CN106080586A - 混合动力车的控制装置 - Google Patents

混合动力车的控制装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106080586A
CN106080586A CN201610268945.0A CN201610268945A CN106080586A CN 106080586 A CN106080586 A CN 106080586A CN 201610268945 A CN201610268945 A CN 201610268945A CN 106080586 A CN106080586 A CN 106080586A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
power
electromotor
value
motor
exportable
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CN201610268945.0A
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English (en)
Inventor
青木孝典
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K25/00—Auxiliary drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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Abstract

本发明提供一种混合动力车的控制装置。在能够从蓄电装置输出的功率大的情况下，延迟发动机的启动而尽量使EV模式继续，来谋求电力的有效利用。求出发动机的启动所需的功率、混合动力车的驾驶员的要求功率、由辅机类消耗的功率以及能够从蓄电装置输出的可输出功率(步骤S1)，并求出第1修正值(步骤S2)，通过从能够从蓄电装置输出的可输出功率减去发动机的启动所需的功率、由辅机类消耗的功率以及第1修正值，来求出发动机启动用的第1阈值(步骤S3)，所述第1修正值是所求出的可输出功率越大则被设为越小的值、且可输出功率越小则被设为越大的值的正的值或负的值，所述第1阈值是可输出功率越大则越大的值。

Description

混合动力车的控制装置
技术领域
本发明涉及以具备发动机和马达的混合动力车为对象的控制装置，尤其涉及进行在仅通过马达的动力行驶的期间启动发动机的控制的控制装置。
背景技术
在专利文献1中记载了在混合动力车仅以马达的驱动力行驶着的所谓的EV行驶(电动行驶)的状态下启动发动机的装置。作为该混合动力车的一例，记载了如下混合动力车，该混合动力车构成为，将发动机和第1马达连结于由差动机构构成的动力分配机构，将发动机所输出的驱动力从动力分配机构向输出部件输出，并且由发动机驱动第1马达而使第1马达作为发电机发挥功能。在该混合动力车中，在输出部件连结有第2马达，利用第1马达发电得到的电力将第2马达作为马达而驱动。
在专利文献1记载的混合动力车中，在使发动机的运转停止了的状态下，利用蓄电装置的电力使第2马达作为马达而发挥功能，由此成为利用电力进行行驶的模式(EV模式)或电动汽车。在仅将马达作为驱动力源的状态下所得到的驱动力在驾驶员大幅地进行了加速操作的情况下相对于要求驱动力而言可输出的驱动力会不足，所以在这样的情况下，使经由动力分配机构与发动机连结的第1马达作为马达向正方向(发动机常规运转时的旋转方向)旋转，启动发动机。即，通过第1马达向正方向旋转而输出转矩，在动力分配机构中，正方向的转矩作用于连结有发动机的旋转要素，能够提升发动机的转速。另外，在该情况下，负转矩(阻止旋转的方向的转矩)作用于连结有输出部件的旋转要素。因此，在启动发动机时，混合动力车的驱动转矩因第1马达的输出转矩而减少。因此，在上述结构的混合动力车中，在正在以EV模式行驶(EV行驶)时启动发动机的情况下，为了抑制驱动力的降低而使第2马达的输出转矩增大。
