CN105579267A - 控制系统和控制方法 - Google Patents

控制系统和控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105579267A
CN105579267A CN201480052821.8A CN201480052821A CN105579267A CN 105579267 A CN105579267 A CN 105579267A CN 201480052821 A CN201480052821 A CN 201480052821A CN 105579267 A CN105579267 A CN 105579267A
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China
Prior art keywords
torque
power
transfer clutch
electrical motor
driving engine
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Granted
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CN201480052821.8A
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English (en)
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CN105579267B (zh
Inventor
畑建正
舟桥真
岩瀬雄二
铃木阳介
信安清太郎
渡边康一
大矢翔二郎
大城裕太
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Publication of CN105579267B publication Critical patent/CN105579267B/zh
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/442Series-parallel switching type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445Differential gearing distribution type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54Transmission for changing ratio
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16HGEARING
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    • F16H3/44Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/724Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines
    • F16H3/725Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H3/44Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/727Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path
    • F16H3/728Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
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Abstract

在控制系统和控制方法中,电子控制单元配置为在行驶期间发动机的运转停止的状态下,通过将离合器设定为半接合状态来启动发动机。半接合状态是离合器带滑动地接合的状态。电子控制单元配置为,在发动机的转速已经达到点火许可转速或更高之后,将离合器的传递的转矩容量增大到满足以下条件i)和ii)的传递的转矩容量:ⅰ)传递的转矩容量比发动机的转速已经达到点火许可转速之前的传递的转矩容量大;以及ii)传递的转矩容量允许离合器保持在半接合状态下。

Description

控制系统和控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于装配有通过发动机启动(或用电动机带动)来起动的发动机的车辆的控制系统和控制方法,且尤其是,涉及控制被接合以起动发动机和用于发动机启动的电动机的离合器的控制系统和控制方法。
背景技术
在转速增大到预定转速的状态下,用作车辆的驱动力源的内燃机(诸如汽油发动机和柴油发动机)通过点燃供给的燃料而自主地旋转。仅使用内燃机作为驱动力源的车辆需要这样所谓的起动控制。因此,即使当车辆停止时,仅使用内燃机作为驱动力源的车辆也将发动机保持在空转状态下。但是,车辆停止期间的空转使燃料经济性劣化并增加废气,所以当车辆不要求大的驱动力时,包括在车辆停止期间的情况下,停止发动机。
能够执行发动机停止控制的车辆的例子是除了使用发动机作为驱动力源以外还使用电动机或电动发电机(这些统称为电动机)的混合动力车辆。电动机具有转矩容量,以便能够输出用于推进车辆的驱动力。因此,当重新起动在行驶期间停止的发动机时,允许充分使用电动机用作发动机启动的动力源。另一方面,当行驶期间发动机的运转停止时,由于发动机共同旋转而消耗了能量,从而所消耗的能量成为损耗。为了避免这种能量损耗,通过释放离合器,发动机可以与电动机或动力传递机构分离。
