CN105594474A - Dry crop wet damage identification device and identification method thereof - Google Patents
Dry crop wet damage identification device and identification method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105594474A CN105594474A CN201510967778.4A CN201510967778A CN105594474A CN 105594474 A CN105594474 A CN 105594474A CN 201510967778 A CN201510967778 A CN 201510967778A CN 105594474 A CN105594474 A CN 105594474A
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- water
- storage box
- water storage
- water level
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
Abstract
A dry crop wet damage identification device comprises a water supply pipe, a water storage tank, a water level monitoring unit and a water pump, wherein the water supply pipe and the water storage tank are arranged in a test area; and the water level monitoring unit and the water pump are arranged outside the test area. The water level monitoring unit is used for detecting and controlling water level in the water storage tank; and a water flow channel is arranged in the test area. The dry crop wet damage identification device has the advantages that through the design of the dry crop wet damage identification device, the water level can be controlled automatically according to actual requirements so as to achieve waterlogging stress treatment of different degrees, and the requirements on moisture needed for normal growth of crops can be met by automatically controlling the height of underground water level during a non-waterlogging treatment period; that is, on the premise that the natural characteristics of soil of a planting area are maintained, wet damage research is performed on various dry crops, measurement errors of soil temperature and structure are avoided, and a research period is shortened. Through the design of an operation area, the interference of human factors is reduced, moisture permeate from bottom to top, and the problem that root systems are directly subject to impact due to water supply on the earth's surface, so that soil hardening is caused is solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Dry crop cultivation technique field, specifically a kind of Dry crop wet injury mirrorDetermine device and authentication method thereof.
Background technology
Along with global climate constantly warms, various natural calamities, as utmost points such as high temperature, arid, floodsThe occurrence frequency of end weather events will continue to increase. Wet injury, is also called waterlogging stain disaster: be due toPrecipitation is too concentrated, and impeded drainage causes crop accumulated water, flooded and the disaster that causes, isOne of serious natural calamity that agricultural production faces; Dry crop is too much in soil moisture, reaches fullWith time suffered impact be called stain evil; Ponding floods the local of crop or is all called damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging.
Wet injury can cause farmland ecosystem imbalance, as soil oxygen content reduces, soil temperature reduces,Nutrient loss or validity change, and directly affect root growth, so affect plant growth,Educate, photosynthesis, Antioxidative Defense System, finally cause crop yield reduction, quality variation.Dry crop, as corn, sesame, barley, wheat etc. were coerced very waterlogging stain in specific breeding timeSensitivity, is in adverse circumstances for a long time and coerces lower meeting and cause the significantly underproduction even to be had no harvest.
Because waterlogging stain is coerced research starting, relatively evening, the flooded stain stress gene of plant regulated and control network be stillUndistinct, experimental condition is difficult to the factors such as control, steeps the mechanism research of coercing need for waterloggingFurther strengthen and in-depth. Waterlogging stain is coerced test, and difficult point is that quantitative makes level of ground water,The growing environment of simulating plant in soil, the uniformity that keeps tested plant waterlogging stain to coerce. CauseHow this, create waterlogging stain stable, consistent, simulating nature and coerce experimental condition and authentication method,For studying crop, waterlogging is steeped to the adaptability of coercing, resistance to/resistance and regulatory mechanism, and then screeningWaterlogging stain tolerance kind, has significant application value.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned technological deficiency, the present invention designs one and coerces by controlling land for growing field crops waterlogging stainCondition, and then effectively study a kind of Dry crop wet injury identification apparatus and the mirror thereof of plant growth characteristicDetermine method.
A kind of Dry crop wet injury identification apparatus, comprising: be arranged on water supply line in trial zone,Water storage box, is arranged on monitoring water level unit, water pump outside trial zone, and described monitoring water level unit is usedWater level in water tank described in Detection & Controling, is provided with a water stream channel in described trial zone;
Described water storage box comprises: the first water storage box and connecting by water pipe with described the first water storage boxThe second logical water storage box, the water inlet of described the first water storage box is communicated with described water supply line, instituteThe delivery port of stating the first water storage box is communicated with described water stream channel, and described the second water storage box and instituteState water pump electrical connection;
Described monitoring water level unit comprises: for detection of the electrode slice of water level and with described electrodeThe water level controller of sheet electrical connection, described electrode slice is arranged in described the first water storage box.
