CN105580883A - 一种生物保鲜剂泡腾颗粒剂或泡腾片剂 - Google Patents
一种生物保鲜剂泡腾颗粒剂或泡腾片剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种生物保鲜剂泡腾颗粒剂或泡腾片剂，包括有效成分：普鲁兰多糖15-50重量份，纳他霉素1-10重量份，乳酸链球菌素1-10重量份，曲酸1-5重量份，中药提取物1-20重量份等。使用时，将制备好的泡腾颗粒或泡腾片剂1g-5g溶解于100mL水后，以喷洒、浸泡等方式处理样品，自然沥干。本发明不仅对生鲜食品、水果、蔬菜等起到有效保鲜作用，且包装、贮藏、使用方便，其有效成分能得到充分释放。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种生物保鲜剂泡腾颗粒剂或泡腾片剂，属于食品添加剂领域。
背景技术
随着人们生活水平的提高，对于食品不但要求营养，更要求健康。不论是农副产品，还是海产品，在贮藏、运输、加工和销售过程中常因微生物的大量繁殖而使其发生腐败变质，从而降低或失去食用价值，而开发新型的、安全的、可食用的生物保鲜剂成为一种必然的趋势。
普鲁兰多糖是一种由微生物发酵生产的具有成膜性的多糖，利用其好的成膜性，有效地隔离食品与空气的接触，延缓氧化作用，从而起到保鲜功效；乳酸链球菌素和纳他霉素也是由微生物发酵生产的天然的防腐剂，能有效抑制包括细菌、霉菌、酵母等微生物的生长和繁殖，作为世界上公认的安全防腐剂获得越来越广泛的应用。曲酸是由曲霉发酵生成的一种弱酸性化合物，不仅能抑制新鲜水果、蔬菜、鲜花以及甲壳类水产品中的酪氨酸酶，防止因酪氨酸的氧化作用而使其颜色加深，还可以与生鲜肉类血红蛋白中的铁发生敏感的血红色反应，对生鲜肉类起到保鲜护色作用。中药以其特有疗效与作用，在防病治病、康复保健方面显示出独特的优势和魅力。同时，中药本身具有天然的杀菌作用，使用安全、对人类健康有益，利用这一特性，中药在食品保鲜领域开辟了新天地。
然而目前的各类保鲜剂中一般都含有高分子成膜物质，溶解速率相对较小。而泡腾颗粒剂或泡腾片剂以泡腾物料为崩解剂制成的一种颗粒剂或片剂，具有有效成分稳定，使用方便，使用时有效成分可在规定时间内充分释放等优点。泡腾颗粒剂或泡腾片剂产品易于包装、运输和贮藏，对环境安全，与粉剂相比具有明显优点。因此如能将保鲜剂制成泡腾剂可以有效提高保鲜剂的利用率。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种生物保鲜剂泡腾颗粒剂或泡腾片剂，不仅对生鲜食品、水果、蔬菜等起到有效保鲜作用，且包装、贮藏、使用方便，其有效成分能得到充分释放。
本发明通过以下技术方案来实现：一种生物保鲜剂泡腾颗粒剂或泡腾片剂，包括有效成分：普鲁兰多糖15-50重量份，纳他霉素1-10重量份，乳酸链球菌素1-10重量份，曲酸1-5重量份，中药提取物1-20重量份；
还包括：酸源10-20重量份，二氧化碳源10-30重量份，润滑剂0.1-0.5重量份，聚乙二醇-60002-10重量份，填充剂1-15重量份。
所述酸源可以是下述物质中的一种或几种：柠檬酸、酒石酸、富马酸、己二酸、苹果酸等；
所述二氧化碳源可以是下述物质中的一种或几种：碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、碳酸钙等。
所述润滑剂可以是下述物质中的一种或几种：硬脂酸镁、十二烷基硫酸镁、硬脂富马酸钠、微粉硅胶等。
所述填充剂可以是下述物质中的一种或几种：淀粉、糖粉、甘露醇、糊精、蔗糖等。
所述中药提取物为金银花提取物、黄芪提取物、地榆提取物、大黄提取物、五倍子提取物中的一种或几种。
