CN105565794A - 一种低导热镁铝尖晶石砖的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种低导热镁铝尖晶石砖的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105565794A
CN105565794A CN201510936752.3A CN201510936752A CN105565794A CN 105565794 A CN105565794 A CN 105565794A CN 201510936752 A CN201510936752 A CN 201510936752A CN 105565794 A CN105565794 A CN 105565794A
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brick
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陈俊红
封吉圣
贾元平
吴艳霞
朱波
郭玉涛
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Zibo Luzhong Refractory Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种低导热镁铝尖晶石砖的制备方法,其特征在于:低导热镁铝尖晶石砖由耐火层和隔热层组成,在1550~1750℃烧制而成。本发明制备的低导热镁铝尖晶石砖的耐火层为高纯镁铝尖晶石,具有的良好抗侵蚀、抗冲刷、抗热震、抗机械应力的高温力学性能,隔热层为镁铁复合橄榄石,不但具有优异的高温性能,同时具有低的导热系数,由于镁橄榄石和铁橄榄石的复合,使得隔热层与耐火层的热膨胀系数实现了平缓过渡,结合强度高,也实现了高导热性向低导热性平缓过渡,降低热耗。

Description

一种低导热镁铝尖晶石砖的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种回转窑用耐火材料,属于耐火材料制备技术领域。该材料由高纯镁铝尖晶石材料耐火层和镁铁复合橄榄石材料隔热层组成,具有优良的高温抗冲刷、抗侵蚀、及较低的导热系数等使用性能,适用于水泥回转窑、石灰回转窑及各种高温窑炉,以获得使用寿命长、节能降耗的效果。
背景技术
回转窑是水泥、石灰等生产过程的主要设备之一。
以水泥生产为例:
20世纪水泥工业有两次重大的技术突破,第一次是回转窑在世纪初得到全面推广,第二次是预分解技术的出现,大大提高了水泥窑的热效率和单机生产能力,促进了水泥工业向大型化、现代化的发展,相应也大大促进了与水泥工业相配套的耐火材料的发展。上世纪初至50年代是以粘土、高铝质耐火材料来满足以湿法窑为主的传统回转窑的生产和发展,50年代以后,在对上述材料的性能进一步完善和提高的基础上,陆续出现了镁质耐火材料来适应悬浮预热、预分解窑技术的发展,并随预分解窑技术进展而不断改进。
目前,我国水泥回转窑用耐火材料的配置情况见附图1。
我国水泥回转窑用耐火材料的配置(按照预热带到烧成带顺序)基本为:抗剥落高铝砖/硅莫砖、镁铝尖晶石砖/硅莫红砖、镁铁铝尖晶石砖/镁铁尖晶石、镁铝尖晶石砖/硅莫红砖等。
在过渡带常用镁铝尖晶石砖或硅莫红砖砌筑,但是由于砌筑镁铝尖晶石砖的筒体温度较高,因此,我国回转窑在过渡带也常使用硅莫砖。相对于镁铝尖晶石砖,硅莫砖的导热率有所降低。
关于回转窑用耐火材料的导热率,我国企业所列指标以及国内文献的相关数据都欠严密,很多只是标出导热率数据,并未标注温度限定。为此,淄博市鲁中耐火材料有限公司委托国家建筑材料研究院将目前回转窑上应用的抗剥落高铝砖、硅莫砖以及镁铝尖晶石分别测试了350℃、700℃的导热系数,其指标如表1:
