CN105594474B - A kind of Dry crop wet injury identification apparatus and its authentication method - Google Patents

A kind of Dry crop wet injury identification apparatus and its authentication method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105594474B
CN105594474B CN201510967778.4A CN201510967778A CN105594474B CN 105594474 B CN105594474 B CN 105594474B CN 201510967778 A CN201510967778 A CN 201510967778A CN 105594474 B CN105594474 B CN 105594474B
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water
storage box
water storage
water level
trial zone
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CN105594474A (en
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周美学
张文英
徐乐
徐延浩
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Yangtze University
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Yangtze University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of Dry crop wet injury identification apparatus, including：Water supply line, the water storage box being arranged in trial zone, are arranged on monitoring water level unit, water pump outside trial zone, and the monitoring water level unit is used for the water level described in Detection ＆ Controling in water storage box, a water stream channel is provided with the trial zone；Its advantage is：The design of Dry crop wet injury identification apparatus, can be according to being actually needed voluntarily controlling water level, to realize that different degrees of water logging stress is handled, it can also pass through the height of automatic controlled underground water level during non-flooded stain processing, the needs of during meeting crop normal growth to moisture, you can on the premise of growing area soil natural characteristic is kept, wet injury research is carried out to various Dry crops, the measurement error of the soil moisture and structure is avoided, shortens research cycle；The design of operation area, reduce the interference of human factor, moisture permeates from lower to upper, avoids root system caused by earth's surface water supply from being directly subjected to impact, then causes the generation of soil compaction phenomenon.

Description

A kind of Dry crop wet injury identification apparatus and its authentication method
Technical field
The present invention relates to Dry crop technical field of cultivation, specifically a kind of Dry crop wet injury identification apparatus and its identification Method.
Background technology
As global climate constantly warms, various natural calamities, such as high temperature, arid, the hair of flood Extreme Weather Events Raw frequency will continue to increase.Wet injury, also known as waterlogged disaster：It is due to that precipitation is excessively concentrated, impeded drainage, causes crop stain Water, flooded and caused by disaster, be one of serious natural calamity that agricultural production faces；Dry crop is excessive in soil moisture, reaches It is referred to as stain evil to institute during saturation is affected；Ponding flood crop partially or fully be referred to as damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging.
Wet injury can cause farmland ecosystem to be lacked of proper care, such as the reduction of soil oxygen content, soil temperature reduction, nutrient loss or validity Change, root growth is directly affected, and then influence plant growth, development, photosynthesis, Antioxidative Defense System, ultimately resulted in Crop yield reduction, quality variation.Dry crop, such as corn, sesame, barley, wheat are non-to water logging stress in specific breeding time It is often sensitive, the significantly underproduction can be caused under stress of being in adverse circumstances for a long time or even is had no harvest.
Because water logging stress research starting is relatively later, plant water logging stress gene regulatory network is not still apparent, test bar The factors such as part is unmanageable, need further to strengthen and in-depth for the study mechanism of water logging stress.Water logging stress is tested, difficult Put and be quantitatively to control level of ground water, growing environment of the simulating plant in soil, keep the one of subject plant water logging stress Cause property.Therefore, stabilization, consistent, the natural water logging stress experimental condition of simulation and authentication method how are created, for studying crop Adaptability, resistance to/resistance and regulatory mechanism to water logging stress, and then flooded stain Tolerant varieties are screened, there is significant application value.
The content of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned technological deficiency, present invention design is a kind of by controlling crop field water logging stress condition, and then effectively Study a kind of the Dry crop wet injury identification apparatus and its authentication method of plant growth characteristic.
A kind of Dry crop wet injury identification apparatus, including：Water supply line, the water storage box being arranged in trial zone, are arranged on examination Monitoring water level unit, water pump outside area are tested, the monitoring water level unit is used for the water level described in Detection ＆ Controling in water tank, the examination Test in area and be provided with a water stream channel；
The water storage box includes：First water storage box and the second water storage connected with first water storage box by water pipe Case, the water inlet of first water storage box connect with the water supply line, delivery port and the current of first water storage box Passage connects, and second water storage box electrically connects with the water pump；
The monitoring water level unit includes：Electrode slice and the water level that is electrically connected with the electrode slice for sensed water level Controller, the electrode slice are arranged in first water storage box.