当起动发动机时,存在因为转矩被消耗用于启动发动机而使转矩变得不稳定、在起动初始状态发动机转速变得不稳定等的可能性,其结果是振动或噪声恶化。第3912368号日本专利中描述了用于抑制这种麻烦的方法。将简单描述该方法。当需要在混合动力车辆正通过使用电动机作为驱动力源进行电动机运行的状态下起动发动机时,离合器的夹紧力逐渐增大,从而发动机的启动开始。在离合器的夹紧力增大的初始阶段,由于离合器的夹紧力小于旋转发动机所需的夹紧力,离合器处于滑动状态。在这之后,离合器的夹紧力充分地增大,然后发动机旋转。在这个过程中,离合器的输入侧转速与输出侧转速变得彼此相等,则在离合器中不再出现滑动,所以离合器基本上完全接合。当发动机转速变成起动转速时,发出起动命令,从而例如开始供给燃料至发动机。同时,离合器的夹紧力保持在那个正时的夹紧力或从在那个正时的夹紧力减小。结果,当发动机开始起动并且输出转矩波动时,因为离合器的夹紧力小于峰值转矩,所以出现离合器的滑动。因此,不稳定地波动的发动机转矩不直接传递至驱动轮,因此,抑制了振动。
在公开号为08-295140(JP08-295140A)的日本专利申请中描述了在所谓的双电动机类型的混合动力车辆中,能够使发动机与动力传递线分离的离合器。
在第3912368号日本专利中描述的方法基本上完全接合离合器直到发动机转速变为可起动的转速,并通过经由离合器传递的转矩旋转发动机。因此,如果发动机转速迅速增大,需要大的转矩,这可能影响驱动转矩并变成冲击的因素。在离合器的夹紧力停止增大并且然后保持或减小夹紧力的情况下,转矩的变化增大,所以这可能变成冲击的因素。这些麻烦减小了离合器的夹紧力,并且能够通过相应减小发动机转速的增大速率而避免或抑制夹紧力的减小。然而,通过这样的控制,直到发动机转速达到可起动的转速的时间延长,所以起动响应受损。
在第3912368号日本专利所描述的方法中,在发动机转速已经达到可起动的转速后,离合器的夹紧力保持在那个正时的夹紧力或从在那个正时的夹紧力减小,因此,发动机转矩或发动机转速不稳定过程的时间延长。换句话说,时间延长直到发动机起动基本完成(发动机转速稳定)为止,因此就这点而言,发动机的起动响应仍有改善空间。
发明内容
本发明涉及如下的控制系统和控制方法:在通过接合离合器以增大发动机转速来起动发动机时,其能够在不引起奇怪的感觉(如冲击)的情况下快速完成发动机的起动。
根据本发明的控制系统包括下面的配置。控制系统包括发动机、离合器和电子控制单元。发动机配置为通过发动机启动来起动。离合器配置为当接合时将启动转矩传递至发动机。离合器配置为使得连续改变其传递的转矩容量。电子控制单元配置为在行驶期间发动机的运转停止的状态下,通过将离合器设定为半接合状态来启动发动机。半接合状态是离合器带滑动地接合的状态。电子控制单元配置为,在发动机的转速已经达到点火许可转速或更高之后,将离合器的传递的转矩容量增大到满足以下条件i)和ii)的传递的转矩容量:ⅰ)传递的转矩容量比发动机的转速已经达到点火许可转速之前的传递的转矩容量大;以及ii)传递的转矩容量允许离合器保持在半接合状态下。
根据本发明的用于车辆的控制方法包括下面的配置。车辆包括发动机、离合器和电子控制单元。发动机配置为通过发动机启动来起动。离合器配置为当接合时将启动转矩传递至发动机。离合器配置为使得连续改变其传递的转矩容量。控制方法包括:在行驶期间发动机的运转停止的状态下,由电子控制单元,通过将离合器设定在半接合状态下来启动发动机,半接合状态是离合器带滑动地接合的状态;以及,在发动机的转速已经达到点火许可转速或更高之后,由电子控制单元将离合器的传递的转矩容量增大到满足以下条件i)和ii)的传递的转矩容量:ⅰ)传递的转矩容量比发动机的转速已经达到点火许可转速之前的传递的转矩容量大;以及ii)传递的转矩容量允许离合器保持在半接合状态下。
根据本发明,当发动机起动时,发动机转速在离合器设定为带滑动地半接合状态下由离合器通过将转矩传递给至发动机而增大。当发动机转速达到点火许可转速时,燃料的燃烧通过例如点燃供给到发动机的燃料而开始。与燃料的燃烧基本上同时地,在离合器保持在带滑动地半接合状态下时离合器的传递的转矩容量增大。因此,即使在发动机处的燃料的燃烧开始且发动机转矩波动时,由于离合器的滑动,车辆的驱动转矩也不会显著波动,因此防止或抑制了冲击、振动等。在发动机转矩也不稳定的这样的状态下,转矩从处于带滑动地半接合状态下的离合器传递至发动机,从而发动机转速增大,所以直到发动机转速或发动机转矩变得稳定的时间缩短。发动机转速或发动机转矩变得稳定的事实意味着起动基本上完成。也就是,改善了在车辆行驶时发动机起动的控制响应。
当发动机转速还没有充分地增大并且发动机转速仍然落在共振区域内时,离合器的传递的转矩容量设定为使得比在发动机转速超出共振区域的情况下的传递的转矩容量大。因此,当发动机转速落在共振区域内时,发动机转速的增大速率增大,所以能够缩短正在发生共振期间的时间。结果,能够防止或抑制车辆的振动和噪声以及在该振动和噪声的基础上的奇怪感。当并行地执行振动抑制控制时,能够减小或抑制该振动抑制控制的控制量。
离合器的传递的转矩容量的变化(如增大、减小等)成为使驱动转矩波动的因素。根据本发明,基于离合器的传递的转矩容量的变化而控制电动机,且抑制驱动转矩的波动,从而能够防止或抑制奇怪感,结果是能够改善驾驶性能。
附图说明
将在下文中参考附图描述本发明的示例性实施例的特征、优点以及技术和工业意义,其中相同的附图标记表示相同的元件,并且在附图中:
图1是用于示出根据本发明的控制系统和控制方法中执行的控制的例子的流程图;
图2是示意性地显示在执行图1中所示的控制的情况下,发动机转速的变化、输入轴转速的变化以及离合器的传递的转矩容量命令值(离合器转矩)的变化的时间图;
图3是用于示出根据本发明的控制系统和控制方法中执行的控制的另一个例子的流程图;
图4是示意性地显示在执行图3中所示的控制的情况下,发动机转速的变化、输入轴转速的变化和离合器的传递的转矩容量(离合器转矩)命令值的变化的时间图;
图5是用于示出根据本发明的控制系统和控制方法中执行的控制的另一例子的流程图;