表1回转窑用的一些材料的导热系数
从表1看出,镁铝尖晶石砖和硅莫砖的导热系数还是比较高的,尽管相对于镁铝尖晶石砖,硅莫砖的导热系数已经大幅度降低。而耐火材料导热系数偏高,窑筒体散热损失大,这是导致水泥熟料热耗偏高的因素之一。
水泥窑过渡带是水泥回转窑中耐火材料使用条件最为苛刻的段带。该段带温度变化频繁,火焰时进时出,窑皮时挂时掉,窑衬材料常处于无窑皮保护状态,直接暴露在高温辐射和热气流冲刷之下。因此该段带窑衬材料既承受着熟料和碱化合物等造成的化学侵蚀、温度变化造成的热应力导致材料的热震剥落、物料的冲刷磨损和机械震动的机械应力。因此过渡带用低导热耐火材料必须首先具有良好的抗侵蚀性、抗冲刷、抗热震、抗机械应力等高温性能,在此基础上应具有尽可能低的导热系数。
目前在国外回转窑过渡带使用的主流材料基本上都是镁铝尖晶石砖,像RHI公司的ANKRAL-RE等。尽管这些材料的性能非常适合于过渡带的使用工况,但是其导热系数却是非常高,500℃的导热系数达到4.3w/m.k。这也是制约镁铝尖晶石砖应用的非常重要的一个因素。为降低筒体温度,我国在过渡带较多使用硅莫砖或硅莫红砖,其指标如表2(引自文献)。尽管硅莫砖的筒体温度较低,但是其性能却很难适应过渡带的工况。
表2硅莫砖与硅莫红砖理化指标
硅莫砖是以碳化硅和铝矾土为原料制备的耐火材料,碳化硅的引入主要由于其具有较好的耐碱侵蚀性,但是,碳化硅在使用温度下容易氧化转化为SiO2,因此,硅莫砖的热面,即与水泥物料接触的热面端中的碳化硅的存在量将是非常少的,也即是说,硅莫砖的热面实际是Al2O3-SiO2体系。而Al2O3-SiO2体系的材料在过渡带的使用是有其弱点的,如附图2。
从附图2中看出,化学成分位于Al2O3-SiO2边富Al2O3的一端,随着与CaO的反应量的增加,其液相含量不断增加,也就是说,只要与CaO接触,则会产生液相。而且随着液相的产生,则其化学反应则更加充分,这就是为什么硅莫砖用于过渡带,只要温度稍高、产生液相,则硅莫砖的损毁则非常快、非常严重的原因。
相比之下,基于MgO-Al2O3体系的镁铝尖晶石砖与CaO接触条件下的普适性、耐用性则强得多,这从附图3的相图即可看出。
此外,过渡带的温度较高,碱金属盐类基本上都处于液相状态,在材料中的渗透深度较深,而碱金属对硅莫砖的腐蚀是非常苛刻的,这也导致了硅莫砖没有镁铝尖晶石砖的普适性。
随着行业发展和进步,水泥回转窑作为协同处置的最佳环境,水泥回转窑的协同处置范围将越来越宽,由此也将导致窑内气氛、挥发性盐类浓度、碱硫比等的波动越来越频繁,材料的普适性将显得越来越关键。
基于上述因素,本技术发明立足于镁铝尖晶石体系,通过材料的复合,把控材料性能的缓冲,实现导热系数的有效降低。
高长贺等人研制出“一种高强低导镁铝尖晶石砖(CN201310240755)”其原料如下:粒度5mm~3mm的镁铝合成料20%~25%,粒度3mm~1mm的镁铝合成料20%~25%,粒度1mm~0mm的电熔镁砂12%~16%,粒度180F的电熔镁砂12%~16%,粒度180F的镁铝合成料10%~12%,粒度180F的电熔镁铝尖晶石4%~8%,α-Al2O3细粉为2%~5%,外加占上述原料总重3.5%~5%的木质素磺酸钙。该发明适用于水泥回转窑,具有优良的烧结性能、热震稳定性、抗侵蚀和防渗透性,可以取代传统的镁铝尖晶石重质材料,具有很好的经济效益和社会效益。该砖的导热系数为1.7W/(m·℃)~2.2(W/m·℃)。
