CN214385245U

CN214385245U - Test device for simulating partial root zone irrigation by longitudinal water difference distribution

Info

Publication number: CN214385245U
Application number: CN202120241522.6U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 罗振; 孔祥强; 唐薇; 田立文; 卢合全; 李振怀; 徐士振
Original assignee: Shandong Cotton Research Center
Current assignee: Shandong Cotton Research Center
Priority date: 2021-01-28
Filing date: 2021-01-28
Publication date: 2021-10-15
Anticipated expiration: 2031-01-28

Abstract

The utility model discloses a test device that vertical moisture difference distribution simulation part root zone was irrigated belongs to the experimental technical field of crop planting. The testing device comprises an upper layer box and a lower layer box, the upper layer box is detachably arranged above the lower layer box, a communicating pipe and a drain hole are arranged at the bottom of the upper layer box, the upper end of the communicating pipe is higher than the bottom surface of the upper layer box, the lower end of the communicating pipe is inserted into the lower layer box, and the position of the drain hole is not higher than the upper end surface of the communicating pipe. Compared with the prior art, the testing device can accurately simulate partial root zone irrigation realized by adjusting irrigation quantity under the condition of drip irrigation under the field film, and provides a good basis for researching a mechanism for improving the crop water utilization rate by the irrigation technology.

Description

Test device for simulating partial root zone irrigation by longitudinal water difference distribution

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a crop planting test field specifically provides a test device that vertical moisture difference distribution simulation part root zone was irrigated.

Background

The irrigation of partial root area is a new water-saving irrigation technique which is proposed in recent years, the technique makes one part of area of the vertical section or the horizontal plane of the soil keep dry, and makes the other part of area irrigate water and wet, the signal substance generated by the root system of the arid area is used for adjusting the opening of the air hole and the moisture absorption capacity of the root system of the wet area, the water utilization efficiency is obviously improved, but other physiological activities of plants are not influenced. The early implementation mode of the technology is mainly to irrigate partial roots (1/4, 2/4 and 3/4) of fruit trees or to irrigate crops such as cotton, corn and the like in an interlaced way (ditches), and the irrigation modes mainly realize water difference distribution in the transverse (horizontal) direction and achieve remarkable water-saving effect in production. In order to deeply research the mechanism indoors, people put the utility model into practical use and research the mechanism of improving the water utilization efficiency of crops by realizing the irrigation of partial root areas through the water difference distribution in the horizontal direction by the root dividing technology, the grafting root dividing technology and the like. In recent years, with the popularization and application of drip irrigation technology, drip irrigation has become a common irrigation technology in the agricultural field, especially in the northwest inland cotton area, and the drip irrigation under the mulch is a main planting mode of local cotton. Under the condition of drip irrigation under the film, the water content is controlled to be concentrated in the main root area of the cotton by adjusting the water irrigation quantity and the water irrigation frequency, so that the irrigation of partial root areas of the cotton is realized, and the water content is mainly distributed in a different way on the vertical section of the soil in the irrigation mode. Under the condition of drip irrigation under the film, partial root zone irrigation is realized through the method, the operation is simple, the popularization is easy, the cotton water utilization efficiency can be obviously improved, and particularly in the northwest inland arid region, the method has a wide popularization and application prospect by combining an automation technology, and is a key technology for sustainable development of the cotton industry in the northwest arid region. However, the root division technology and the grafting root division technology which are used for researching the mechanism of improving the water utilization efficiency by irrigating part of root areas mainly simulate the difference distribution of water on the horizontal plane, and are not suitable for researching the mechanism of the cotton water utilization efficiency by the water difference distribution of the vertical section of the soil.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model provides a to the not enough of above-mentioned prior art, provide a test device that vertical moisture difference distribution simulation part root zone was irrigated. The testing device can accurately simulate partial root zone irrigation realized by adjusting irrigation quantity under the condition of drip irrigation under the field film, and provides a good basis for researching a mechanism for improving the crop water utilization rate by the irrigation technology.

The utility model provides a technical scheme that its technical problem adopted is: test device that vertical moisture difference distribution simulation part root zone was irrigated, its characteristics are including upper box, lower floor's box, and upper box can be dismantled and set up in lower floor's box top, is equipped with closed tube and wash port in the bottom of upper box, and closed tube upper end is higher than the bottom surface of upper box, and the lower extreme inserts lower floor's box in, and the position of wash port is not higher than closed tube up end.

Utilize above-mentioned test device to test, the partial root system of plant gets into lower floor's box through the closed tube and plants the matrix in the upper box, waters through control, makes the root system in the upper box be in moist district, and dry district is handled to the root system in the lower floor's box, reaches the effect that the simulation part root zone irrigated. The drain hole is used for draining excessive moisture in the upper layer box and preventing the moisture from entering the lower layer box from the communicating pipe

Preferably, a drain pipe can be arranged at the drain hole, and the water outlet end of the drain pipe is positioned outside the lower box.