于是，在专利文献1记载的装置中，将从二次电池的输出限制减去发动机的启动所需的功率和如下余裕值(margin)而得到的功率值设定为阈值，在要求功率超过了该阈值的情况下启动发动机，所述余裕值是电池的输出限制越大则越大且车速越高则越小的值。
另外，在专利文献2中记载了如下装置，该装置构成为，利用蓄电装置的电力使上述第2马达作为马达发挥功能而进行EV行驶，在此时要求功率超过了阈值的情况下，启动发动机。在专利文献2记载的发明中，该阈值设定为从蓄电装置的被限制的输出上限值减去发动机启动所需的功率和预定的余裕值而得到的功率。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开2011-73564号公报
专利文献2：日本特开2013-86704号公报
在专利文献1记载的装置中，由于从电池的被限制的输出上限值(输出限制)减去的余裕值被设定为在输出上限值越大时则越大，所以在输出上限值大、且电池的输出存在余裕的状态下，阈值变小。因此，会在要求转矩小的状态下启动发动机，进行EV行驶的区域(频度或机会)变少而无法有效使用电力，进而混合动力车的燃料经济性的提高有可能受到制约。
另外，根据专利文献2记载的装置，由于在电力存在余裕的状态下启动发动机，所以能够抑制与发动机的启动相伴的冲击发生恶化等事态。然而，由于尽管电力存在余裕而能够进行EV行驶，却仍启动发动机，所以EV模式的区域(频度或机会)减少，有可能无法有效或高效地使用电力。若为了消除这样的不利情形而在启动发动机时减少相对于输出上限值的余裕，则虽然能够增大EV行驶的区域(频度会机会)，但另一方面，在低车速时或高车速时会发生电力不足，驱动转矩随着发动机的启动而变化，这成为冲击的原因、或有可能产生所谓的进展迟缓的感觉。
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
本发明是着眼于上述的技术问题而做出的，其目的在于提供如下控制装置，该控制装置以具有经由动力分配机构连结的发动机和第1马达、以及与动力分配机构的输出要素连结的第2马达的混合动力车作为对象，在从正在以这两个马达的动力行驶的状态下启动发动机的情况下，能够增大以这两个马达的动力行驶的频度或机会而有效利用电力，且能够抑制与发动机的启动相伴的冲击等违和感。
用于解决问题的手段
为了达到上述目的，本发明涉及一种混合动力车的控制装置，所述混合动力车具有经由动力分配机构连结的发动机和第1马达、与动力分配机构的输出要素连结的第2马达、连接有所述第1马达和所述第2马达的蓄电装置、阻止所述发动机的反转的接合机构、以及辅机类，并能够在由所述接合机构阻止了所述发动机的反转的状态下通过所述第1马达和所述第2马达所输出的驱动力来进行电动行驶，所述控制装置，进行在混合动力车正在进行所述电动行驶的状态下使所述发动机启动的控制，所述控制装置的特征在于，具有控制所述发动机的控制器，所述控制器构成为，求出所述发动机的启动所需的功率、基于所述混合动力车的驾驶员的加减速操作的要求功率、由所述辅机类消耗的功率、以及能够从所述蓄电装置输出的可输出功率，并求出第1修正值，通过从能够从所述蓄电装置输出的可输出功率减去所述发动机的启动所需的功率、由所述辅机类消耗的功率以及所述第1修正值，来求出所述可输出功率越大则值越大的第1阈值，所述控制器在所述电动行驶期间，在所述要求功率超过了所述第1阈值的情况下，启动所述发动机，所述第1修正值是所求出的所述可输出功率越大则被设为越小、且所述可输出功率越小则越被设为越大的正的值或负的值。