王家邦等人研制出“一种镁铝尖晶石结构隔热一体化复合砖及制备方法(CN201010192161)”包括致密镁铝尖晶石的重质耐火层,以及以氧化铝空心球或铝镁空心球或刚玉空心球或三者混合为轻质骨料的轻质隔热层,采用震动加压或机压成型,重质耐火层与轻质隔热层的长度尺寸比例为1~5∶2~1。该发明克服回转窑用镁铝尖晶石砖导热系数大的缺点,提供一种具有耐磨性好、耐火度高、结构强度大及保温隔热性能优异的镁铝尖晶石结构隔热一体化复合砖。所述镁铝尖晶石耐火层的导热系数:2.7W/(m·K)~3.9W/(m·K);所述轻质隔热层的导热系数:0.6W/(m·K)~1.3W/(m·K);镁铝尖晶石耐火层与轻质隔热层的结合面为平面。
王杰曾等人研制出“方镁石-镁铝尖晶石复合耐火砖及其生产工艺(CN200810146977)”。其配比为:①耐火层:5mm~1mm镁砂29%~48%、3mm~1mm镁铝尖晶石7%~16%、1mm~0.088mm镁砂6%~20%、0.4mm~0.088mm脱硅锆细粒0~4%、<0.088mm镁砂16%~25%、<0.020mm镁砂微粉0~10%、<0.020mm脱硅锆微粉0~5%、<0.020mm碳酸钙微粉0~3%、<0.020mm氧化镧微粉0~6%、外加减水剂(磺化萘甲醛聚合物+磺化三聚氰胺聚合物+聚羧酸或其钠盐)0~0.3%;②隔热层:3.2mm~1.0mm镁砂0~20%、3.2mm~1.0m镁橄榄石35%~45%、1.0mm~0.088mm镁砂5%~15%、1.0mm~0.088mm镁橄榄石5%~15%、<0.088mm镁砂镁橄榄石的共磨粉30%~40%。该复合砖的耐火层与隔热层的结合面为锯齿状。经检测,耐火层的导热系数:3.7W/(m·K)~3.8W/(m·K),隔热层导热系数为1.6W/(m·K)~1.8W/(m·K)。该材料采用微粉技术提高了耐火层抗侵蚀性,并使耐火层的烧结温度和隔热层的烧结温度匹配,从而制造出具有良好耐高温、抗侵蚀、抗热震、隔热性能,适合用于水泥预分解窑的过渡带作为衬砖的方镁石-镁铝尖晶石碱性复合砖。
NAZIRIZADEHMORTEZA等人研制出“Magnesiaandspinelrefractorybrick(US4729974)”。一种镁铝尖晶石耐火砖,由烧结氧化镁和镁铝尖晶石以及可能高达3%的掺杂物构成。所述掺杂物为氧化钙、氧化铁、氧化硅。该耐火砖可承受1740℃的高温,特别适用于水泥回转窑。
HARAGUCHIJUNICHI等人研制出“ALUMINA-MAGNESIAREFRACTORYBRICK(JP2001158661)”。一种镁铝耐火砖,其表观气孔率不大于13%,具有优异的耐矿渣腐蚀性。该耐火砖由一到两种尖晶石熟料和氧化镁熟料制成。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种低导热镁铝尖晶石砖的制备方法。其技术方案为:
低导热镁铝尖晶石砖由耐火层和隔热层组成,在1550~1750℃烧制而成,具体步骤如下:
(1)耐火层原料的制备:将粒度小于5mm的烧结镁砂40%~70%、粒度小于3mm的电熔镁砂10%~40%、粒度小于4mm的镁铝尖晶石10%~20%、粒度小于2mm的刚玉质材料0%~10%、均匀混合制成耐火层原料混合粉体,然后以耐火层原料混合粉体为基准外加1%~5%奈系结合剂,均匀混合后制成耐火层原料;
(2)隔热层合成原料的制备:选用优质镁橄榄石40%~60%,铁橄榄石10%~40%,镁砂10%~50%均匀混合后,以混合粉体为基准加入1%~5%奈系结合剂,用摩擦压机成型110℃~150℃烘干后经过1000℃以上高温烧成得到骨料“复合镁铁橄榄石”原料;
将粒度小于5mm复合镁铁橄榄石作为单一原料,外加1%~5%奈系结合剂,均匀混合后制成隔热层原料;