图6是示意性地显示在执行图5中所示的控制的情况下,发动机转速的变化、输入轴转速的变化、离合器的传递的转矩容量(离合器转矩)命令值的变化,以及MG转矩的变化的时间图;
图7是显示如下例子的时间图:在所述例子中,驱动转矩由第二电动发电机输出,并且第二电动发电机的转矩随着离合器转矩的变化而变化;
图8是显示本发明适用于的混合动力车辆的传动系的例子的概图;
图9是总体地显示行驶模式和离合器的接合/释放状态的表;
图10是用于示出每一个行驶模式的操作状态的列线图;
图11是显示本发明适用于的车辆的传动系的另一例子的框图;
图12是显示本发明适用于的车辆的传动系的再一例子的框图;
图13是显示本发明适用于的车辆的传动系的又一例子的框图;以及
图14是显示本发明适用于的车辆中的多轴驱动桥的例子的概图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供用于包括发动机和离合器的车辆的控制系统。发动机通过发动机启动来起动。离合器经由离合器将用于发动机启动的转矩传递至发动机。离合器能够改变其传递的转矩容量。用于发动机启动的电动机可以是所谓的起动电动机,或者可以是产生用于推进车辆的驱动力的电动机(或电动发电机;在下文中,这些统称为电动机)。除了作为驱动力源的发动机以外还包括作为驱动力源的电动机的车辆称为混合动力车辆。这种车辆不仅能够通过使用发动机行驶或通过使用发动机和电动机二者行驶,而且,例如,能够仅通过使用电动机行驶或在使用电动机进行能量再生的同时行驶。混合动力车辆能够设定为驱动模式,在所述驱动模式下,例如,在车辆通过使用电动机正行驶的同时发动机停止,然后发动机重新起动。在车辆通过使用电动机作为驱动力源行驶的所谓的EV行驶模式下,期望抑制由于发动机的共同旋转导致的动力损耗。在车辆包括多个电动机并且通过使用电动机中的其中一个行驶的EV行驶模式的情况下,期望降低由于不仅有发动机而且还有未正在输出动力的电动机的共同旋转导致的动力损耗。响应于这样的请求,车辆可以包括使发动机与将动力传递至驱动轮的动力传递线分离的离合器。本发明应用于用于包括这种离合器的混合动力车辆的控制系统。
图8示意性显示在包括上述离合器的混合动力车辆中的齿轮列的例子。在这个例子中,从发动机(ENG)1输出的动力的一部分通过机械装置传递至驱动轮,而从发动机1输出的动力的另一部分一旦被转换成电力,所述电力就被反向转换成机械动力,然后机械动力传递至驱动轮2。设置动力分配机构3以用于这样分配从发动机1输出的动力。动力分配机构3是根据本发明的变速机构的一个例子,并且相似地配置为通常公知的双电动机混合动力驱动系统中的动力分配机构。在图8所示的例子中,动力分配机构3由包括用于允许差动运行的三个旋转元件的差动机构构成,并且,例如,由单小齿轮行星齿轮系构成。单小齿轮行星齿轮系包括太阳齿轮4、内啮合齿轮5和行星齿轮架6。内啮合齿轮5与太阳齿轮4同心地布置。行星齿轮架6支撑小齿轮使得小齿轮在它们的轴上可旋转并且是能够绕转的。每个小齿轮与这些太阳齿轮4和内啮合齿轮5啮合。
行星齿轮架6用作输入元件。输入轴7联接到行星齿轮架6。离合器K0设置在发动机1的输入轴7和输出轴(曲轴)8之间。离合器K0用于将发动机1联接到动力传递线9或使发动机1与动力传递线9分离。动力传递线9包括动力分配机构3等。离合器K0由如下的摩擦离合器构成:其将其传递的转矩容量从“零”状态,即,完全释放的状态,连续地改变成没有滑动的完全接合状态。摩擦离合器可以是通常已知的干式和通常已知的湿式中的任何一种或可以是单盘型和多盘型中的任何一种。在接合状态和释放状态之间切换的致动器可以是液压致动器、或电磁致动器等。例如,在现有车辆中采用的干式单盘离合器的情况下,离合器是由所谓的回弹机构(如膜片弹簧),通过将致动器设定为非致动状态,而保持在接合状态下。因此,离合器K0的传递的转矩容量随着用于接合或释放离合器K0的致动器的操作量而变化,并且与致动器的操作量相关。更具体地,致动器的液压、电流值或冲程与传递的转矩容量大致成正比。因此,传递的转矩容量可以预先限定为相对于致动器的操作量(如冲程和液压)的数值,并且可以以图或类似的形式来制定。当摩擦系数随时间变化时,传递的转矩容量与上述操作量之间的相关性变化。
太阳齿轮4用作反作用元件。第一电动机(MG1)10联接到太阳齿轮4。第一电动机10是具有动力产生功能的电动机。第一电动机10对应于根据本发明的电动机或第一电动机。第一电动机10由永磁同步电动机或类似物构成。内啮合齿轮5用作输出元件。作为输出构件的输出齿轮11与内啮合齿轮5成一体。内啮合齿轮5配置为将驱动力从输出齿轮11输出至驱动轮2。用于将驱动力从输出齿轮11传递至驱动轮2的机构包括差速器和驱动轴,并且与现有车辆的机构类似,因此省略了该机构的详细说明。
发动机1、动力分配机构3和第一电动机10沿着相同的轴布置。第二电动机12沿轴的延长线布置。第二电动机12用来产生用于推进车辆的驱动力或用来再生能量。第二电动机12对应于根据本发明的电动机或第二电动机。与第一电动机10一样,第二电动机12也由永磁同步电动机或类似物构成。第二电动机12经由减速机构13联接到输出齿轮11。减速机构13由在图8所示的例子中的单小齿轮行星齿轮系构成,并包括太阳齿轮14、行星齿轮架15和内啮合齿轮17。第二电动机12联接到太阳齿轮14。行星齿轮架15固定地联接到固定部16(如壳体)。内啮合齿轮17与输出齿轮11成一体。
电动机10、12电连接到控制器18。控制器18包括蓄电装置、逆变器等。设置了控制控制器18的电动机电子控制单元(MG-ECU)19。电子控制单元19主要由微计算机构成。电子控制单元19配置为基于输入数据、所存储的数据或命令信号来执行计算,并输出计算结果至控制器18作为控制命令信号。电动机10、12中的每一个都配置为响应于来自控制器18的控制信号而起电动机或发电机的作用。电动机10、12中的每一个都配置为使得起电动机和发电机中的其中一个的作用的电动机10、12中的每一个的转矩都被控制。