The method that adopts said apparatus to carry out the qualification of Dry crop wet injury: comprise the steps:
1., trial zone is selected: choose the trial zone of a cultivated land as Dry crop wet injury, useBaffle plate is kept apart the agricultural land soil outside trial zone and trial zone;
2., the structure of operation area: in trial zone, construct spaced growing area and operation area,The height of growing area is lower than operation area, and in operation area, is provided with gathering ground, for reflecting infiltrationLayer water level;
3., the installation of Dry crop wet injury identification apparatus: the first cistern is communicated with to water stream channel,And water supply line is arranged on to described water storage box top, and the first water storage box and the second water storage box pass throughCross current, and make the top of described the second water storage box be positioned at described the first water storage box bottom withUnder; The first water storage box is connected with water level controller by electrode slice, for detection of in gathering groundWater level, the second water storage box is connected with water pump;
4., sowing: before sowing, use after mechanical rotary tillage, whole ground, water spray, soil dropped,Stick into piece when soil is neither sticky, also do not form and harden; Operator stands in operation area and adopts twoEnd arranges balance plate level land, the sowing of employing seeder of scraper part;
5., Dry crop wet injury qualification: according to crop species, establish by controlling water level controllerDetermine gathering ground water level, and then the upgrowth situation of Different Crop, different growing stages is tested to noteRecord, filters out waterlogging stain resistance germ plasm resource.
A kind of Dry crop wet injury identification apparatus and authentication method thereof, its advantage is:
1., the design of Dry crop wet injury identification apparatus, can control voluntarily according to actual needs water level,To realize waterlogging stain Stress treatment in various degree, also can be by control automatically during non-waterlogging stain is processedThe height of level of ground water processed, the demand to moisture while meeting crop normal growth, can protectHold under the prerequisite of growing area soil natural characteristic, various Dry crops are carried out to wet injury research, avoidThe measure error of the soil moisture and structure, shortens research cycle;
2., reduced the interference of human factor, moisture is infiltration from the bottom up lentamente, avoids groundThe root system that table water supply causes is directly impacted, and then causes the generation of soil compaction phenomenon, withTime operation area design, handled easily person is movable in trial zone, to avoid waterlogging stain duration of testThe think impact of operating personnel on growing area, causes resultant error;
3., horizontal in operation area, the design of longitudinally going up scale, can determine exactly growing area dry farmingThe flooding depth of thing and crop number, be convenient to observation, record.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is Dry crop wet injury identification apparatus structural representation in use;
Fig. 2 is operation area structural representation;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the operation area with scale;
Fig. 4 is balance plate structural representation;
Fig. 5 is seeder structural representation;
Fig. 6 is view after X growth surrounding;
Fig. 7 is view after X growth week for a long time;
1, trial zone,
2, water supply line,
3, water storage box, 31, the first water storage box, 32, the second water storage box,
4, monitoring water level unit, 41, electrode slice, 42, water level controller,
5, water pump,
6, water stream channel,
7, growing area,
8, operation area, 81, gathering ground, 82, permeable layer, 83, work layer,
100, balance plate, 101, scraper part,
200, seeder, 201, handle of a knife, 202, blade,
203, fixed component, 203a, fixed head, 203b, tight lock part, 203c, threaded rod,
204, pull bar.
Detailed description of the invention
According to shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 3: a kind of Dry crop wet injury identification apparatus, comprising: be arranged onWater supply line 2 in trial zone 1, water storage box 3, be arranged on the outer monitoring water level list in trial zone 1Unit 4, water pump 5, described monitoring water level unit 4 for detection of with control in described water tank 3Water level, is provided with a water stream channel 6 in described trial zone 1;
Described trial zone 1 is the region for testing being enclosed in land for growing field crops by baffle plate.