(3)将上述耐火层原料和隔热层原料用波纹状的薄铁板分隔装入模具中,用压力机压制成低导热镁铝尖晶石砖,经110℃保温24小时干燥后在隧道窑1550℃~1750℃的温度下烧制成低导热镁铝尖晶石砖。
本发明专利与现有技术相比,其优点为:
1、低导热镁铝尖晶石砖是由耐火层和隔热层组成的,耐火层为高纯镁铝尖晶石质,隔热层为镁铁复合橄榄石质。耐火层保留了镁铝尖晶石砖所具有的良好抗侵蚀性、抗冲刷、抗热震、抗机械应力等高温力学性能,但导热系数较高,热损失较大。而隔热层保留了耐火层优异的高温力学性能的同时还具有比隔热层更低的导热系数;
2、隔热层是由镁橄榄石和铁橄榄石的复合,使铁橄榄石固溶在镁橄榄石内,形成了以镁橄榄石为主晶相的镁铁橄榄石固溶体,从常温到1890℃熔点下无晶型变化,在使用过程中体积稳定性好,导热系数低;
3、由于铁橄榄石固溶于镁橄榄石,使得隔热层与耐火层的热膨胀系数实现了平缓过渡,使得耐火层和隔热层两种不同禀性的材料得以牢固结合。低导热镁铝尖晶石砖的耐火层、隔热层以及二者结合处在1100℃和1400℃下的高温抗折强度。从表中可以看出,镁铝尖晶石质、镁铁橄榄石质以及二者结合处的强度非常接近的。热膨胀系数和导热系数如表4所示:
表3低导热镁铝尖晶石砖与镁铝尖晶石砖高温抗折强度对比
表4低导热镁铝尖晶石砖的理化指标
4、本发明制备的低导热镁铝尖晶石砖DDRMLJ-80与普通镁铝尖晶石砖及硅莫砖对比,减小了水泥回转窑窑体的负荷和机械应力,隔热层抗剥落能力提高,具有使用寿命长,水泥回转窑窑体的导热能力降低,筒体温度低,热损失大幅度下降,是目前水泥回转窑过渡带的理想材料。
附图说明:
图1为国内水泥回转窑耐火材料配置情况;图2为Al2O3-SiO2-CaO系相图;图3为MgO-Al2O3-CaO系相图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本实施例采用电熔与高纯复合原料,制作水泥窑过渡带用低导热镁铝尖晶石砖。其中各层材料的配方为:
耐火层:烧结镁砂粒度为5-0mm占总量的45%,镁铝尖晶石粒度为4-0mm占总量的10%。电熔镁砂粒度为3-0mm占总量的40%。刚玉粒度为2-0mm占总量的5%。
具体配比如下:
5-0mm烧结镁砂45%
4-0mm镁铝尖晶石10%
3-0mm电熔镁砂40%
2-0mm刚玉5%
上述原料经称量、混合、以奈系结合剂混炼后制成低导热镁铝尖晶石砖耐火层原料。
隔热层:选用优质镁橄榄石40%~60%,铁橄榄石10%~40%,镁砂10%~50%均匀混合后,以混合粉体为基准加入1%~5%奈系结合剂,用摩擦压机成型110℃~150℃烘干后经过1000℃以上高温烧成得到骨料复合镁铁橄榄石原料;
粒度为5-0mm部分的质量占总量的67%,材料是复合镁铁橄榄石。粒度为0.088-0mm部分的质量占总量的33%,材料是复合镁铁橄榄石。外加1%~5%奈系结合剂,均匀混合后制成隔热层原料;
具体配比如下:
5-0复合镁铁橄榄石67%
0.088-0mm复合镁铁橄榄石33%
上述原料经称量、混合、以奈系结合剂混炼后制成低导热镁铝尖晶石砖隔热层原料。
将上述耐火层原料和隔热层原料用波纹状的薄铁板分隔装入模具中,用压力机压制成低导热镁铝尖晶石砖,经110℃保温24小时干燥后在隧道窑1710℃的温度下烧制成低导热镁铝尖晶石砖。
实施例2
本实施例采用电熔与高纯复合原料,制作水泥窑过渡带用低导热镁铝尖晶石砖。其中各层材料的配方为:
耐火层:烧结镁砂粒度为5-0mm占总量的60%,镁铝尖晶石粒度为4-0mm占总量的10%。电熔镁砂粒度为3-0mm占总量的25%。刚玉粒度为2-0mm占总量的5%。
具体配比如下:
5-0mm烧结镁砂60%
4-0mm镁铝尖晶石10%
3-0mm电熔镁砂25%
2-0mm刚玉5%