发动机1配置为使得发动机1的输出和起动/停止被电控制。在例如汽油发动机的情况下,节气门开度、供给的燃料的量、燃料的供给的停止、点火的执行和停止、点火正时等配置为被电控制。设置了用于这种控制的发动机电子控制单元(E/G-ECU)20。电子控制单元20主要由微计算机构成。电子控制单元20配置为基于输入数据或者命令信号来执行计算,输出计算的结果至发动机1作为控制信号,从而执行上述各种控制。
发动机1,电动机10、12,离合器K0,动力分配机构3等构成驱动力源21。设置了控制驱动力源21的混合动力电子控制单元(HV-ECU)22。电子控制单元22主要由微计算机构成。电子控制单元22配置为通过将命令信号输出到电动机电子控制单元19和发动机电子控制单元20来执行下面描述的各种控制。
允许将图8中所示的混合动力驱动系统设定为混合动力(HV)模式和电动车辆(EV)模式。在HV模式下,车辆通过使用发动机1的动力行驶。在EV模式下,车辆通过使用电力行驶。EV模式包括分离EV模式和普通EV模式。在分离EV模式下,发动机1与动力传递线9分离。在普通EV模式下,发动机1联接到动力传递线9。图9总体地显示设定这些模式时离合器K0的接合和释放状态。在分离EV模式下,离合器K0释放。与此相反,在普通EV模式或HV模式下,离合器K0接合。基于车辆的行驶状态来选择这些行驶模式中的一个。车辆的行驶状态包括所需的驱动量(诸如加速器操作量)、车速、蓄电装置的充电状态(SOC)等。例如,当车辆以高于一定水平的速度行驶,并且加速器操作量增大到某种程度以便保持车速时,设定HV模式。与此相反,当SOC足够高并且加速器操作量相对小或当车辆处于极有可能重新起动自动停止的发动机1的行驶状态下,设定普通EV模式。例如,当由驾驶员手动选择EV模式或当允许车辆仅通过使用电力行驶并且需要抑制由于第一电动机10的共同旋转导致的动力损耗时,选择分离EV模式。
将简单地说明在每一行驶模式下混合动力驱动系统的操作状态。图10是针对动力分配机构3的列线图。在这个列线图中,竖直线表示太阳齿轮4、行星齿轮架6和内啮合齿轮5,这些太阳齿轮4、行星齿轮架6和内啮合齿轮5之间的间隔对应于构成动力分配机构3的行星齿轮系的齿数比,每条竖直线的竖直方向表示旋转方向,而在竖直方向上的位置表示转速。由图10中的“分离”指示的线表示在分离EV模式下的操作状态。在这种行驶模式下,使第二电动机12起电动机作用从而车辆通过使用第二电动机12的动力行驶,发动机1通过释放离合器K0与动力传递线9分离并停止,并且第一电动机10也停止。因此,太阳齿轮4的旋转停止,而内啮合齿轮5与输出齿轮11一起沿向前方向旋转,且行星齿轮架6基于行星齿轮系的齿数比以从内啮合齿轮5的转速降低的转速沿向前的方向旋转。
由图10中“普通”指示的线表示在普通EV模式下的操作状态。在这种行驶模式下,车辆通过使用第二电动机12的动力行驶并且发动机1停止,因此,在行星齿轮架6固定的状态下,内啮合齿轮5沿向前的方向旋转且太阳齿轮4沿相反的方向旋转。在这种情况下,允许第一电动机10起发电机的作用。由图10中的“HV”指示的线表示在HV模式下的操作状态。在这种行驶模式下,发动机1在离合器K0接合的状态下输出驱动力,因此,转矩沿使行星齿轮架6沿向前方向旋转的方向作用在行星齿轮架6上。在这种状态下,当使第一电动机10起发电机的作用时,转矩沿相反方向作用在太阳齿轮4上。结果,转矩沿使内啮合齿轮5沿向前方向旋转的方向出现在内啮合齿轮5中。在这种情况下,由第一电动机10产生的电力供给至第二电动机12,第二电动机12起电动机的作用,并且第二电动机12的驱动力传递至输出齿轮11。因此,在HV模式下,从发动机1输出的动力的一部分经由动力分配机构3传递至输出齿轮11,而剩余动力由第一电动机10转换成电力,电力传送至第二电动机12并且由第二电动机12反向转换成机械动力,并且机械动力传递至输出齿轮11。在任何行驶模式下,当不要求积极输出驱动力(如减速期间)时,使电动机10、12中的一个起发电机的作用,并再生能量。
如在上述的混合动力车辆的情况下,本发明中的预期车辆能够在停止发动机1的操作时行驶。在这种情况下,车辆通过控制离合器K0为释放状态而使发动机1与动力传递线9分离,以便减小或避免由于发动机1的共同旋转导致的动力损耗。在车辆在该所谓的分离EV模式下的行驶的状态下,当驱动力对于所需驱动力变得不足或蓄电装置的SOC变低时,发动机1重新起动。允许通过输出用于推进车辆的驱动力的电动机来进行用于重新起动的发动机1的启动。在这种情况下,释放的离合器K0接合。根据本发明的控制系统执行将在下面说明的用于接合离合器K0的控制,以在车辆行驶时启动发动机1。
图1是示出用于说明控制的例子的流程图。该程序在发动机1被启动的时候执行,以在车辆正行驶时起动发动机1。包括图8中所示的上述传动系的混合动力车辆正通过驱动第二电动机12在行驶。按照如下方式进行用于重新起动的发动机1的启动。离合器K0设定为带滑动地半接合状态,且启动转矩经由离合器K0传递至发动机1。在这种情况下,为了将转矩传递至发动机1,使第一电动机10起发电机的作用以将反作用施加至太阳齿轮4。
因此,首先,判定发动机(ENG)1的启动是否在离合器K0处于半接合状态的状态下进行(步骤S1)。基于下列事实来进行该判定:满足用于重新起动发动机1的条件的事实、发出为发动机1的重新起动而进行发动机启动的命令的事实、作为这些条件的实现的结果而输出用于将离合器K0设定为半接合状态的命令信号的事实,等。
当在步骤S1作出否定的判定时,则不处于重新起动发动机1的状态,所以不执行任何控制而使程序返回。与此相反,当在步骤S1作出肯定的判定,则判定发动机转速Ne是否高于或等于点火许可转速Nei(步骤S2)。离合器K0的传递的转矩容量和经由离合器K0传递至发动机1的转矩足以以预定的增大速率来增大发动机1的转速,且存在离合器K0的滑动。由此,发动机1的转速Ne随时间的流逝而逐渐增大。在步骤S2中,判定发动机转速Ne是否高于或等于点火许可转速Nei。点火许可转速Nei是如下的转速:通过供给燃料至发动机1或除了燃料的供给以外还使火花塞(未示出)通电而允许发动机1以该转速或高于该转速继续自主旋转。点火许可转速Nei可以基于发动机1的排气量和类型、暖机的状态(发动机1的温度)等,通过实验或类似手段来预先确定。