在本发明中，也可以是，所述控制器构成为，还求出第2修正值，使所述第1阈值的值与所述第2修正值的值相应地减少来求出第2阈值，在切换成了能够从所述蓄电装置对所述第1马达和所述第2马达供给电力的状态之后最初使所述发动机启动的情况下，在所述要求功率超过了所述第2阈值时使所述发动机启动，所述第2修正值是所述发动机的温度越低则被设为越大的值。
发明的效果
根据本发明，在通过第1马达和第2马达所输出的驱动力来进行电动行驶的状态下，若基于驾驶员的加减速操作的要求功率超过第1阈值，则使在电动行驶时一直停止的发动机启动。该第1阈值被设为从能够从蓄电装置输出的可输出功率减去由辅机类消耗的功率、且减去第1修正值而得到的值。该第1修正值被设为，所述可输出功率越大则越小(正的小或负的大)且所述可输出功率越小则越大(正的大或负的小)的值。
因此，由于在能够从蓄电装置输出的可输出功率大的情况下，与该可输出功率小的情况相比，第1阈值成为较大的值，所以在所述可输出功率大的情况下，不执行发动机的启动而直到要求功率变大，维持电动行驶。其结果，进行电动行驶的驱动状态的区域或进行电动行驶的频度或机会增大，能够有效利用电力。另外，在能够从蓄电装置输出的可输出功率小的情况下，阈值成为小的值，所以在要求功率小的状态下启动发动机。因此，在驱动第1马达和第2马达的功率具有余裕的状态下进行发动机的启动，能够避免或抑制驱动力不足、或产生冲击等事态。
另外，在切换为了能够从蓄电装置向第1马达和第2马达供给电力的状态后，即混合动力车切换为所谓的准备就绪(Ready-On)状态后，在最初启动发动机的情况下，若发动机的温度低，则以要求功率超过第2阈值作为条件来启动发动机。该第2阈值是从前述的第1阈值减去第2修正值而得到的阈值，该第2修正值在发动机的温度越低时则被设定为越大的值。因此，发动机的温度越低，则第2阈值成为越小的值。其结果，即使通过如前所述那样根据能够从蓄电装置输出的可输出功率来设定判定发动机的启动的第1阈值，从而将进行电动行驶的区域向高功率侧扩大，但在发动机的温度低的情况下，用于启动发动机的阈值根据发动机温度而变小，所以能够避免或抑制发动机的启动的延迟、驱动力的不足或冲击等。
附图说明
图1是用于说明在本发明的实施例中执行的控制的一例的流程图。
图2是示意性地表示确定有第1修正值的映射的一例的图。
图3是一并记载有第1阈值和等功率线的线图。
图4是用于说明由本发明的实施例中执行的另一控制例的流程图。
图5是示意性地表示确定有第2修正值的映射的一例的图。
图6是表示在本发明的实施例中作为对象的混合动力车中的传动系统的一例的框架图。
图7是表示关于构成动力分配机构的行星齿轮机构的HV模式下的动作状态的列线图。
图8是表示关于构成动力分配机构的行星齿轮机构的EV模式下的动作状态的列线图。
具体实施方式
在本发明的实施例中作为对象的混合动力车具备发动机和马达作为驱动力源，是也能够仅利用马达的驱动力来行驶的混合动力车，其传动系统的一例示意性地示于图6。在图6中，发动机(ENG)1和第1马达(MG1)2与动力分配机构3连结。动力分配机构3是通过三个旋转要素来实现差动作用的机构，在图6所示的例子中采用了行星齿轮机构。第1旋转要素(例如齿轮架4)经由扭转振动降低用的弹簧缓冲机构5而连结有发动机1。另外，第2旋转要素(例如太阳轮6)连结有第1马达(第1电动发电机：MG1)2。第3旋转要素(例如齿圈7)作为输出部件与输出齿轮8一体化。
发动机1是多汽缸的往复式发动机，设置有阻止其输出轴(曲轴)9反转的单向离合器10。该单向离合器10是用于在第1电动发电机2输出用于行驶的转矩(负旋转方向的转矩)时，阻止发动机1反转而对齿轮架4施加反作用力转矩的部件。