Preferably, the bottom surface of the upper-layer box is designed to be inclined, and the communicating pipe is arranged at the lowest point of the bottom surface of the upper-layer box.

Preferably, the communicating pipe is arranged in the middle of the bottom surface of the upper box, and in this case, the lowest point of the bottom surface of the upper box is also positioned in the middle of the bottom surface.

Preferably, the upper layer box and the lower layer box are detachably connected through a support column, the upper end of the support column is fixedly connected with the upper layer box, and the lower end of the support column is clamped with the lower layer box; or the upper end of the supporting column is fixedly connected with the upper-layer box clamp, and the lower end of the supporting column is fixedly connected with the lower-layer box.

Preferably, the length of the supporting column is adjustable, and can be adjusted according to the height of the planting matrix in the lower box, so that the lower end of the communicating pipe is not higher than the upper surface of the planting matrix in the lower box.

Preferably, the side walls of the upper layer box and the lower layer box are made of transparent materials, such as transparent plastics, organic glass or acrylic materials.

Preferably, the upper box and the lower box are rectangular, the width of the upper box is the same as that of the lower box, and the length of the upper box is smaller than that of the lower box.

Preferably, the upper box and the lower box are both cylindrical, and the radius of the upper box is not larger than that of the lower box.

Preferably, the cross section of the communicating pipe can be in any shape such as square, round and the like, and is preferably square with the side length of 0.5-2 cm; the height of the communicating pipe above the bottom surface of the upper box is preferably 1-2 cm.

The utility model discloses carry out vertical moisture difference distribution simulation part root zone with special test device and irrigate experimentally, compare with prior art and have following outstanding beneficial effect:

(1) the test device adopts the design of an upper layer and a lower layer which are separated, planting matrixes can be respectively filled in the test device, the weight of the filled matrixes is weighed, the irrigation quantity of each layer can be conveniently calculated according to the maximum water holding capacity of the matrixes, and the irrigation quantity required by the upper layer box can be calculated according to the maximum water holding capacity and the filled weight of the used planting matrixes, so that the growth requirement of plants can be maintained, and excessive water can be prevented from flowing into the lower layer box.

(2) The bottom of the upper box is provided with an upward convex communicating pipe, so that a root system can enter the lower layer, and meanwhile, moisture is prevented from entering the lower box, longitudinal moisture difference distribution is realized (the upper box is irrigated into a wet area, and the lower box is not irrigated into an arid area), and under the condition of accurately simulating drip irrigation under a field film, partial root area irrigation in which moisture is concentrated in a main root area is realized by adjusting the irrigation amount is realized.

(3) Can keep the lower end of the communicating pipe and the planting medium of the lower box from being contacted with the air, and avoid the root system from being exposed in the air.

(4) The inclined design of the bottom surface of the upper box is beneficial to the collection of moisture from two sides to the center, the moisture distribution is realized in the more accurate simulation field drop irrigation, the surface of the lower box substrate is exposed in the air, and the lower box substrate is kept synchronous with the natural evaporation of the moisture of the upper box, so that the water content of the lower box substrate is conveniently controlled.

(5) And a drain hole and a drain pipe are designed to drain excessive moisture and prevent the moisture from entering the lower box from the communicating pipe.

(6) The transparent material is used for manufacturing, and the root growth and the water distribution condition can be conveniently observed without assembling any sensor.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a test apparatus according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a view of the test apparatus A of the first embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a test apparatus according to a second embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a view of the test apparatus B of the second embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a structure of a support column of the second experimental apparatus according to the embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a state of use of the test apparatus according to the first embodiment.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to limit the present invention.

The first embodiment is as follows:

as shown in the attached fig. 1 and 2, the special test device of the embodiment is mainly composed of an upper layer box 1, a lower layer box 2 and a communicating pipe 3, and all parts are not made of organic glass.

The upper box 1 is in a square funnel shape, and the upper half part of the upper box is a square cylinder with the length of 20cm, the width of 10cm and the height of 3 cm; the bottom surface of the lower half part is connected with the lower opening of the communicating pipe 3 at the central position of the bottom part by the lower ends of the four side surfaces of the upper half part inclining downwards. The communicating pipe 3 is 1.5cm high and the cross section is a square with the side length of 1 cm. Support columns 4 with the length of 2.5cm are fixed at two ends of the upper-layer box 1 in the length direction, and clamping tongues 5 are processed at the lower ends of the support columns 4. The lower opening of the communicating pipe 3 and the clamping tongue 5 are on the same plane. Two water discharge holes 6 with the diameter of 0.5cm are respectively processed on the inclined planes at the two sides of the upper layer box 1 in the width direction and slightly lower than the upper edge plane of the communicating pipe 3. The two drain holes 6 are both connected with a drain pipe 7.

The lower box 2 is a square box with the length of 25cm, the width of 10cm and the height of 5.5 cm. And clamping grooves 8 corresponding to the clamping tongues 5 are processed on the two side surfaces of the lower box 2 in the width direction.