优选为：所述中药提取物包括金银花提取物5-10重量份、黄芪提取物0.3-5重量份、地榆提取物2-3重量份、大黄提取物0-2重量份、五倍子提取物3-5重量份。
本发明所述中药提取物的提取方法如下，
金银花提取物提取方法：将原料药烘干、粉碎，加入药材量6-8倍的去离子水浸泡30-60分钟，煎煮10分钟，重复煎煮两次，合并滤液，减压浓缩、冷冻干燥后得到提取物。
黄芪提取物提取方法：将原料药烘干、粉碎，加入药材量8-10倍的95％乙醇浸泡60-72小时，期间不时搅拌，然后于80℃水浴中超声萃取30分钟，收集浸提液，室温下静置24-72小时，收集上层液，过滤浓缩干燥后得到粗提物，粗提物用乙酸乙酯萃取，后冷冻干燥得到提取物。
地榆、大黄提取物提取方法：将原料药烘干、粉碎，加入药材量8-10倍的60％乙醇浸泡24-48小时,70℃水浴超声提取30分钟，收集浸提液，过滤浓缩干燥得到粗提物，粗提物用氯萃取，冷冻干燥得到提取物。
五倍子提取方法：将原料药烘干、粉碎，加入药材量6-8倍的去离子水浸泡30-60分钟，煎煮60分钟，重复煎煮两次，合并滤液，减压浓缩、冷冻干燥后得到提取物。
本发明泡腾颗粒剂制备方法步骤如下：
(1)将酸源用熔融后的聚乙二醇6000包埋、冷却粉碎，过80目筛；
(2)然后将普鲁兰多糖、乳酸链球菌素、纳他霉素、曲酸、中药提取物、二氧化碳源、润滑剂等成分过80目筛；
(3)将步骤(1)的聚乙二醇包裹物和步骤(2)的混合物混匀、制粒、干燥、整理、精选、检测，即得。
本发明泡腾颗片剂制备方法同上，仅需在步骤(3)干燥后压片即得。
使用时，将制备好的泡腾颗粒或泡腾片剂1g-5g溶解于100mL水后，以喷洒、浸泡等方式处理样品，自然沥干。
本发明所用中药提取物具有很好的抑菌效果：
金银花：性寒味甘，具有清热解毒、凉血化淤之功效，主治外感风热、瘟病初起、疮疡疔毒、红肿热痛、便脓血等。研究表明金银花有抗病原微生物作用：体外实验表明，花和藤对多种致病菌如金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血性链球菌、大肠杆菌、痢疾杆菌、霍乱弧菌、伤寒杆菌、副伤寒杆菌等均有一定抑制作用，对肺炎球菌、脑膜炎双球菌、绿脓杆菌、结核杆菌亦有效。
黄芪：含黄酮类成分毛蕊异黄酮(calycosin)、3-羟基-9，10-二甲氧基紫檀烷，2′，4′-二羟基-5，6-二甲氧基异黄烷和熊竹素，还含黄芪皂甙Ⅰ、Ⅴ、Ⅲ(astragalosideⅠ、Ⅴ、Ⅲ)；蔗糖、葡萄糖醛酸、黄芪多糖A、B、C、D，黏液质，多种氨基酸、苦味素、黄芪皂苷、甜菜碱、胆碱、叶酸、黄烷化合物及含有硒、硅、锌、钴、铜、钼等多种微量元素。
地榆：凉血止血，解毒敛疮，具有抗菌作用：体外实验证明，地榆100％的煎液对伤寒杆菌、脑膜炎双球菌、福氏痢疾杆菌、宋内痢疾杆菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎双球菌、白喉杆菌、大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌、伤寒杆菌、副伤寒杆菌、绿脓杆菌、霍乱弧菌及人型结核杆菌均有不同程度的抑制作用.对某些真菌亦有不同程度的抑制作用.煎剂在0.5mg/ml时对亚洲甲型流感病毒有效.有报告认为，地榆的抗菌作用与其中所含鞣酸有关.药液经高压灭菌则抑菌作用明显减弱。
大黄：大黄中含有抗菌有效成分：大黄酸、大黄素、芦荟大黄素，具有抗病原微生物作用，对敏感细菌：葡萄球菌、溶血性链球菌、淋病球菌、白喉杆菌、伤寒杆菌、痢疾杆菌等；敏感病毒：流感病毒、孤儿病毒、乙肝病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒等；敏感微生物：阿米巴原虫、阴道滴虫、血吸虫及钩端螺旋体等具有很好的抑制作用。
