CN105558194A - Fructus Momordicae and Herba Dendrobii extract mixed tea and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Fructus Momordicae and Herba Dendrobii extract mixed tea and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses Fructus Momordicae and Herba Dendrobii extract mixed tea and a preparation method thereof. The mixed tea is composed of, by weight, 25% of Fructus Momordicae extracts and 75% of Herba Dendrobii extracts. The preparation method includes steps of pretreatment, preparation of peel extract of Fructus Momordicae, preparation of seed extract of Fructus Momordicae, preparation of the Herba Dendrobii extracts, mixing and packaging. Since the extracts are used as raw materials, and peels and seeds of the Fructus Momordicae are separately extracted according to different methods, dissolving-out speed of effective ingredients of the Fructus Momordicae and the Herba Dendrobii is greatly increased, material utilization rate and absorption rate are increased, and an approach of realizing commercial values of the Fructus Momordicae and the Herba Dendrobii is developed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Momordica grosvenori Herba Dendrobii extract compound tea and preparation method thereof, belong to tea technical field.
Background technology
Tea is not only the diuresis of a kind of tool cardiac stimulant, the health beverages of the effect such as arousing brain, raising spirit, especially indispensable bavin in people's life, rice, oil, salt, sauce, vinegar, the one in tea.Though tea has a long history, but develop by leaps and bounds along with soda, fruit drink and mineral water, the status of tea little by little reduces.However, along with development and the people's living standard raising of society, more and more people focuses on health, and tea is a kind of health beverages meeting modern.This be due to modern tea be utilize pure natural plant to be deducted a percentage by scientific technology after add to inside drink tea, the existing good health value of tea is had again and certain drinks effect.
Momordica grosvenori, belonging to cucurbitaceous plant, is the medicinal and edible plant of Chinese tradition, and has effect of clearing heat and moistening lung, laxation defaecation, promotion stomach.Fruits nutrition is worth very high, and containing abundant vitamin C and glucoside, fructose, glucose, protein, lipid etc., wherein, the nonsugar triterpenes components mogrosides of strong sweet taste is the main active ingredient of Momordica grosvenori.
The effects such as the stem of noble dendrobium is a kind of medicinal plant, and its property slightly sweet flavor is micro-salty, flat, enters stomach, lung, kidney channel, has the beneficial stomach that promotes the production of body fluid, cleaning heat and expelling wind, the strong kidney of yin-nourishing, beneficial gas heat extraction, the long-pending essence of kidney tonifying, Appetizing spleen-tonifying, activating collaterals and eliminating stagnation, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.Main pharmacodynamics composition in Dendrobium Sw is polysaccharide, alkaloid, glucosides, luxuriant and rich with fragrance class, bibenzyl and amino acid etc.The content of polysaccharide in dendrobium candidum is high, and has the effects such as good antitumor, anti-oxidant and develop immunitypty.
Because Momordica grosvenori and the stem of noble dendrobium have so many effect, people carry out many research to them, as Chinese patent CN104543259A discloses one " processing technology of " Luohan " fruit tea fine powder ", the method take Momordica grosvenori as raw material, be made through steps such as raw material preparation, extraction, enzymolysis, the enzyme that goes out, filtration, pulverizing, mixing, spraying dry, finishing and packings, it mainly solves the nutriment losing issue in caffein powder; CN101695328B discloses one " a kind of dendrobium tea ", and this tea is by the stem of noble dendrobium 3 ~ 7 parts, gynostemma pentaphylla 2 ~ 3 parts, Mao Xu Cao 3 ~ 7 parts, tealeaves 3 ~ 7 parts, and 3 ~ 5 parts, sugar is made, and mainly overcomes the defect of the single effect of the stem of noble dendrobium; CN103416820A discloses one " a kind of Momordica grosvenori dendrobium candidum method for preparing beverage ", the method is for raw material with Momordica grosvenori and the stem of noble dendrobium, through cleaning, sterilize, complete, squeeze the juice, mix, heat, packaging and other steps is made, it mainly solves the problem such as property of medicine performance, nutrient loss, cost of manufacture of beverage; CN104509613A discloses one " a kind of dendrobium candidum Momordica grosvenori health preserving tea and preparation method thereof ", this tea is made up of dendrobium candidum and Momordica grosvenori, and by combining according to quantity after pulverizing, packing and obtaining according to quantity, it mainly solves the loaded down with trivial details problem of stem of noble dendrobium processing technology, and improves the palatability of dendrobium tea by adding Momordica grosvenori.Although the research of the compound tea of Momordica grosvenori and stem of noble dendrobium composition has obtained certain achievement, the research that its active ingredient dissolution rate crosses slow problem has remained very limited, and this limits the development of Momordica grosvenori dendrobe compound tea to a certain extent.Therefore, it is very important for developing a kind of preparation method improving Momordica grosvenori dendrobe compound tea active ingredient dissolution velocity.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of Momordica grosvenori Herba Dendrobii extract compound tea and preparation method thereof.