弹簧缓冲机构5是通过朝向旋转方向配置的螺旋弹簧将被传递发动机1的转矩的驱动侧部件和连结于齿轮架4的从动侧部件相连结的周知的结构的缓冲机构。第1电动发电机2是具有发电功能的马达，经由动力分配机构3而被传递发动机1的动力的一部分，并且将与发电相伴的负转矩(阻止旋转的方向的转矩)传递到太阳轮6而适当控制发动机转速。
输出齿轮8连结有副轴从动齿轮11，与该副轴从动齿轮11设置在同轴上的副轴传动齿轮12与差动齿轮13中的齿圈14啮合。另外，安装于第2马达(第2电动发电机：MG2)15的转子轴的传动齿轮16与副轴从动齿轮11啮合。即，构成为将第2电动发电机15的转矩加到从输出齿轮8向驱动轮17传递的转矩中，或自从输出齿轮8向驱动轮17传递的转矩中减去第2电动发电机15的转矩。第2电动发电机15与前述的第1电动发电机2同样地，是具有发电功能的马达，能够输出正转矩和负转矩。
此外，各电动发电机2、15与具有变换器、蓄电装置的电源部18连接。而且，设置有控制发动机1的起动、停止、或者转矩，另外还控制各电动发电机2、15的转矩等的电子控制装置(ECU)19。ECU19以微型计算机作为主体而构成，构成为使用被输入的数据和/或所存储的数据来进行运算，将运算结果作为控制指令信号而向发动机1、电源部18等输出。举出其控制所使用的输入数据的例子，有：车速V、各马达2、15的转速N2、N15、各马达2、15的电流值(或者转矩)I2、I15、能够从蓄电装置输出的可输出功率(电力)Wout、驾驶员进行加减速操作的加速器踏板(未图示)的开度Acc、发动机1的温度(发动机水温)Teng、由辅机类消耗的功率PA等。另外，预先存储有用于基于加速器开度来求出要求驱动力(或者要求功率PD)的映射、决定了发动机启动判定用的阈值的设定中所使用的各种修正值(余裕(margin))的映射、或者发动机1的启动所需的功率PE等。
上述混合动力车能够执行通过发动机1所输出的动力而行驶的模式(HV模式)和通过电源部18的电力驱动马达而行驶的模式(EV模式)。对各模式进行简单说明，图7是表示HV模式下的动力分配机构3的动作状态的列线图，通过发动机1向齿轮架4传递正旋转方向的转矩，与此相对，因第1电动发电机2作为发电机发挥作用而产生的负转矩(减少转速的方向的转矩)作用于太阳轮6，并且与行驶阻力相伴的负转矩作用于齿圈7。即，发动机1所输出的动力通过动力分配机构3而分配给第1电动发电机2和输出齿轮8。并且，通过第1电动发电机2将发动机1的转速控制成燃料经济性良好的转速。另一方面，由第1电动发电机2发电得到的电力被供给到第2电动发电机15，从而第2电动发电机15作为马达发挥作用，通过第1电动发电机2转换成电力的动力再次转换为机械动力。即，将第2电动发电机15所输出的转矩加到从输出齿轮8输出的转矩中。
EV模式是以第1电动发电机2和第2电动发电机15作为驱动力源的行驶模式，利用从电源部18的蓄电装置输出的电力，将各电动发电机2、15作为马达而驱动，利用其输出转矩来行驶。图8是EV模式下的动力分配机构3的动作状态的列线图，第1电动发电机2和第2电动发电机15分别作为马达发挥作用，第1电动发电机2向负旋转方向输出正转矩(使转速增大的转矩)，第2电动发电机15向正旋转方向输出正转矩。在该情况下，发动机1及与其连结的齿轮架4的负旋转方向(与发动机1常规旋转的方向相反的方向)的旋转被单向离合器10阻止，因此利用第1电动发电机2的转矩对齿圈7施加正旋转方向的转矩。这样，混合动力车利用这两个电动发电机2、15的驱动力而前进行驶。此外，在制动时，第2电动发电机15进行发电，此时的负转矩(阻止旋转的方向的转矩)作为制动转矩发挥作用，发电得到的电力被充电到蓄电装置。另外，在EV模式下，也可以仅将第2电动发电机15作为驱动力源。这样，仅利用电动发电机2、15的驱动力行驶的状态是本发明的实施例中的电动行驶的状态。