Preferably, described water storage box 3 comprises: the first water storage box 31 and with described first holdWater tank 31 is by the second water storage box 32 of cross current, the water inlet of described the first water storage box 31Mouth is communicated with described water supply line 2, the delivery port of described the first water storage box 31 and described currentPassage 6 is communicated with, and described the second water storage box 32 is electrically connected with described water pump 5;
Described the first water storage box 31 is arranged in described trial zone 1; Described the second water storage box 32Inside and outside being arranged on described trial zone 1, all can;
Preferably, described the first water storage box 31 and the equal horizontal positioned of described the second water storage box 32,And the top of described the second water storage box 32 is positioned at below described the first water storage box 31 bottoms, makesWater in described the first water storage box 31 flows in described the second water storage box 32 automatically.
Described monitoring water level unit 4 comprises: for detection of the electrode slice 41 of water level and with instituteState the water level controller 42 that electrode slice 41 is electrically connected, described electrode slice 41 is arranged on describedIn one water storage box 31, for detection of the water level in described the first water storage box 31.
The method that adopts said apparatus to carry out the qualification of Dry crop wet injury: comprise the steps:
1., trial zone 1 selected: choose the trial zone 1 of a cultivated land as Dry crop wet injury,Trial zone 1 and the agricultural land soil outside trial zone 1 are kept apart with baffle plate;
2., the structure of operation area: construct spaced growing area 7 and do in trial zone 1Industry district 8, the height of growing area 7 is lower than operation area 8, and is provided with gathering ground in operation area 881；
3., the installation of Dry crop wet injury identification apparatus: the first cistern is communicated with to water stream channel 6,And water supply line 2 is arranged on to described water storage box 3 tops, and the first water storage box 31 and second holdsWater tank 32 is by cross current, and makes the top of described the second water storage box 32 be positioned at described theBelow one water storage box 31 bottoms; The first water storage box 31 is by electrode slice 41 and water level controller42 are connected, for detection of the water level in gathering ground 81, and the second water storage box 32 and water pump 5 phasesConnect;
4., sowing: before sowing, use after mechanical rotary tillage, whole ground, water spray, soil dropped,Stick into piece when soil is neither sticky, also do not form and harden; Operator stands in operation area 8 and adoptsTwo ends arrange scraper part 101 balance plate 100 level lands, adopt seeder 200 sow (according toShown in Fig. 4, Fig. 5); Select by moisture-proof barley variety TAM407227 and high responsive to wet injuryThe doubled haploid colony crop sowing material that kind Franklin cross combination produces, and willIts called after X;
5., Dry crop wet injury qualification: submerging treatment: in the time that X grows to tri-leaf period, open and supply waterPipeline 2, to the interior retaining of the first water storage box 31, places a period of time, when the first water storage box 31Interior water temperature approaches after atmospheric temperature, makes water flow into catchmenting in trial zone 1 by water stream channel 6Ditch 81, then infiltrate the rear inflow growing area 7 of permeable layer 82, make the degree of depth of water flood X to 1cm,Control height of water level by monitoring water level unit 4;
After surrounding, there is difference (specifically seeing Fig. 6) in X growth; After nine weeks, observe X, send outExisting X growth conditions differs greatly, and dead plant is high sensitive varieties, and health status, without deadSeedling, the plant that Huang Ye is few is moisture-resistant evil kind (specifically seeing Fig. 7).
After off-test, the water in trial zone 1 flows into by collecting gutter 81 to water stream channel 6In the first water storage box 31, then be evacuated in the second water storage box 32 by water pump.
Preferably, described step 2. in, the permeable layer of being filled by cobblestone is divided in operation area 882, the work layer 83 of being tamped, formed passageway by cement, permeable layer 82 is arranged on work layer 83Below, gathering ground 81 is arranged on permeable layer 82;
Operation area 8 is the ridge having held together; In the time constructing ridge, adopt laser leveler calibration,To guarantee that all ridges belong to sustained height, make to identify the uniformity of district's waterlogging stain processing water level;Further, work layer 83 laterally be vertically arranged with rule, for determining cropLine-spacing and spacing in the rows, be convenient to experimental record; The width of operation area 8 is 35～43cm, for operationPerson's activity;
Growing area 7 is rectangle structure, and the width of growing area 7 is 1.0～1.2m, justIn operator in operation area 8, can sow growing area 7, the operation such as arable land, avoidWaterlogging stain duration of test operating personnel enter growing area 7, and the wet injury experiment for examination material is caused notProfit impact, meanwhile, rectangle small area shape can reduce field test error;
The cobblestone that permeable layer 82 is filled is the cloth parcel heap that adopts corrosion-resistant high seepy materialFolded forming, and permeable layer 82 degree of depth are 40～50cm, can isolate preferably silt, rowWhen water or irrigation, current are rapid and unobstructed, guarantee the 1 moisture equilibrium of whole trial zone.
