孵化率以及幼苗的成活率，有很好的推广价值。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种提高鲶鱼受精率的催产方法，包括如下步骤：
（1）鱼池搭建：搭建三个鱼池，分别为雄亲鱼池、雌亲鱼池和产卵鱼池，三个鱼池的四周侧壁和底部均设有LED绿光灯，雄亲鱼池和雌亲鱼池鱼的水深均为90~100cm、水温为18~20℃、溶氧量为5~10mg/L、PH值为6.5~7.5，产卵鱼池的水深为60~70cm、水温为23~26℃、溶氧量为8~12mg/L、PH值为6.5~7.5、底部设有棕榈皮制成的鱼巢；
（2）亲鱼饲养：选择体质健壮、无病无伤、成熟度好的亲鱼，雌亲鱼体重大于1.2kg，雄亲鱼体重大于0.8kg，分别放于雌亲鱼池和雄亲鱼池中饲养，同时向两鱼池水中按16g/L的量混入添加剂；
（3）亲鱼催产：向雌亲鱼背鳍基部注入其体重2.4%的催产剂，向雄亲鱼背鳍基部注入其体重1.2%的催产剂，隔8h后用相同剂量分别对其进行二次注射；
（4）产卵和收集：向产卵鱼池水中按25g/L的量混入添加剂，在二次注射6h后，将雌亲鱼和雄亲鱼按数量比1:1.2的量混合放入产卵鱼池中，待亲鱼产卵完毕后，迅速捕走亲鱼，随后对受精卵进行收集、孵化操作。
进一步的，步骤（1）所述LED绿光灯的光照强度为200~300lx。
进一步的，步骤（2）、（4）所述的添加剂由如下重量份的物质制成：8份钩藤、4份枣仁、3份板蓝根、2份刺五加、5份甘草、3份绿豆、2份丰年虾、0.3份活性多糖、0.2份氨基酸；
其制备方法包括如下步骤：
（1）将8份钩藤、4份枣仁、3份板蓝根、2份刺五加、5份甘草、3份绿豆放入其质量3倍的清水中，武火煮沸后再文火煎煮15~20min，滤出滤液A备用；
（2）将2份丰年虾与等质量的清水混合后高速搅拌，将丰年虾绞碎成糜状后静置2h，再过滤得滤液B备用；
（3）将上述物质同剩余成分充分混拌均匀后即可。
进一步的，所述活性多糖由灵芝多糖和松花粉多糖组成。
进一步的，步骤（3）所述的催产剂由如下重量份的物质组成：3份绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）、2份马来酸地欧酮（DOM）、6份鲤鱼脑下垂体(PG)、2份复合维生素、8份水。
进一步的，所述复合维生素含有维生素B1、维生素B9和维生素C。
对比例1
本对比例在水池内不设LED绿光灯，其余方法步骤与实施例1完全相同。
对比例2
本对比例在池水中不施加添加剂，其余方法步骤与实施例1完全相同。
以土鲶作为养殖对象，现有普通催产方法作为空白对照组，每组雌亲鱼80尾、雄亲鱼96尾，下表为相应的数据对比：
| 实施例1 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 | 空白对照组 | |
| 受精卵粒数（万个） | 61.2 | 55.3 | 54.7 | 50.8 |
| 受精卵孵化率（%） | 96.8 | 94.1 | 93.2 | 88.7 |
| 幼苗成活率（%） | 92.6 | 85.8 | 84.6 | 80.5 |
Claims (6)
1.一种提高鲶鱼受精率的催产方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
（1）鱼池搭建：搭建三个鱼池，分别为雄亲鱼池、雌亲鱼池和产卵鱼池，三个鱼池的四周侧壁和底部均设有LED绿光灯，雄亲鱼池和雌亲鱼池鱼的水深均为90~110cm、水温为18~20℃、溶氧量为5~10mg/L、PH值为6.5~7.5，产卵鱼池的水深为50~70cm、水温为23~26℃、溶氧量为8~12mg/L、PH值为6.5~7.5、底部设有棕榈皮制成的鱼巢；
（2）亲鱼饲养：选择体质健壮、无病无伤、成熟度好的亲鱼，雌亲鱼体重大于1.2kg，雄亲鱼体重大于0.8kg，分别放于雌亲鱼池和雄亲鱼池中饲养，同时向两鱼池水中按15~20g/L的量混入添加剂；
（3）亲鱼催产：向雌亲鱼背鳍基部注入其体重2.0~2.5%的催产剂，向雄亲鱼背鳍基部注入其体重1.0~1.2%的催产剂，隔8~10h后用相同剂量分别对其进行二次注射；
（4）产卵和收集：向产卵鱼池水中按20~30g/L的量混入添加剂，在二次注射4~6h后，将雌亲鱼和雄亲鱼按数量比1:1.1~1.3的量混合放入产卵鱼池中，待亲鱼产卵完毕后，迅速捕走亲鱼，随后对受精卵进行收集、孵化操作。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高鲶鱼受精率的催产方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）所述LED绿光灯的光照强度为200~300lx。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高鲶鱼受精率的催产方法，其特征在于，步骤（2）、（4）所述的添加剂由如下重量份的物质制成：5~10份钩藤、4~6份枣仁、3~5份板蓝根、2~4份刺五加、4~8份甘草、2~3份绿豆、1~3份丰年虾、0.2~0.5份活性多糖、0.1~0.3份氨基酸；
其制备方法包括如下步骤：
（1）将5~10份钩藤、4~6份枣仁、3~5份板蓝根、2~4份刺五加、4~8份甘草、2~3份绿豆放入其质量3~5倍的清水中，武火煮沸后再文火煎煮15~20min，滤出滤液A备用；
（2）将1~3份丰年虾与等质量的清水混合后高速搅拌，将丰年虾绞碎成糜状后静置2~3h，再过滤得滤液B备用；
（3）将上述物质同剩余成分充分混拌均匀后即可。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种提高鲶鱼受精率的催产方法，其特征在于，所述活性多糖由灵芝多糖、枸杞多糖、海带多糖和松花粉多糖的至少一种组成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高鲶鱼受精率的催产方法，其特征在于，步骤（3）所述的催产剂由如下重量份的物质组成：2~3份绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）、1.5~2.5份马来酸地欧酮（DOM）、5~8份鲤鱼脑下垂体(PG)、1~2份复合维生素、5~10份水。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种提高鲶鱼受精率的催产方法，其特征在于，所述复合维生素含有维生素B1、维生素B9和维生素C。
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