混合动力车通过使用蓄电装置的电力，能够抑制燃料的消耗而提高燃料经济性。另一方面，蓄电装置的电力用于发动机1启动用的马达起转(motoring)、驱动空调装置等辅机类或电池温度调整装置等。另外，考虑到控制性或者耐久性等要求而限制蓄电装置的充电量、放电量。因此，蓄电装置用于使这些要求、限制同时成立，例如在电动行驶状态下启动发动机1的情况下，进行以下所说明的控制。
图1是用于说明由本发明的实施例中的控制装置执行的发动机启动控制的一例的流程图，此处所示的例程在混合动力车的行驶模式成为了以第1电动发电机2和第2电动发电机15作为驱动力源行驶的EV模式时执行。首先，读入各种数据(步骤S1)。此处读入的数据是启动发动机1所需的功率PE、能够由蓄电装置输出的功率Wout、由辅机类消耗或者要求的功率PA、以及基于驾驶员的加减速操作的要求功率PD等。
接着，求出修正值ΔP(步骤S2)。该修正值是用于将能够从蓄电装置输出的功率(以下，记为可输出功率)Wout反映到对发动机1的启动进行判定的阈值的修正值，能够基于实验等在设计上、通过映射等形式预先准备。将该映射的例子示意性地示于图2。图2所示的例子是横轴取可输出功率Wout、纵轴取修正值ΔP来进行表示的例子，被设定成，可输出功率Wout越大，则作为相减值是越小的值，作为相加值是越大的值。
在此处所说明的实施例中，由于通过减法算式求出阈值，所以在图2所示的例子中，构成为在可输出功率Wout大的情况下比在可输出功率Wout小的情况下小的值(负的绝对值大的值)。即，修正值根据可输出功率Wout而取使阈值增大的值和使阈值减少的值。此外，与各可输出功率Wout对应的修正值以增大阈值而使得能够设定EV模式的行驶区域或者频度或者机会增大的方式适当设定即可。因此，如图2所示，可以以在预定的小的可输出功率以下为正的一定值、另外在预定的大的可输出功率以上为负的一定值的方式设定，或者也可以构成为按每个可输出功率Wout而不同的值、或取与可输出功率Wout成比例的值。
接着，设定阈值PC(步骤S3)。阈值PC是用于判定是否在以EV模式行驶的期间启动发动机1的阈值，通过从可输出功率Wout减去发动机1的启动所需的功率PE、由辅机类消耗或者要求的功率PA、以及上述的修正值ΔP而求出。PC＝Wout-PE-PA-ΔP。修正值ΔP如前所述，在可输出功率Wout大的情况下为负的值，所以在算出阈值PC时，成为将修正值ΔP与可输出功率Wout相加。
将这样求出的阈值PC的例子示意性地示于图3。图3中，以横轴取未图示的驱动轴等输出部件的转速Np、纵轴取该输出部件的转矩Tp，例示了可输出功率Wout1、Wout2(＜Wout1)、Wout3(＜Wout2)和分别与之对应的阈值PC1、PC2、PC3。在可输出功率Wout大(Wout1)的情况下，修正值ΔP变小而取负的值，并且其绝对值变大，所以阈值PC1成为大的值而由在表示可输出功率Wout1的等功率线的高功率侧画出的线表示。另外，在可输出功率Wout小(Wout3)的情况下，修正值ΔP成为大的值而取负的值但其绝对值变小，或者取正的值，所以阈值PC3成为小的值而由在表示可输出功率Wout3的等功率线的低功率侧以大幅离开的方式画出的线表示。在可输出功率Wout为中等程度(Wout2)的情况下，修正值ΔP成为中等程度，所以阈值PC2由与表示可输出功率Wout2的等功率线接近地画出的线、或者重合地画出的线表示。即，可输出功率Wout为中等程度的情况下的可输出功率Wout与阈值PC的偏差构成为，与可输出功率Wout大的情况、以及小的情况下的所述偏差相比较小。