Preferably, described step 3. in, the second water storage box 32 tops are lower than the first water storage box 31,While being convenient to water level in gathering ground 81 higher than designated water level, current are automatically from the first water storage box 31Flow into the second water storage box 32.
Preferably, described step is middle level land 4., and concrete operation method is: by two operatorsStand in respectively adjacent operation area 8, press the scraper part 101 at balance plate 100 two ends simultaneously, makeObtain growing area 7 land smoothings and highly consistent, this balance plate 100 is simple in structure, easy to operate;Then in growing area, dig planting groove with seeder, the degree of depth of planting groove and institute angle of inclination are all protectedHold unanimously, more above-mentioned X kind is planted in prepared planting groove, according to establishing of operation area scaleMeter, setting Planting Row Distance is 20cm, spacing in the rows is 3.5cm, reduces the research factor of wet injury, makesX normal growth;
Preferably, described step 4. in seeder 200 comprise: two handle of a knifes that be arranged in parallel201, blade 202, two fixed components 203, pull bar 204, described blade 202 is arranged onDescribed handle of a knife 201 the same sides, for connecting 201, two described fixed components 203 of two handle of a knifesBe separately positioned on two described handle of a knifes 201, and two described fixed component 203 opposing parallelArrange, described pull bar 204 two ends are connected two described handle of a knifes 201 by pin-and-hole, and described inPull bar 204 is arranged on the side that described blade 202 is relative.
On described blade 202, be provided with scale, when carrying out program request, bunch planting, with reference to described inScale on blade 202 operates, and reduces error, convenient, fast.
Described fixed component 203 comprises: for fixing to the fixed head 203a of operation area 8,And be arranged on tight lock part 203b with threaded hole on described fixed head 203a, insert screw threadThreaded rod 203c in hole, when described threaded rod 203c is through the screwed hole of tight lock part 203bBe connected with the pin-and-hole arranging on described handle of a knife 201 afterwards, while making to pull described pull bar 204, instituteState blade 202 axle centered by described pull bar 204 and rotate to set angle, thus guarantee testIn district 1, there is same depth for the groove of sowing crop.
Preferably, described step 5. in, when gathering ground 81 water levels are during lower than setting height, supplyWaterpipe 2 supplies water to the first water storage box 31, flows into trial zone 1 by water stream channel 6, asWater or running water that the water using is underground, need at least shift to an earlier date 1 day and leave standstill, with equilibrium waterTemperature; When gathering ground 81 water levels are during higher than setting height, close water supply line 2, gathering ground 81Interior water enters the first water storage box 31 by water stream channel 6, utilizes water pump 5 that water is collected intoThe second water storage box.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to limit the present invention, not allWithin the spirit and principles in the present invention, any amendment of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc.,Within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a Dry crop wet injury identification apparatus, is characterized in that: comprise and be arranged on trial zone(1) water supply line (2), water storage box (3) in, be arranged on the outer water level prison in trial zone (1)Control unit (4), water pump (5), described monitoring water level unit (4) for detection of with control instituteState the water level in water storage box (3), in described trial zone (1), be provided with a water stream channel (6);
Described water storage box (3) comprising: the first water storage box (31) and with described the first retainingCase (31) is by second water storage box (32) of cross current, described the first water storage box (31)Water inlet be communicated with described water supply line (2), the water outlet of described the first water storage box (31)Mouth is communicated with described water stream channel (6), and described the second water storage box (32) and described water pump(5) electrical connection;
Described monitoring water level unit (4) comprising: for detection of the electrode slice (41) of water level withAnd the water level controller (42) being electrically connected with described electrode slice (41), described electrode slice (41)Be arranged in described the first water storage box (31).