当因为例如发动机转速Ne低于点火许可转速Nei而在步骤S2中作出否定的判定时,程序返回到步骤S1,并继续前面的控制状态。相反,当因为发动机转速Ne高于或等于点火许可转速Nei而在步骤S2中作出肯定的判定时,离合器K0的传递的转矩容量(离合器转矩)增大(步骤S3)。当离合器K0是参考图8而描述的干式离合器时,操作以释放离合器K0的致动器(例如,液压缸)的操作力(按压力)减小。离合器K0的这样设定的传递的转矩容量大于步骤S3中增大之前的容量,并且是对应于离合器K0带滑动地传递转矩的半接合状态的容量。可以通过反馈控制来执行用于设定传递的转矩容量的控制,使得基于离合器K0的滑动转速来控制用于离合器K0的致动器,或者可以通过以实验、仿真或类似手段预先确定的控制命令值来控制用于离合器K0的致动器,来执行用于设定传递的转矩容量的控制。
当发动机转速Ne达到点火许可转速Nei时,恢复至发动机1的燃料供给,而且,在汽油发动机的情况下,使火花塞通电以点燃空气-燃料混合物。结果,燃料的燃烧在发动机1中开始,且发动机1因而开始自主旋转。然而,燃料在发动机1中的燃烧刚开始之后,发动机1的转速和输出转矩是不稳定的,并且显著变化。但是,离合器K0处于带滑动地半接合状态下,因此,当发动机1的转矩波动时,离合器K0的滑动因而增大。所以,发动机1的转矩波动通过离合器K0减小或减弱,结果是防止或抑制了驱动轮2的转矩的大波动或相关的冲击的恶化。
当在离合器K0的滑动情况下如上所述增大离合器K0的传递的转矩容量时,尚不稳定但已经开始自主旋转的发动机1的转速Ne通过经由离合器K0传递的转矩而进一步增大。在这种情况下的发动机转速Ne的增大速率(增大的梯度)变得比离合器K0的传递的转矩容量增大以前高。当发动机转速Ne已经以这种方式增大时,发动机转速Ne最终等于输入轴7的转速Ni,转速Ni为离合器K0的输出侧转速。在步骤S4中,判定发动机转速Ne是否与输入轴7的转速一致,即,离合器K0不再滑动且离合器K0设定为完全接合状态。当因为离合器K0没有设定为完全接合状态而在步骤S4中作出否定的判定时,程序返回到步骤S3,并且继续前面的控制状态。相反,当因为离合器K0设定为完全接合状态而在步骤S4中作出肯定的判定时,传递的转矩容量进一步增大,使得离合器K0不滑动(步骤S5)。也就是,执行完全接合离合器K0的操作。
以此方式,在根据本发明的控制系统中,当在车辆正行驶的同时离合器K0接合以重新起动停止的发动机1时,在发动机转速变成点火许可转速之后,在允许离合器K0滑动的同时,处于带滑动地半接合状态下的离合器K0的传递的转矩容量增大。因此,在通过滑动抑制转矩波动的同时,在燃料的燃烧、转速或转矩不稳定的状态下的发动机1的转速迅速增大。结果,发动机1从不稳定状态迅速转换到稳定操作状态。根据本发明,最终,从发动机1的起动的开始到起动基本完成的时间缩短,所以,改善了对于发动机1的起动控制的响应,并且扩展地,提高了驾驶性能。
图2示意性地显示在执行图1中所示的控制的情况下,发动机转速Ne的变化、输入轴7的转速Ni的变化以及离合器的K0的传递的转矩容量(离合器转矩)命令值的变化。车辆在停止发动机1的操作时通过使用第二电动机12正在行驶,离合器K0释放,且结果,离合器K0的传递的转矩容量是“零”,且因为车辆正在行驶,输入轴7的转速Ni为基于车速的转速。在这种状态下,当用于重新起动发动机1的条件满足并且标志设定为“ON”(t1正时)时,离合器转矩增大。在该正时的离合器转矩的命令值是能够增大发动机转速Ne且使离合器K0滑动的这样的命令值,并且是预定值。
从而,发动机转速Ne逐渐增大,并且发动机转速Ne在已经经过预定的时间的t2正时达到点火许可转速Nei。因而,离合器转矩增大。在这种情况下的离合器转矩是足以将离合器K0设定为带滑动地半接合状态、并进一步增大发动机转速Ne的转矩。
当发动机转速Ne已经达到点火许可转速Nei时,燃料供给至发动机1,从而空气-燃料混合物的燃烧开始。因此,发动机1开始自主旋转。除此以外,发动机转速Ne还通过基于增大的离合器转矩的转矩而增大,因此发动机转速Ne开始以比之前大的梯度而增大。所以,发动机转速Ne在短时间内接近于输入轴7的转速Ni,并且最终,转速Ne、Ni彼此一致(t3正时)。也就是,离合器K0不再滑动,并且离合器K0转换成完全接合状态。因此,在该正时,转矩增大到允许将离合器K0保持在完全接合状态下的转矩。
在图1所示的例子中,离合器K0的传递的转矩容量(离合器转矩)保持不变,直到发动机转速Ne达到点火许可转速Nei。替代地,在本发明中,离合器K0的传递的转矩容量(离合器转矩)可以配置为在直到发动机转速Ne达到点火许可转速Nei的过程中基于预定条件的实现而改变。这种控制的例子由图3中的流程图来显示。在这个例子中,发动机转速Ne的增大速率(增大的梯度)在发动机转速Ne落入共振区域的情况和发动机转速Ne超出共振区域的情况之间变化。
同样在图3中所示的例子中,首先,判定发动机(ENG)1的启动是否在离合器K0处于半接合状态的状态下进行(步骤S1)。当在步骤S1中作出否定的判定时,程序在不执行任何控制的情况下返回。与此相反,当在步骤S1中作出肯定的判定时,则判定发动机转速Ne是否高于或等于预定的转速阈值Neth(步骤S11)。转速阈值Neth是限定车辆的共振区域的上限转速或比上限转速高的转速。车辆的传动系、车身等构成振动系统,并具有基于质量、惯性力矩、弹性模量等的预定的共振频率。当发动机1的转速或动力传递线9的转速与对应于车辆的共振频率的转速一致时,发生过度振动。在本发明中的预期的车辆的共振转速设定为比发动机1自主旋转的转速低的转速。因此,在通过发动机启动来增大发动机1的转速Ne的过程中,发动机转速Ne进入包括上述共振转速的预定的转速区域。设计上,共振区域可以设定为包括上述共振转速的区域。作为步骤S11的判定标准的转速阈值Neth是以这种方式预先设定的共振区域的上限侧转速或比上限侧转速稍高的转速。因此,步骤S11判定发动机转速Ne是否超出共振区域。