判断基于驾驶员的加减速操作的要求功率PD是否超过了如上所述那样设定的阈值PC(步骤S4)。要求功率PD可以基于要求驱动力和车速V求出，其算出可以是以往已知的运算，所述要求驱动力例如根据车速V和加速器开度ACC来求出。在因要求功率PD超过了阈值PC而在步骤S4中判断为是的情况下，启动发动机1(步骤S5)，并返回。具体而言，利用第1电动发电机2产生正旋转方向的转矩，为了抵消该转矩对齿圈7向负旋转方向作用的转矩而增大第2电动发电机15的正旋转方向的转矩。
根据前述的图7或图8的列线图可知，若在使增大第2电动发电机15的转矩而维持着齿圈7的转速的状态下通过第1电动发电机2减小太阳轮6的负旋转方向的转速、或者向正旋转方向增大转速，则可提升与齿轮架4连结的发动机1的转速，可执行发动机1的马达起转(曲轴起转，cranking)。在该情况下，与EV行驶期间同样地，为了使得各电动发电机2、15作为马达发挥作用而在各电动发电机2、15流有大的电流，所以如图1所示的发动机启动控制以电动发电机2、15、电源部18等不存在热的制约或温度上的制约作为前提条件而执行。此外，在因要求功率PD为阈值PC以下而在步骤S4中判断为否的情况下，继续EV模式(步骤S6)，并返回。
因此，根据上述的图1所示的控制，用于在EV行驶状态下启动发动机1的阈值PC在可输出功率Wout大的情况下，被设定为大的值。因此，使EV模式继续、并将蓄电装置的电力用于行驶，直到例如加速器开度ACC变大而要求功率PD成为大的值。即，将所储蓄的电力用于行驶的比例或频度增大，谋求电力的有效利用。另外，由于充分具有用于驱动各电动发电机2、15的功率(电力)，所以能够使发动机1的转速迅速增大，另外抑制驱动转矩的不足，从而平滑地启动发动机1。
与此相对，在可输出功率Wout降低了的情况下，阈值PC成为小的值，所以EV模式的持续时间或机会降低，但由于在残留有可输出功率的状态下马达起转发动机1，所以不会招致驱动力的不足、冲击等，能够平滑地启动发动机1。若可输出功率Wout为中等程度，则不会在要求功率PD小的阶段启动发动机1，所以能够增大EV模式的持续时间、机会，并且不会使EV模式持续到要求功率变得特别大，所以能够不招致驱动力不足等事态地启动发动机1。
接着，对本发明的实施例中的控制的另一例进行说明。若在进行EV行驶的状态下要求功率增大，则会为了充分满足驱动要求而启动发动机1。在该情况下，由于通过启动发动机1而产生驱动力来充分满足驱动要求，所以若发动机1的启动产生延迟，则有时会产生驱动力的不足和/或与之相伴的所谓的进展迟缓的感觉。对于发动机1的启动的延迟，若进行发动机启动的判定的阈值适当，则可充分确保马达起转用的功率和/或用于抵消与马达起转相伴的反作用力的功率，所以一般不会发生发动机1的启动的延迟，但在发动机1的温度低等特殊的状况下，发动机启动会产生延迟。于是，在本发明的实施例中，进行以下的控制。
图4是用于说明该控制例的流程图，能够构成为在前述的图1所示的步骤S2中同时执行的子例程。首先，判断发动机1的启动是否为初次(步骤S21)。“初次”是指在成为了能够从蓄电装置向各电动发电机2、15供给电力的状态(准备就绪(Ready-On)状态)后的第1次的发动机启动判断。在该步骤S21中判断为否的情况下，不特别地进行控制而是返回。与此相对，在步骤S21中判断为是的情况下，求出基于发动机1的温度的第2修正值ΔP2(步骤S22)。第2修正值ΔP2是用于在因发动机1为低温而推定为启动需要花费时间的情况下、用于在能够从蓄电装置输出的可输出功率Wout具有余裕的状态下进行发动机1的启动的修正值，是用于将参照前述的图1而说明的阈值PC修正为小的值的修正值。具体而言，基于图5所示的预先准备的映射而求出。
图5所示的映射是按发动机1的每个温度Teng设定有第2修正值ΔP2的映射，构成为，若发动机温度Teng为比0℃低的预定的温度以上，则采用预定的一定值，另外若为比该预定的温度低的低温，则在为越低的低温时则成为越大的值。该映射是设定了用于避免发动机1的启动的延迟的修正值的映射，发动机1的启动的延迟可通过身体感受得到，所以上述的映射或修正值ΔP2可根据实验、模拟等而预先设定。此外，发动机1的温度Teng可以由发动机水温代替。