The method that Dry crop wet injury identification is carried out using said apparatus：Comprise the following steps：
1., trial zone it is selected：Trial zone of the cultivated land as Dry crop wet injury is chosen, with baffle plate by trial zone with trying The agricultural land soil tested outside area is kept apart；
2., the structure of operation area：Spaced growing area and operation area are constructed in trial zone, the height of growing area is low In operation area, and gathering ground is provided with operation area, for reflecting permeable layer water level；
3., the installation of Dry crop wet injury identification apparatus：First cistern is connected into water stream channel, and water supply line is set Above the water storage box, the first water storage box is connected with the second water storage box by water pipe, and causes the top of second water storage box End is below the first water storage box bottom；First water storage box is connected by electrode slice with water level controller, is collected for detecting Water level in pool, the second water storage box are connected with water pump；
4., sowing：Using mechanical rotary tillage, site preparation, after water spray, drop soil before sowing, when soil is neither viscous glutinous blocking, Do not formed hardened yet；Operator station is set using both ends in operation area and scrapes the balance plate level land of knife, broadcast using seeder Kind；
5., Dry crop wet injury identification：According to crop species, gathering ground water level is set by controlling water level controller, entered And test data sheet is carried out to the upgrowth situation of Different Crop, different growing stages, filter out flooded stain resistance germ plasm resource.
A kind of Dry crop wet injury identification apparatus and its authentication method, its advantage are：
1., the design of Dry crop wet injury identification apparatus, can be different degrees of to realize according to being actually needed voluntarily controlling water level Water logging stress processing, also can be by the height of automatic controlled underground water level, to meet that crop is normal during non-flooded stain processing To the demand of moisture during growth, you can on the premise of growing area soil natural characteristic is kept, wet injury is carried out to various Dry crops Research, the measurement error of the soil moisture and structure is avoided, shorten research cycle；
2., reduce the interference of human factor, moisture slowly permeates from the bottom up, avoid earth's surface supply water caused by root system Directly it is subjected to impact, then causes the generation of soil compaction phenomenon, while the design of operation area, facilitate operator in trial zone Activity, to avoid operating personnel during flooded stain is tested from thinking to influence on growing area, cause resultant error；
3., in operation area on horizontal, longitudinal direction scale design, can accurately determine growing area Dry crop flooding depth and Crop number, it is easy to observe, records.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of Dry crop wet injury identification apparatus in use；
Fig. 2 is operation area structural representation；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the operation area with scale；
Fig. 4 is balance plate structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is seeder structural representation；
Fig. 6 is that X grows view after four weeks；
Fig. 7 is view after X growth weeks long；
1st, trial zone,
2nd, water supply line,
3rd, water storage box, the 31, first water storage box, the 32, second water storage box,
4th, monitoring water level unit, 41, electrode slice, 42, water level controller,
5th, water pump,
6th, water stream channel,
7th, growing area,
8th, operation area, 81, gathering ground, 82, permeable layer, 83, work layer,
100th, balance plate, 101, scrape knife,
200th, seeder, 201, handle of a knife, 202, blade,
203rd, fixing component, 203a, fixed plate, 203b, tight lock part, 203c, threaded rod,
204th, pull bar.
Embodiment
According to Fig. 1 to Fig. 3：A kind of Dry crop wet injury identification apparatus, including：The feed pipe being arranged in trial zone 1 Road 2, water storage box 3, are arranged on the outer monitoring water level unit 4 in trial zone 1, water pump 5, and the monitoring water level unit 4 is used to detect and control The water level in the water tank 3 is made, a water stream channel 6 is provided with the trial zone 1；
The trial zone 1 is the region for being used to test enclosed by baffle plate in crop field.