当例如在步骤S11中作出否定的判定时,程序返回到步骤S1,以保持之前的控制状态。相反,当在步骤S11中作出肯定的判定时,离合器K0的传递的转矩容量(离合器转矩)减小(步骤S12)。减小的离合器转矩设定为允许离合器K0保持在离合器K0带滑动地传递转矩的半接合状态下并且能够增大发动机转速Ne的传递的转矩容量,并且设定为比在步骤S11中作出肯定的判定前的传递的转矩容量小的传递的转矩容量,即,在发动机转速比转速阈值Neth低的情况下的传递的转矩容量。
在步骤S12中减小的离合器转矩能够通过使用离合器K0的滑动吸收或减弱发动机1的初始燃烧后转矩的脉动或波动或者转速的变化。从而,在发动机转速Ne达到转速阈值Neth之前,也就是,当发动机转速Ne低于Neth时,允许离合器K0的传递的转矩容量设定为使得比在发动机1的初始燃烧时的传递的转矩容量(离合器转矩)大。因此,与在图1中所示的控制的情况相比,当执行图3中所示的控制时,能够在发动机1的启动的初始阶段增大离合器转矩。所以,通过如图3中所示的控制,能够快速地增大发动机转速Ne。结果,发动机转速Ne落入共振区域内过程的时间缩短,因此能够减小振动和噪声,并且扩展地,能够提高乘坐舒适性。
在步骤S12中减小离合器转矩后,程序按顺序进行到步骤S2至步骤S5。这些步骤S2至步骤S5的控制的细节与上述图1中所示的控制的例子的细节相似。因此,图3中相同步骤序号指代图1中相同的步骤,从而省略其描述。
图4是示意性地显示在执行图3中所示的控制的情况下,发动机转速Ne的变化、输入轴7的转速Ni的变化和离合器K0的传递的转矩容量(离合器转矩)命令值的变化的时间图。车辆在停止发动机1的操作时通过使用第二电动机12行驶。离合器K0释放,并且结果,离合器K0的传递的转矩容量为“零”。因为车辆正在行驶,输入轴7的转速Ni为基于车速的转速。在这种状态下,当用于重新起动发动机1的条件满足并且标志设定为“ON”(t11正时)时,离合器转矩增大。在该正时的离合器转矩的命令值是能够增大发动机转速Ne且使离合器K0滑动的这样的命令值,并且是预定值。如上所述,在图3中所示的控制的例子中,直到发动机转速Ne达到预定的转速阈值Neth,也就是,在发动机转速Ne低于Neth时,能够增大离合器转矩。因此,在t11正时的离合器转矩的命令值比在图1或图2中所示的例子的t1正时的命令值大。
发动机转速Ne随着离合器转矩增大而逐渐增大;然而,在初始阶段,发动机转速Ne落入共振区域内。在此之后,发动机转速Ne落在共振区域外,并增大到转速阈值Neth(t12正时)。执行用于减小离合器转矩的控制。如在图1或图2中所示的上述例子的情况下,通过这种减小控制而设定的离合器转矩是如下的离合器转矩:通过所述离合器转矩能够增大发动机转速Ne,并且离合器K0接合在带滑动地半接合状态下。因此,相比在此之前的情况,发动机转速Ne的增大梯度(增大的速率)略微减小:然而,发动机转速Ne继续增大。
在此之后,发动机转速Ne达到点火许可转速Nei(t13正时)。由于发动机转速Ne已经达到点火许可转速Nei,燃料供给至发动机1,从而空气-燃料混合物的燃烧开始。因而,发动机1开始自主旋转。除此以外,发动机转速Ne还通过基于增大的离合器转矩的转矩而增大,所以发动机转速Ne开始以比以前大的梯度而增大。因此,发动机转速Ne在短时间内接近输入轴7的转速Nei,并且最终,转速Ne、Ni彼此一致(t14正时)。也就是,离合器K0不再滑动,并且离合器K0转换成完全接合状态。因此,在该正时,转矩增大到允许离合器K0保持在完全接合状态下的转矩。
在图1至图4中所示的上述控制的例子是用于如下的控制的例子:在车辆在所谓的EV行驶模式下行驶时,通过使用包括车辆的行驶惯性力的转矩,通过发动机启动来起动发动机1。这种起动发动机1的方法是所谓的“推车起动(pushstarting)”。发动机1联接至动力传递线9,发动机1通过利用动力传递线9的转矩而被启动。因此,传递至驱动轮2的转矩的一部分用来启动发动机1,所以,对应于用于启动发动机1的转矩的离合器转矩变成使驱动轮2处的转矩波动的因素。为了抑制由于发动机1的起动导致的驱动力、加速度或减速度的波动,根据本发明的控制系统可以配置为执行以下控制。
图5是用于示出控制的例子的流程图,并且包括除了在图3中所示的上述控制的例子以外的控制驱动转矩的步骤。因此在图5中,相同的步骤序号指代与图3中所示的控制步骤相同的控制步骤,从而省略其描述。因为离合器转矩的波动成为驱动转矩的波动的因素,在图5中所示的控制的例子中,当离合器转矩在步骤S12中减小时,电动机的转矩(MG转矩)减小(步骤S13),并且,在此之后,程序返回到步骤S2。
电动机联接到动力传递线9,并且从所述电动机输出的转矩的至少一部分用作在驱动轮2处推进车辆的驱动转矩。在包括图8中所示的传动系的上述车辆中,电动机是第二电动机12。转矩的减小量对应于作为离合器转矩减小的结果的驱动转矩的增大量。也就是,转矩的减小量是如下的量:通过所述量,能够抑制在驱动轮2处的驱动转矩的波动。在这种情况下,在包括图8中所示的传动系的车辆中,离合器转矩的影响基于动力分配机构3的齿数比(速度比)而出现,所以第二电动机12的转矩在考虑到齿数比的情况下减小。
另一方面,在图5中所示的控制的例子中,当在步骤S3中离合器转矩增大时,电动机的转矩(MG转矩)增大(步骤S31),并且,在此之后,程序进行到步骤S4。在包括图8中所示的传动系的车辆中,电动机可以是在步骤S13中其转矩减小的第二电动机12。转矩的增大量是对应于作为离合器转矩增大的结果导致的驱动转矩的减小量的增大量。也就是,转矩的增大量是如下的量:通过所述量,能够抑制在驱动轮2处的驱动转矩的波动。在这种情况下,在包括图8中所示的传动系的车辆中,离合器转矩的影响基于动力分配机构3的齿数比(速度比)而出现,所以第二电动机12的转矩在考虑到齿数比的情况下增大。