The present invention for the taked technical scheme that solves the problem is:
A kind of Momordica grosvenori Herba Dendrobii extract compound tea, it is made up of Fructus Monordicae extract and Herba Dendrobii extract, and described Fructus Monordicae extract and the mass percent of Herba Dendrobii extract are 25%:75%; Described Fructus Monordicae extract is made up of Momordica grosvenori bark extract and Momordica grosvenori seed extract, and wherein Momordica grosvenori bark extract adopts water extraction to extract, and Momordica grosvenori seed extract adopts ultrasonic method to extract; Described Herba Dendrobii extract adopts water logging to extract ethanol precipitation and extracts.
The preparation method of described Momordica grosvenori Herba Dendrobii extract compound tea comprises following technique: pretreatment, the preparation of Momordica grosvenori bark extract, the preparation of Momordica grosvenori seed extract, Herba Dendrobii extract preparation and hybrid packed five steps:
(1) pretreatment: first arhat pericarp is separated with seed, then by clean, the sterilization respectively of arhat pericarp, Momordica grosvenori seed and the stem of noble dendrobium, be ground into powder, and cross 100 ~ 150 mesh sieves, for subsequent use;
(2) Momordica grosvenori bark extract preparation: by arhat fruit peel powder 100 weight portion of selecting step (1), add the distilled water of 1 ~ 5 times of weight, decocts three times in 90 ~ 110 DEG C, 80 ~ 100 minutes first times, second time 40 ~ 60 minutes, 20 ~ 30 minutes third times, filter, merging filtrate, then filtrate to be placed in rotating speed be on the centrifuge of 6000 ~ 8000 turns centrifugal 20 ~ 30 minutes, again filters, concentrated, spray drying treatment, obtains Momordica grosvenori bark extract powder, for subsequent use;
(3) Momordica grosvenori seed extract preparation: by Momordica grosvenori seed meal 100 weight portion of selecting step (1), add the distilled water of 1 ~ 3 times of weight, be 40 ~ 80kHz, 40 ~ 60 DEG C of ultrasonic lower extractions three times in frequency, 60 ~ 80 minutes first times, second time 40 ~ 60 minutes, 20 ~ 40 minutes third times, filter, merging filtrate, then on centrifuge filtrate being placed in 6000 ~ 8000 turns centrifugal 20 ~ 30 minutes, again filter, concentrated, spray drying treatment, obtains Momordica grosvenori seed extract powder, for subsequent use;
(4) Herba Dendrobii extract preparation: by dendrobe powder 100 weight portion of selecting step (1), add the distilled water of 1 ~ 8 times of weight, decoct three times in 120 ~ 150 DEG C, 80 ~ 100 minutes first times, second time 40 ~ 60 minutes, 10 ~ 30 minutes third times, filters, merging filtrate, on the centrifuge again filtrate being placed in 6000 ~ 8000 turns centrifugal 20 ~ 30 minutes, again filter, add ethanol and regulate determining alcohol to 40 ~ 60%, leave standstill, to be precipitated completely after, incline and supernatant, filter, Herba Dendrobii extract powder is obtained after concentrated, for subsequent use;
(5) hybrid packed:
The Momordica grosvenori bark extract powder, Momordica grosvenori seed extract powder and the Herba Dendrobii extract powder that first step (2), (3), (4) are obtained respectively through freeze drying, pulverized 400 ~ 500 mesh sieves; And then Momordica grosvenori bark extract powder and Momordica grosvenori seed extract powder are fully mixed, obtain Fructus Monordicae extract; Be finally that Fructus Monordicae extract and the Herba Dendrobii extract of 25%:75% fully mixes by mass percent, Momordica grosvenori Herba Dendrobii extract compound tea can be obtained.