Example two:

as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the special test device of the embodiment is mainly composed of an upper box 1, a lower box 2 and a communicating pipe 3, and all parts are not made of organic glass.

The upper layer box 1 is cylindrical funnel-shaped, the upper half part is cylindrical with the radius of 10cm and the height of 4 cm; the bottom surface of the lower half part is extended from the lower end of the upper half part in a downward inclined way and is connected with the lower opening of the communicating pipe 3 at the central position of the bottom part. The communicating pipe 3 is 2cm high and the cross section is a circle with the radius of 0.5 cm. Four support columns 4 with the length of 1cm are fixed at the lower end of the side wall of the upper-layer box 1, and clamping tongues 5 are processed at the lower ends of the support columns 4. The lower opening of the communicating pipe 3 and the clamping tongue 5 are on the same plane. Two drain holes 6 with the diameter of 0.5cm are processed at the lower end of the side wall of the upper box 1 and a position slightly lower than the upper edge plane of the communicating pipe 3.

The lower box 2 is cylindrical, with a radius of 10cm and a height of 5 cm. A clamping groove 8 corresponding to the clamping tongue 5 is processed at the upper end of the side wall of the lower box 2.

As shown in fig. 5, the support column 4 is composed of an upper column 4.1 and a lower sleeve 4.2. The upper column 4.1 is inserted in the upper part of the lower sleeve 4.2 and is connected with the lower sleeve by screw thread.

Example three:

put into upper box bottom intercommunication pipe with 4-5 cotton seedling roots of true leaf from the top, according to root length, leave about 1/3 roots system in the upper box, fill in the substrate (the substrate water content is 70-80% of the biggest moisture capacity) of mixing with water to the intercommunication pipe, the back is flushed with the intercommunication pipe upper shed, wipe the substrate and the moisture of intercommunication pipe upper shed edge and outer wall with absorbent paper, fix the main root of root system and intercommunication pipe upper shed edge together with scotch tape (sealing film), and seal up the intercommunication pipe upper shed, the sticky tape can play the effect of fixed root system, still can play the effect that prevents moisture entering intercommunication pipe. Then the upper layer box is filled with the matrix, the lower layer box is also filled with the matrix, and after the upper layer box and the lower layer box are respectively weighed and recorded, the upper layer box and the lower layer box are fixed together through the clamping groove.

After the growth is recovered for two or three weeks, the treatment can be started when the root system of the growth can be seen in the lower box. And respectively measuring the water content of the matrix in the two layers of boxes, and when the relative water content of the two layers is 35-45%, calculating the water amount required by the relative water content of the matrix in the upper layer box to reach 70% according to the weight of the matrix in the upper layer box recorded before. Measuring the required water quantity, dividing the water quantity into two parts, and slowly filling the two parts into the upper layer box along the two ends of the upper layer box respectively. Because the upper opening of the communicating pipe is sealed by the transparent adhesive tape or the sealing film, moisture can not enter the communicating pipe, so that the root system in the lower box is in a dry area, and part of the root area is successfully simulated by irrigation (as shown in figure 6).

Claims

1. The test device for simulating partial root zone irrigation by longitudinal water difference distribution is characterized by comprising an upper layer box and a lower layer box, wherein the upper layer box is detachably arranged above the lower layer box,

the bottom of the upper box is provided with a communicating pipe and a drain hole, the upper end of the communicating pipe is higher than the bottom surface of the upper box, the lower end of the communicating pipe is inserted into the lower box, and the position of the drain hole is not higher than the upper end surface of the communicating pipe.

2. The test rig for simulating partial root zone watering according to claim 1, wherein: the drain pipe is arranged at the drain hole, and the water outlet end of the drain pipe is positioned outside the lower box.

3. The test device for simulating partial root zone irrigation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the bottom surface of the upper box is designed in an inclined mode, and the communicating pipe is arranged at the lowest point of the bottom surface of the upper box.

4. The test rig for simulating partial root zone watering according to claim 3, wherein: the communicating pipe is arranged in the middle of the bottom surface of the upper box.

5. The test rig for simulating partial root zone watering according to claim 3, wherein: the upper layer box and the lower layer box are detachably connected through a support column, the upper end of the support column is fixedly connected with the upper layer box, and the lower end of the support column is clamped with the lower layer box; or the upper end of the supporting column is fixedly connected with the upper-layer box clamp, and the lower end of the supporting column is fixedly connected with the lower-layer box.

6. The test rig for simulating partial root zone watering according to claim 5, wherein: the support column is adjustable in length.

7. The test rig for simulating partial root zone watering according to claim 3, wherein: the side walls of the upper layer box and the lower layer box are made of transparent materials.

8. The test rig for simulating partial root zone watering according to claim 3, wherein: the upper box and the lower box are both cuboid, the width of the upper box is the same as that of the lower box, and the length of the upper box is smaller than that of the lower box.

9. The test rig for simulating partial root zone watering according to claim 3, wherein: the upper box and the lower box are both cylindrical, and the radius of the upper box is not more than that of the lower box.