图6示意性地显示在执行图5中所示的控制的情况下,发动机转速Ne的变化、输入轴7的转速Ni的变化、离合器K0的传递的转矩容量(离合器转矩)命令值的变化以及电动机(MG)转矩的变化。如上所述,在图5中所示的控制的例子包括除了在图3中所示的控制的例子以外的对于电动机的转矩控制。因此,在图6中所示的时间图中的发动机转速Ne的变化、输入轴7的转速Ni的变化以及离合器的K0的传递的转矩容量(离合器转矩)命令值的变化与在上述图4中所示的时间图中的那些变化相同。图6一并显示了第二电动机12的转矩的变化。直到发动机1的起动标志设定为ON状态的t11正时,MG转矩设定为用于使车辆在EV行驶模式下行驶的转矩。在这种状态下,当发动机1的起动标志设定为ON状态时,第二电动机12的转矩增大至增加有启动发动机1所需转矩的转矩。
离合器转矩在t12正时减小,所以MG转矩相应地减小。离合器转矩在发动机转速Ne已经达到点火许可转速Nei的t13正时增大,所以MG转矩一起增大。图6显示在t14正时离合器转矩增大到用于完全接合的离合器转矩,并且同时,MG转矩减小。MG转矩的减小是由于车辆的行驶模式转换成混合动力模式导致的减小。
因此,当如图5或图6所示控制第一电动机10或第二电动机12的转矩时,能够防止或抑制由于离合器转矩的变化导致的驱动转矩的波动。结果,能够防止或抑制车辆的无意的减速或加速,所以能够提高驾驶性能。
在包括图8中所示的上述传动系的车辆中,能够由第二电动机(MG2)12在EV模式下行驶中输出驱动转矩,并且通过第一电动机10启动发动机1。因此,响应于如上所述的离合器K0的传递的转矩容量的增大或减小以便启动发动机1,控制第二电动机12的转矩以便稳定在驱动轮2处的驱动转矩。图7是显示在执行这种控制的情况下,电动机10的转矩的变化和电动机12的转矩的变化的时间图。图7分别对于第一电动机(MG1)10的转矩(MG1转矩)和第二电动机(MG2)12的转矩(MG2转矩)显示在图6中所示的上述时间图中的MG转矩。因此,除了这些转矩的项之外的其他项都与图6中所示的时间图中的那些项相同。
在图8中所示的所谓的双电动机的混合动力车辆中,使第一电动机10起作用以便启动发动机1,因此,输出转矩(MG1转矩)保持在如下设定的转矩:其被预先确定为,在从开始对发动机1的起动控制的t11正时到发动机1的起动完成并且离合器K0的完全接合标志设定为ON状态的t14正时期间,启动发动机1所需的转矩。第一电动机10的输出转矩可以响应于所述离合器转矩的增大或减小或类似情况而变化。这是因为,可能需要减小离合器转矩的变化或类似物对驱动转矩或类似物的影响。
发动机1的起动完成后,行驶模式转换成HV模式,所以第一电动机10被使用以便控制发动机转速Ne,并且设定为基于控制的转矩。对比之下,由第二电动机12输出用于推进车辆的驱动转矩,因此,输出转矩(MG2转矩)响应于离合器转矩的变化而增大或减小。变化(控制)的模式与图6中所示的MG转矩相似。在发动机1的起动标志设定为ON状态的t11正时以前,第二电动机12的转矩设定为用于使车辆在EV行驶模式下行驶的转矩。在这种情况下,当发动机1的起动标志设定为ON状态时,离合器转矩增大,并且用于启动发动机1的转矩作为负载而增加,所以第二电动机12的输出转矩增大以便保持在驱动轮2处的驱动转矩。
由于离合器转矩在t12正时减小,第二电动机12的输出转矩也相应地减小。在发动机转速Ne已经达到点火许可转速Nei的t13正时,离合器转矩增大,第二电动机12的输出转矩一起增大。图7显示在t14正时离合器转矩增大到用于完全接合的离合器转矩,并且同时,第二电动机12的输出转矩减小。第二电动机12的输出转矩的减小是由于车辆的行驶模式转换成混合动力模式引起的减小。
因此,当如图5、图6或图7所示地控制第一电动机10或第二电动机12的转矩时,能够防止或抑制由于离合器转矩的变化导致的驱动转矩的波动。结果,能够防止或抑制车辆的无意的减速或加速,所以能够提高驾驶性能。
当本发明应用于用于包括减小由于离合器转矩的波动导致的驱动转矩的波动的电动机的车辆的控制系统时,车辆的传动系的配置并不局限于上述图8中所示的配置,而是可以如下配置。图11显示传动系的配置的一个例子。在这个例子中,离合器10布置在发动机(ENG)100和电动机101之间,并且变速机(T/M)102联接至电动机(MG)101的输出侧。在图12所示的例子中,第一电动机(MG)111联接到发动机(ENG)110的输出侧,第二电动机(MG)112经由离合器K20联接到第一电动机111,且变速机(T/M)113联接到第二电动机112的输出侧。包括这些传动系中的任何一个的车辆还能够在停止发动机100或发动机110的操作并释放离合器K10或离合器K20时行驶,并且还能够在所谓EV行驶模式下的行驶期间通过如上所述地控制离合器K10或离合器K20来起动发动机100或发动机110。能够通过如上所述地控制MG转矩与对离合器K10或离合器K20的控制一起来抑制驱动转矩的无意的波动。
图13显示传动系的例子,其中,在上述图8中所示的配置中,第二电动机12联接到动力分配机构3的行星齿轮架6,则因此省掉了减速机构13。包括这样的传动系的车辆还能够在停止发动机1的操作并释放离合器K0时行驶,并且能够在所谓EV行驶模式下行驶时通过如上所述的控制离合器K0来起动发动机1。能够通过如上所述地控制MG转矩与对离合器K0的控制一起来抑制驱动转矩的无意的波动。
图14显示在本发明适用于的车辆中的多轴驱动桥的例子。在这个例子中,转矩从动力分配机构3经由输出齿轮11传递至副轴30,并且转矩从副轴30经由差速器31输出到驱动轮2。也就是,如图14所示,副轴30布置为与动力分配机构3的中心轴或输入轴7平行,与副轴30成一体的反转从动齿轮32与输出齿轮11啮合。安装在第二电动机12的转子轴33上的齿轮34与反转从动齿轮32啮合,并且将第二电动机12的转矩传递至副轴30。反转驱动齿轮35设置在副轴30上以便一体地旋转,并且反转驱动齿轮35与差速器31中的内啮合齿轮36啮合。转矩从差速器31传递至左右驱动轮2。其他配置与在图8中所示的配置相似,所以图14中的相同的附图标记指代与图8中的那些相同的部件,并省略其描述。