Preferably, the water storage box 3 includes：First water storage box 31 and connected with first water storage box 31 by water pipe The second water storage box 32, the water inlet of first water storage box 31 connects with the water supply line 2, first water storage box 31 Delivery port connects with the water stream channel 6, and second water storage box 32 electrically connects with the water pump 5；
First water storage box 31 is arranged in the trial zone 1；Second water storage box 32 is arranged on the trial zone 1 It is inside and outside；
Preferably, first water storage box 31 and second water storage box 32 are horizontal positioned, and second water storage box 32 top is located at below the bottom of the first water storage box 31 so that the water in first water storage box 31 automatically flows into described In two water storage boxes 32.
The monitoring water level unit 4 includes：Electrically connected for the electrode slice 41 of sensed water level and with the electrode slice 41 Water level controller 42, the electrode slice 41 is arranged in first water storage box 31, for detecting first water storage box 31 Interior water level.
The method that Dry crop wet injury identification is carried out using said apparatus：Comprise the following steps：
1., trial zone 1 it is selected：Trial zone 1 of the cultivated land as Dry crop wet injury is chosen, with baffle plate by trial zone 1 Keep apart with the agricultural land soil outside trial zone 1；
2., the structure of operation area：Spaced growing area 7 and operation area 8, the height of growing area 7 are constructed in trial zone 1 Degree is less than operation area 8, and gathering ground 81 is provided with operation area 8；
3., the installation of Dry crop wet injury identification apparatus：First cistern is connected into water stream channel 6, and water supply line 2 is set Put above the water storage box 3, the first water storage box 31 is connected with the second water storage box 32 by water pipe, and causes second water storage The top of case 32 is located at below the bottom of the first water storage box 31；First water storage box 31 passes through electrode slice 41 and water level controller 42 It is connected, for detecting the water level in gathering ground 81, the second water storage box 32 is connected with water pump 5；
4., sowing：Using mechanical rotary tillage, site preparation, after water spray, drop soil before sowing, when soil is neither viscous glutinous blocking, Do not formed hardened yet；Operator station is set using both ends in operation area 8 and scrapes the level land of balance plate 100 of knife 101, using broadcasting Kind device 200 is sowed (according to Fig. 4, Fig. 5)；Selection is by moisture-proof barley variety TAM407227 and to the high sensitive varieties of wet injury Double rate crop caused by Franklin cross combinations sows material, and is named as X；
5., Dry crop wet injury identification：Submerging treatment：When X was grown to tri-leaf period, water supply line 2 is opened, to the first water storage box Water storage in 31, a period of time is placed, after water temperature is close to atmospheric temperature in the first water storage box 31, water stream channel 6 is passed water through and flows Enter the collecting gutter 81 in trial zone 1, then growing area 7 is flowed into after penetrating into permeable layer 82, the depth of water is flooded X to 1cm, pass through water The position controlling water level of monitoring unit 4 height；
After four weeks, there is difference (being specifically shown in Fig. 6) in X growths；Observed X after nine weeks, find X growth conditions difference compared with Greatly, dead plant is high sensitive varieties, and health status, i.e., without dead seedling, the few plant of yellow leaf is that moisture-resistant evil kind (is specifically shown in figure 7)。
After off-test, the water in trial zone 1 is flowed into the first water storage box 31 by collecting gutter 81 to water stream channel 6, then It is evacuated to by water pump in the second water storage box 32.