五倍子：敛肺；止汗；涩肠；固精；止血；解毒，有抑菌作用。体外试验对金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌、肺炎球菌以及伤寒、副伤寒、痢疾、炭疽、白喉、绿脓杆菌等均有明显的抑菌或杀菌作用。100％煎剂用平板打洞法，对绿脓杆菌、痢疾杆菌、变形杆菌、大肠杆菌、伤寒杆菌、肠炎杆菌、炭疽杆菌、白喉杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、乙型链球菌及肺炎球菌均有抑制作用。
本发明有益效果在于：
(1)将生物防腐剂与中药提取物复配，不使用化学防腐剂，使用更安全，保鲜效果更好，组分中的普鲁兰多糖具有好的成膜性，能有效隔离样品与空气的接触，避免微生物直接在样品表面滋生，同时加入的乳酸链球菌素、纳他霉素与中药提取物协同抑菌，共同抑制腐败菌的生长，从而延长样品的保质期。
(2)本发明将生物保鲜剂制成泡腾颗粒剂或泡腾片剂，方便计量，便于携带使用，直接溶于水即可使用，且溶解速率较快，有效的处理时间内不用借助搅拌设备有效成分就可得到充分的释放。通过保鲜实验，充分证明了本发明的生物保鲜泡腾颗粒剂或泡腾片剂这一新剂型的优势，具有广阔的应用前景。
具体实施方式：
为使本发明更加容易理解，下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明，而不用于限制本发明的范围。
实施例1、一种生物保鲜剂泡腾颗粒剂，由以下组分制成，普鲁兰多糖350g，纳他霉素20g，乳酸链球菌素10g，曲酸50g，中药提取物80g，柠檬酸为160g，碳酸氢钠为210g，聚乙二醇6000为50g，硬脂酸镁0.5g，淀粉69.5g。
所述中药提取物：金银花提取物30g、黄芪提取物12g、地榆提取物18g、五倍子提取物20g。
本发明泡腾颗粒剂制备方法步骤如下：
(1)将酸源经熔融后的聚乙二醇6000包埋、冷却粉碎，过80目筛；
(2)然后将普鲁兰多糖、乳酸链球菌素、纳他霉素、曲酸、中药提取物、二氧化碳源、润滑剂等成分过80目筛；
(3)将步骤(1)的聚乙二醇包裹物和步骤(2)的混合物混匀、制粒、干燥、整理、精选、检测，即得。
据检测，实施例1制备的生物保鲜泡腾颗粒剂性能指标，1g/袋的崩解速率50s，PH6.3，热贮稳定性合格。
实施例2、一种生物保鲜剂泡腾片剂，1000片用量：普鲁兰多糖250g，纳他霉素20g，乳酸链球菌素10g，曲酸40g，中药提取物100g，柠檬酸160g，碳酸氢钠210g，硬脂酸镁1g，聚乙二醇600050g，淀粉100g，糊精59g。
所述中药提取物：金银花提取物40g、黄芪提取物20g、地榆提取物12g、大黄提取物8g、五倍子提取物20g。
本发明泡腾颗粒剂制备方法步骤如下：
(1)将酸源经熔融后的聚乙二醇6000包埋、冷却粉碎，过80目筛；
(2)然后将普鲁兰多糖、乳酸链球菌素、纳他霉素、曲酸、中药提取物、二氧化碳源、润滑剂等成分过80目筛；
(3)将步骤(1)的聚乙二醇包裹物和步骤(2)的混合物混匀、制粒、干燥、压片、整理、精选、检测，即得。
据检测，实施例2制备的生物保鲜泡腾片剂性能指标，1g/片的硬度为12，崩解速率60s，pH6.4，热贮稳定性合格。
实施例3、一种生物保鲜剂泡腾颗粒剂，由以下组分制成，普鲁兰多糖150g，纳他霉素50g，乳酸链球菌素100g，曲酸30g，中药提取物200g，酒石酸187.5g，碳酸氢钠210g，聚乙二醇6000为50g，硬脂酸镁0.5g，淀粉22g。
所述中药提取物：金银花提取物100g、地榆提取物100g。
制备方法同实施例1.