2. the method that device carries out the qualification of Dry crop wet injury as claimed in claim 1, its featureBe: comprise the steps:
1., selecting of trial zone (1): choose the test of a cultivated land as Dry crop wet injuryDistrict (1), keeps apart the outer agricultural land soil in trial zone (1) and trial zone (1) with baffle plate;
2., the structure of operation area: construct spaced growing area (7) in trial zone (1)With operation area (8), the height of growing area (7) is lower than operation area (8), and operation area (8)Inside be provided with gathering ground (81);
3., the installation of Dry crop wet injury identification apparatus: the first water storage box (31) is communicated with to currentPassage (6), and water supply line (2) is arranged on to described water storage box (3) top, first holdsWater tank (31) passes through cross current with the second water storage box (32); The first water storage box (31) is logicalCross electrode slice (41) and be connected with water level controller (42), in gathering ground (81)Water level, the second water storage box (32) is connected with water pump (5);
4., sowing: before sowing, use after mechanical rotary tillage, whole ground, water spray, soil dropped,Stick into piece when soil is neither sticky, also do not form and harden; Operator stands in operation area (8)Adopt two ends that balance plate (100) level land, the employing seeder (200) of scraper part (101) are setSowing;
5., Dry crop wet injury qualification: according to crop species, by controlling water level controller (42)Set gathering ground (81) water level, and then the upgrowth situation of different growing stages to Different CropCarry out test data sheet, filter out waterlogging stain resistance germ plasm resource.
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described step 2. in, doIndustry district (8) divides for the permeable layer (82) of being filled by cobblestone, by cement compacting, form passagewayWork layer (83), permeable layer (82) is arranged on work layer (83) below, gathering ground (81)Be arranged on permeable layer (82).
4. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that: in work layer (83)Laterally be vertically arranged with rule, for determine crop row apart from and spacing in the rows; Operation area (8)Width be 35～43cm.
5. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that: permeable layer (82) is filledCobblestone be stacking the forming of cloth parcel that adopts corrosion-resistant high seepy material, and permeable layer(82) degree of depth is 40～50cm.
6. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described step 4. in level land,Concrete operation method is: stand in respectively adjacent operation area (8) by two operators, press simultaneouslyThe scraper part (101) at pressure balanced plate (100) two ends, make growing area (7) land smoothing andHighly consistent.
7. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described step 5. in, whenGathering ground (81) water level is during lower than setting height, and water supply line (2) is to the first water storage box (31)Supply water, flow into trial zone (1) by water stream channel (6), if the water using is undergroundWater or running water, need at least shift to an earlier date 1 day and leave standstill, with balancing water temperature; When gathering ground (81)Water level during higher than setting height, is closed water supply line (2), and the water in gathering ground (81) passes throughWater stream channel (6) enters the first water storage box (31), utilizes water pump (5) that water is collected intoTwo water storage boxes (32).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510967778.4A CN105594474B (en) | 2015-12-22 | 2015-12-22 | A kind of Dry crop wet injury identification apparatus and its authentication method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510967778.4A CN105594474B (en) | 2015-12-22 | 2015-12-22 | A kind of Dry crop wet injury identification apparatus and its authentication method |
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| CN105594474A true CN105594474A (en) | 2016-05-25 |
| CN105594474B CN105594474B (en) | 2018-02-27 |
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| CN109430041A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-03-08 | 杭州师范大学 | Multi-functional water logging culture apparatus and operating method |
| CN110231440A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-09-13 | 广东海洋大学 | A kind of nonirrigated farmland of simulated seawater supply, paddy field experimental rig |
| CN110432109A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-11-12 | 山东省农作物种质资源中心 | The anti-Root Rot device of beans and measuring method |
| CN112840889A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-28 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | Abiotic stress identification device of rice |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109430041A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-03-08 | 杭州师范大学 | Multi-functional water logging culture apparatus and operating method |
| CN110231440A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-09-13 | 广东海洋大学 | A kind of nonirrigated farmland of simulated seawater supply, paddy field experimental rig |
| CN110432109A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-11-12 | 山东省农作物种质资源中心 | The anti-Root Rot device of beans and measuring method |
| CN112840889A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-28 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | Abiotic stress identification device of rice |
| CN112840889B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2023-09-26 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | Abiotic stress identification device of rice |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105594474B (en) | 2018-02-27 |
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