Preferably, the step 2. in, permeable layer 82 that operation area 8 is divided to be filled by cobblestone, tamped by cement, formed The work layer 83 in passageway, permeable layer 82 are arranged on the lower section of work layer 83, and gathering ground 81 is arranged on permeable layer 82；
Operation area 8 is the ridge held together；When constructing ridge, calibrated using laser leveler, to ensure all ridge category In sustained height so that the uniformity of identification area's waterlogging stain processing water level；Further, laterally and longitudinally setting in work layer 83 Be equipped with graduated scale, for determine crop row away from spacing in the rows, be easy to experimental record；The width of operation area 8 is 35~43cm, for operation Person's activity；
Growing area 7 is rectangle structure, and the width of growing area 7 is 1.0~1.2m, and person easy to operation is in operation area 8 The operation such as can be sowed, be ploughed to growing area 7, avoid flooded stain test during operating personnel enter growing area 7, to for examination material The wet injury experiment of material adversely affects, meanwhile, rectangle small area shape can reduce field test error；
The cobblestone that permeable layer 82 is filled is formed using the cloth parcel stacking of corrosion-resistant high seepy material, and permeable layer 82 depth are 40~50cm, can preferably isolate silt, and in draining or irrigation, current are rapid and unobstructed, it is ensured that whole trial zone 1 moisture is balanced.
Preferably, the step 3. in, the top of the second water storage box 32 is less than the first water storage box 31, is easy in gathering ground 81 When water level is higher than setting water level, current flow into the second water storage box 32 from the first water storage box 31 automatically.
Preferably, 4. middle level land, concrete operation method are the step：Stood respectively in adjacent operation by two operators Area 8, while press the both ends of balance plate 100 scrapes knife 101 so that the land smoothing of growing area 7 and highly consistent, this balance plate 100 is simple in construction, easy to operate；Then planting groove, depth and the institute angle of inclination of planting groove are dug in growing area with seeder It is consistent, then above-mentioned X kinds is planted in the planting groove prepared, according to the design of operation area scale, sets Planting Row Distance For 20cm, spacing in the rows 3.5cm, the research factor of wet injury is reduced, makes X normal growths；
Preferably, 4. middle seeder 200 includes the step：Two handle of a knifes 201 be arrangeding in parallel, 202, two, blade are solid Determine component 203, pull bar 204, the blade 202 is arranged on described the same side of handle of a knife 201, for connect two handle of a knifes 201, two The fixing component 203 is separately positioned on two handle of a knifes 201, and two fixing components 203 be arranged in parallel relatively, Two handle of a knifes 201 are connected by the both ends of pull bar 204 by pin-and-hole, and the pull bar 204 is arranged on the phase of blade 202 To side.
Scale being provided with the blade 202, during for carrying out program request, bunch planting, being entered with reference to the scale on the blade 202 Row operation, reduces error, convenient, fast.
The fixing component 203 includes：For being fixed on the fixed plate 203a of operation area 8 and being arranged on the fixation The threaded rod 203c in tight lock part 203b with threaded hole, insertion screwed hole on plate 203a, when the threaded rod 203c is passed through It is connected after tight lock part 203b screwed hole with the pin-and-hole set on the handle of a knife 201 so that described when pulling the pull bar 204 The axle centered on the pull bar 204 of blade 202 rotates to set angle, so as to be used to sow the recessed of crop in guarantee test area 1 Groove has same depth.
Preferably, the step 5. in, when the water level of gathering ground 81 is less than setting height, water supply line 2 is to the first water storage Case 31 supplies water, and flows into trial zone 1 by water stream channel 6, the water such as used is the water or running water of underground, need at least be shifted to an earlier date Stand within 1 day, with balancing water temperature；When the water level of gathering ground 81 is higher than setting height, water supply line 2 is closed, the water in gathering ground 81 First water storage box 31 is entered by water stream channel 6, collected water to the second water storage box using water pump 5.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all the present invention spirit and Within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., it should be included in the scope of the protection.

Claims (7)

  1. A kind of 1. Dry crop wet injury identification apparatus, it is characterised in that：Including water supply line (2), the storage being arranged in trial zone (1) Water tank (3), is arranged on the outer monitoring water level unit (4) in trial zone (1), water pump (5), and the monitoring water level unit (4) is used to detect With controlling the water level in the water storage box (3), a water stream channel (6) is provided with the trial zone (1)；
    The water storage box (3) includes：First water storage box (31) and connected with first water storage box (31) by water pipe Two water storage boxes (32), the water inlet of first water storage box (31) connect with the water supply line (2), first water storage box (31) delivery port connects with the water stream channel (6), and second water storage box (32) electrically connects with the water pump (5)；
    The monitoring water level unit (4) includes：It is electrically connected for the electrode slice (41) of sensed water level and with the electrode slice (41) The water level controller (42) connect, the electrode slice (41) are arranged in first water storage box (31).