接着，使用上述的第2修正值ΔP2来求出第2阈值P2C(步骤S23)，并返回。第2阈值P2C是考虑发动机1的温度Teng而对考虑可输出功率Wout而得到的所述的第1阈值PC进行修正而得到的阈值，具体而言，通过从前述的第1阈值PC减去所述第2修正值ΔP2而求出。P2C＝PC-ΔP2
因此，在图1所示的步骤S3中，构成为进行PC＝Wout-PE-PA-ΔP-ΔP2的运算，且在发动机1的启动为初次的情况下，从图5所示的映射读取第2修正值ΔP2，除此之外将第2修正值ΔP2设为零(ΔP2＝0)。
因此，在发动机1的温度低的情况下，第2修正值ΔP2成为大的值，所以判定发动机1的启动的阈值P2C成为小的值。因此，成为在要求功率小的状态下启动发动机1。即，即使可输出功率Wout小也以相对于发动机1的启动所需的功率具有余裕的状态启动发动机1，所以能够迅速启动发动机1，并避免或抑制产生所谓的进展迟缓的感觉等违和感。
此外，本发明不限于上述的实施例，阻止发动机1反转的接合机构也可以代替单向离合器而设为多片离合器、啮合离合器。另外，动力分配机构除了是由齿轮构成的机构以外，也可以是由滚子(roller)构成的机构。并且，本发明能够在权利要求书所记载的结构的范围内适当地变更。
附图标记说明
1…发动机(ENG)、2…第1马达(MG1)、3…动力分配机构、4…第1旋转要素(齿轮架)、5…弹簧缓冲机构、6…第2旋转要素(太阳轮)、7…第3旋转要素(齿圈)、8…输出齿轮、10…单向离合器、15…第2马达(第2电动发电机：MG2)、18…电源部、19…电子控制装置(ECU)。

Claims (3)

1.一种混合动力车的控制装置，所述混合动力车具有经由动力分配机构连结的发动机和第1马达、与动力分配机构的输出要素连结的第2马达、连接有所述第1马达和所述第2马达的蓄电装置、阻止所述发动机的反转的接合机构、以及辅机类，并能够在由所述接合机构阻止了所述发动机的反转的状态下通过所述第1马达和第2马达所输出的驱动力来进行电动行驶，所述控制装置，进行在所述混合动力车正在进行所述电动行驶的状态下使所述发动机启动的控制，
所述控制装置的特征在于，
具有控制所述发动机的控制器，所述控制器构成为，求出所述发动机的启动所需的功率、基于所述混合动力车的驾驶员的加减速操作的要求功率、由所述辅机类消耗的功率、以及能够从所述蓄电装置输出的可输出功率，并求出第1修正值，通过从能够从所述蓄电装置输出的可输出功率减去所述发动机的启动所需的功率、由所述辅机类消耗的功率以及所述第1修正值，来求出所述可输出功率越大则值越大的第1阈值，所述控制器在所述电动行驶期间，在所述要求功率超过了所述第1阈值的情况下，启动所述发动机，所述第1修正值是所求出的所述可输出功率越大则被设为越小、且所述可输出功率越小则被设为越大的值。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车的控制装置，其特征在于，
所述控制器构成为，还求出第2修正值，使所述第1阈值的值与所述第2修正值的值相应地减少来求出第2阈值，在切换成了能够从所述蓄电装置对所述第1马达和第2马达供给电力的状态之后最初使所述发动机启动的情况下，在所述要求功率超过了所述第2阈值时使所述发动机启动，所述第2修正值是所述发动机的温度越低则被设为越大的值。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合动力车的控制装置，其特征在于，
所述第1修正值是正的值或负的值。
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