上述原料经称量、混合、以奈系结合剂混炼后制成低导热镁铝尖晶石砖耐火层原料。
隔热层:选用优质镁橄榄石40%~60%,铁橄榄石10%~40%,镁砂10%~50%均匀混合后,以混合粉体为基准加入1%~5%奈系结合剂,用摩擦压机成型110℃~150℃烘干后经过1000℃以上高温烧成得到骨料复合镁铁橄榄石原料;
粒度为5-0mm部分的质量占总量的70%,材料是复合镁铁橄榄石。粒度为0.088-0mm部分的质量占总量的30%,材料是复合镁铁橄榄石。外加1%~5%奈系结合剂,均匀混合后制成隔热层原料;
具体配比如下:
5-0复合镁铁橄榄石70%
0.088-0mm复合镁铁橄榄石30%
上述原料经称量、混合、以奈系结合剂混炼后制成低导热镁铝尖晶石砖隔热层原料。
将上述耐火层原料和隔热层原料用波纹状的薄铁板分隔装入模具中,用压力机压制成低导热镁铝尖晶石砖,经110℃保温24小时干燥后在隧道窑1630℃的温度下烧制成低导热镁铝尖晶石砖。
实施例3:
本实施例采用电熔与高纯复合原料,制作水泥窑过渡带用低导热镁铝尖晶石砖。其中各层材料的配方为:
耐火层:烧结镁砂粒度为5-0mm占总量的68%,镁铝尖晶石粒度为4-0mm占总量的10%。电熔镁砂粒度为3-0mm占总量的19%。刚玉粒度为2-0mm占总量的3%。
具体配比如下:
5-0mm烧结镁砂68%
4-0mm镁铝尖晶石10%
3-0mm电熔镁砂19%
2-0mm刚玉3%
上述原料经称量、混合、以奈系结合剂混炼后制成低导热镁铝尖晶石砖耐火层原料。
隔热层:选用优质镁橄榄石40%~60%,铁橄榄石10%~40%,镁砂10%~50%均匀混合后,以混合粉体为基准加入1%~5%奈系结合剂,用摩擦压机成型110℃~150℃烘干后经过1000℃以上高温烧成得到骨料复合镁铁橄榄石原料;
粒度为5-0mm部分的质量占总量的68%,材料是复合镁铁橄榄石。粒度为0.088-0mm部分的质量占总量的32%,材料是复合镁铁橄榄石。外加1%~5%奈系结合剂,均匀混合后制成隔热层原料;
具体配比如下:
5-0复合镁铁橄榄石68%
0.088-0mm复合镁铁橄榄石32%
上述原料经称量、混合、以奈系结合剂混炼后制成低导热镁铝尖晶石砖隔热层原料。
将上述耐火层原料和隔热层原料用波纹状的薄铁板分隔装入模具中,用压力机压制成低导热镁铝尖晶石砖,经110℃保温24小时干燥后在隧道窑1580℃的温度下烧制成低导热镁铝尖晶石砖。

Claims (1)

1.一种低导热镁铝尖晶石砖的制备方法,其特征在于:低导热镁铝尖晶石砖由耐火层和隔热层组成,在1550~1750℃烧制而成,具体步骤如下:
(1)耐火层原料的制备:将粒度小于5mm的烧结镁砂40%~70%、粒度小于3mm的电熔镁砂10%~40%、粒度小于4mm的镁铝尖晶石10%~20%、粒度小于2mm的刚玉质材料0%~10%、均匀混合制成耐火层原料混合粉体,然后以耐火层原料混合粉体为基准外加1%~5%奈系结合剂,均匀混合后制成耐火层原料;
(2)隔热层合成原料的制备:选用优质镁橄榄石40%~60%,铁橄榄石10%~40%,镁砂10%~50%均匀混合后,以混合粉体为基准加入1%~5%奈系结合剂,用摩擦压机成型110℃~150℃烘干后经过1000℃以上高温烧成得到骨料复合镁铁橄榄石原料;
将粒度小于5mm复合镁铁橄榄石作为单一原料,外加1%~5%奈系结合剂,均匀混合后制成隔热层原料;
(3)将上述耐火层原料和隔热层原料用波纹状的薄铁板分隔装入模具中,用压力机压制成低导热镁铝尖晶石砖,经110℃保温24小时干燥后在隧道窑1550℃~1750℃的温度下烧制成低导热镁铝尖晶石砖。
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