  2. 2. the method that device as claimed in claim 1 carries out Dry crop wet injury identification, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
    1., trial zone (1) it is selected：Trial zone (1) of the cultivated land as Dry crop wet injury is chosen, with baffle plate by trial zone (1) agricultural land soil with trial zone (1) outside is kept apart；
    2., the structure of operation area：Spaced growing area (7) and operation area (8), growing area (7) are constructed in trial zone (1) Height be less than operation area (8), and operation area (8) in be provided with gathering ground (81)；
    3., the installation of Dry crop wet injury identification apparatus：By the first water storage box (31) connection water stream channel (6), and by water supply line (2) it is arranged on above the water storage box (3), the first water storage box (31) is connected with the second water storage box (32) by water pipe；First stores Water tank (31) is connected by electrode slice (41) with water level controller (42), and for detecting the water level in gathering ground (81), second stores Water tank (32) is connected with water pump (5)；
    4., sowing：Using mechanical rotary tillage, site preparation, after water spray, drop soil before sowing, when soil is neither viscous glutinous blocking, also not Formed hardened；Operator station sets balance plate (100) level land, the use for scraping knife (101) in operation area (8) using both ends Seeder (200) is sowed；
    5., Dry crop wet injury identification：According to crop species, gathering ground (81) water is set by controlling water level controller (42) Position, and then test data sheet is carried out to the upgrowth situation of the different growing stages of Different Crop, filter out flooded stain resistance germ plasm resource.
  3. 3. method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The step 2. in, operation area (8) are divided into is filled by cobblestone Permeable layer (82), the work layer (83) being tamped by cement, form passageway, permeable layer (82) is arranged on below work layer (83), Gathering ground (81) is arranged on permeable layer (82).
  4. 4. method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Graduated scale is laterally and longitudinally provided with work layer (83), For determine crop row away from spacing in the rows；The width of operation area (8) is 35~43cm.
  5. 5. method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The cobblestone of permeable layer (82) filling is using corrosion-resistant high saturating The cloth parcel stacking of water material forms, and permeable layer (82) depth is 40~50cm.
  6. 6. method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：4. middle level land, concrete operation method are the step：Pass through two Name operator stands in adjacent operation area (8) respectively, while press balance plate (100) both ends scrapes knife (101) so that growing area (7) land smoothing and highly consistent.
  7. 7. method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The step 5. in, when gathering ground (81) water level less than setting During height, water supply line (2) supplies water to the first water storage box (31), trial zone (1) is flowed into by water stream channel (6), as used Water is the water or running water of underground, at least need to shift to an earlier date 1 day and stand, with balancing water temperature；Set when gathering ground (81) water level is higher than When determining height, water supply line (2) is closed, the water in gathering ground (81) enters the first water storage box (31) by water stream channel (6), profit Water is collected to the second water storage box (32) with water pump (5).
CN201510967778.4A 2015-12-22 2015-12-22 A kind of Dry crop wet injury identification apparatus and its authentication method Expired - Fee Related CN105594474B (en)

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CN109430041A (en) * 2018-10-29 2019-03-08 杭州师范大学 Multi-functional water logging culture apparatus and operating method
CN110231440B (en) * 2019-06-14 2021-08-24 广东海洋大学 Dry land and paddy field test device for simulating seawater supply
CN110432109A (en) * 2019-08-09 2019-11-12 山东省农作物种质资源中心 The anti-Root Rot device of beans and measuring method
CN112840889B (en) * 2020-12-31 2023-09-26 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 Abiotic stress identification device of rice

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CN103814779A (en) * 2014-03-03 2014-05-28 河南农业大学 Comprehensive prevention and control technology of corn waterlogging disaster
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