实施例4、一种生物保鲜剂泡腾片剂，1000片用量：普鲁兰多糖250g，纳他霉素10g，乳酸链球菌素为20g，曲酸30g，中药提取物120g，苹果酸200g，碳酸钙150g，微粉硅胶2g，聚乙二醇600060g，淀粉108g，甘露醇50g。
所述中药提取物：金银花提取物50g、黄芪提取物25g、地榆提取物15g、大黄提取物10g、五倍子提取物20g。
制备方法同实施例2.
实施例5、将4个实施例所制备的泡腾剂应用于鸡肉的保鲜，实验选取市场上购买的鸡胸肉作为实验对象。
分别取实施例1中的泡腾颗粒剂20g溶于1000mL水中，实施例2、4的泡腾片剂20g溶于1000mL水中，实施例3中的泡腾颗粒剂30g溶于1000mL水中，制备好的保鲜液浸泡鸡胸肉2-3min，沥干，处理后的鸡胸肉置于保鲜袋，放入4℃冰箱中，期间测定不同时间内的菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)值。对照组使用去离子水来处理。
其保鲜效果依据表1的评分标准对实验组和对照组进行评分。
表1鸡肉评分标准表
表2鸡肉储存5d评分结果
在鸡肉的保鲜过程中，随着贮存时间的延长，对照组和实验组的菌落总数和TVB-N值不断上升，且出现腐败趋势，但实验组要明显好于对照组，在冷藏5d的时候依然保持好的状态，而对照组在第3d时肉质颜色变深，气味异常，煮过后肉汤浑浊，腐败变质，说明本发明的生物保鲜泡腾剂能有效的延长鸡肉的保质期，达到保鲜效果。
Claims (6)
1.一种生物保鲜剂泡腾颗粒剂或泡腾片剂，其特征是，包括有效成分：普鲁兰多糖15-50重量份，纳他霉素1-10重量份，乳酸链球菌素1-10重量份，曲酸1-5重量份，中药提取物1-20重量份。
2.如权利要求1所述生物保鲜剂泡腾颗粒剂或泡腾片剂，其特征是，所述中药提取物为金银花提取物、黄芪提取物、地榆提取物、大黄提取物、五倍子提取物中的一种或几种。
3.如权利要求2所述生物保鲜剂泡腾颗粒剂或泡腾片剂，其特征是，所述中药提取物为金银花提取物5-10重量份、黄芪提取物0.3-5重量份、地榆提取物2-3重量份、大黄提取物0-2重量份、五倍子提取物3-5重量份。
4.如权利要求1所述生物保鲜剂泡腾颗粒剂或泡腾片剂，其特征是，还包括：酸源10-20重量份，二氧化碳源10-30重量份，润滑剂0.1-0.5重量份，聚乙二醇-60002-10重量份，填充剂1-15重量份。
5.制备权利要求4所述生物保鲜剂泡腾颗粒剂的方法，其特征是，步骤如下：
(1)将酸源用熔融后的聚乙二醇6000包埋、冷却粉碎，过80目筛；
(2)然后将普鲁兰多糖、乳酸链球菌素、纳他霉素、曲酸、中药提取物、二氧化碳源、润滑剂等成分过80目筛；
(3)将步骤(1)的聚乙二醇包裹物和步骤(2)的混合物混匀、制粒、干燥、整理、精选、检测，即得。
6.制备权利要求4所述生物保鲜剂泡腾颗片剂的方法，其特征是，步骤如下：
(1)将酸源用熔融后的聚乙二醇6000包埋、冷却粉碎，过80目筛；
(2)然后将普鲁兰多糖、乳酸链球菌素、纳他霉素、曲酸、中药提取物、二氧化碳源、润滑剂等成分过80目筛；
(3)将步骤(1)的聚乙二醇包裹物和步骤(2)的混合物混匀、制粒、干燥、压片、整理、精选、检测，即得。
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