Claims (12)

1.一种控制系统,包括:
发动机,其配置为通过发动机启动来起动;
离合器,其配置为当接合时将启动转矩传递至所述发动机,所述离合器配置为连续改变其传递的转矩容量;以及
电子控制单元,其配置为在行驶期间所述发动机的运转停止的状态下,通过将所述离合器设定为半接合状态来启动所述发动机,所述半接合状态是所述离合器带滑动地接合的状态,
所述电子控制单元配置为,在所述发动机的转速已经达到点火许可转速或更高之后,将所述离合器的所述传递的转矩容量增大到满足以下条件i)和ii)的传递的转矩容量:
ⅰ)所述传递的转矩容量比所述发动机的所述转速已经达到所述点火许可转速之前的传递的转矩容量大;以及
ii)所述传递的转矩容量允许所述离合器保持在所述半接合状态下。
2.根据权利要求1所述的控制系统,其中
当所述发动机的所述转速落在作为比所述点火许可转速低的预定区域的共振区域内时,所述电子控制单元配置为将所述传递的转矩容量设定为满足以下条件iii)和iv)的传递的转矩容量:
iii)所述传递的转矩容量允许所述离合器保持在所述半接合状态下;以及
iv)所述传递的转矩容量比在当所述发动机的所述转速增大到超出所述共振区域并且比所述点火许可转速低时的传递的转矩容量大。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的控制系统,进一步包括直接联接到驱动轮的电动机,所述驱动轮配置为使得驱动转矩从所述发动机传递到所述驱动轮,其中
所述离合器布置为使得将所述驱动转矩从所述发动机传递到所述驱动轮或中断从所述发动机至所述驱动轮的所述驱动转矩的传递,并且
所述电子控制单元配置为,当所述离合器的传递的转矩容量改变时,控制所述电动机的转矩,以便抑制由于所述传递的转矩容量的变化导致的在所述驱动轮处的转矩的变化。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的控制系统,进一步包括:
电动机,其经由所述离合器联接至所述发动机的输出侧;以及
变速机构,其联接至所述电动机的输出侧,所述变速机构配置为改变其速度比。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的控制系统,进一步包括:
电动机,其经由所述离合器联接至所述发动机的输出侧;以及
变速机构,其经由所述离合器联接至所述电动机的输出侧,所述变速机构配置为改变其速度比。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的控制系统,进一步包括:
变速机构,其包括用作输入元件、输出元件和反作用元件的至少三个旋转元件,所述旋转元件配置为使得所述旋转元件中的一个的转速基于其它两个旋转元件的转速而确定;以及
第一电动机,其联接至所述反作用元件,其中
所述发动机经由所述离合器联接至所述输入元件。
7.根据权利要求6所述的控制系统,进一步包括:
第二电动机,其联接至所述反作用元件。
8.根据权利要求3所述的控制系统,进一步包括:
变速机构,其配置为将转矩输出至所述驱动轮,所述变速机构配置为改变其速度比,其中
所述电动机联接至所述变速机构的输入侧,并且所述发动机经由所述离合器联接至所述电动机。
9.根据权利要求3所述的控制系统,进一步包括:
变速机构,其配置为将转矩输出至所述驱动轮,所述变速机构配置为改变其速度比,其中
所述电动机包括:
第一电动机,其布置在所述发动机和所述离合器之间;以及
第二电动机,其布置在所述离合器和所述变速机构之间,并且
当所述离合器的所述传递的转矩容量改变时,如下的电动机是所述第二电动机:其被控制以便抑制作为所述传递的转矩容量的变化的结果的在所述驱动轮处的转矩的变化。
10.根据权利要求3所述的控制系统,进一步包括:
变速机构,其包括用作输入元件、输出元件和反作用元件的至少三个旋转元件,所述旋转元件配置为使得所述旋转元件中的一个的转速基于其它两个旋转元件的转速而确定,其中
所述电动机联接至所述反作用元件,并且
所述发动机经由所述离合器联接至所述输入元件。
11.根据权利要求3所述的控制系统,进一步包括:
变速机构,其包括用作输入元件、输出元件和反作用元件的至少三个旋转元件,所述旋转元件配置为使得所述旋转元件中的一个的转速基于其它两个旋转元件的转速而确定,其中
多个所述电动机包括:
第一电动机,其联接至所述反作用元件;以及
第二电动机,其联接至所述输出元件,
所述发动机经由所述离合器联接至所述输入元件,并且
当所述离合器的所述传递的转矩容量改变时,如下的电动机是所述第二电动机:其被控制以便抑制作为所述传递的转矩容量的变化的结果的在所述驱动轮处的转矩的变化。
12.一种用于车辆的控制方法,所述车辆包括发动机、离合器和电子控制单元,所述发动机配置为通过发动机启动来起动,所述离合器配置为当接合时将启动转矩传递至所述发动机,所述离合器配置为使得连续改变其传递的转矩容量,所述控制方法包括:
在行驶期间所述发动机的运转停止的状态下,由所述电子控制单元,通过将所述离合器设定在半接合状态下来启动所述发动机,所述半接合状态是所述离合器带滑动地接合的状态;以及,
在所述发动机的转速已经达到点火许可转速或更高之后,由所述电子控制单元将所述离合器的所述传递的转矩容量增大到满足以下条件i)和ii)的传递的转矩容量:
ⅰ)所述传递的转矩容量比所述发动机的所述转速已经达到所述点火许可转速之前的传递的转矩容量大;以及
ii)所述传递的转矩容量允许所述离合器保持在所述半接合状态下。
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