The nonsugar triterpenes components mogrosides of the strong sweet taste in Fructus Monordicae extract, improves the micro-salty taste of stem of noble dendrobium slightly sweet flavor, improves the palatability of Momordica grosvenori Herba Dendrobii extract compound tea.Simultaneously in Fructus Monordicae extract also containing multiple inorganic elements, as calcium, magnesium, selenium, and elemental selenium has good curative effect at coronary heart disease control, anti-ageing, anticancer aspect.Fructus Monordicae extract have eliminate the phlegm, the pharmacology such as antibechic, anti-inflammatory and antalgic is antibacterial and improve immune effect.
In Herba Dendrobii extract, except containing except dendrobium polysaccharide, dendrobine, amino acid, also containing a large amount of needed by human body metallic element, as calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium etc.Herba Dendrobii extract has nourishing Yin and promoting production of body fluid, antitumor and anti-sudden change, hypoglycemic and strengthen immunity of organisms and oxidation resistant effect.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, adopt extract as raw material, the nutrition of original compound tea can be retained, its active ingredient dissolution rate can be accelerated again, decrease the loss of active ingredient, improve utilization rate and the absorptivity of material, for the commercial value realizing Momordica grosvenori and the stem of noble dendrobium has opened up approach;
2, be separated with seed by arhat pericarp, greatly can improve the recovery rate of Momordica grosvenori active ingredient, thus promote active ingredient dissolution rate, too increase effect of compound tea simultaneously;
3, adopt different extracting methods and often kind three times extract, effectively reduce the loss of compound tea active ingredient, thus increase the content of active ingredient, and then promote compound tea active ingredient dissolution rate, the extraction time of often kind of extracting method becomes staged simultaneously, improves compound tea active ingredient dissolution rate further;
4, ultrasonic process can be conducive at utmost protecting Organic Selenium, reduces the high-temperature oxydation degraded of Organic Selenium, improves effect of compound tea;
5, the preparation method of Momordica grosvenori Herba Dendrobii extract compound tea provided by the present invention, its preparation formula is reasonable, technique is simple, with short production cycle, and equipment investment expense is low, greatly increases production efficiency, reduces production cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
A preparation method for Momordica grosvenori Herba Dendrobii extract compound tea, comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: first arhat pericarp is separated with seed, then by clean, the sterilization respectively of arhat pericarp, Momordica grosvenori seed and the stem of noble dendrobium, be ground into powder, and cross 120 mesh sieves, for subsequent use;
(2) Momordica grosvenori bark extract preparation: by arhat fruit peel powder 100 weight portion of selecting step (1), add the distilled water of 3 times of weight, decocts three times in 100 DEG C, 90 minutes first times, second time 50 minutes, 25 minutes third times, filter, merging filtrate, then filtrate to be placed in rotating speed be on the centrifuge of 7000 turns centrifugal 25 minutes, again filters, concentrated, spray drying treatment, obtains Momordica grosvenori bark extract powder, for subsequent use;
(3) Momordica grosvenori seed extract preparation: by Momordica grosvenori seed meal 100 weight portion of selecting step (1), add the distilled water of 2 times of weight is 60kHz, 50 DEG C of ultrasonic lower extractions three times in frequency, 70 minutes first times, second time 50 minutes, 30 minutes third times, filter, merging filtrate, then on centrifuge filtrate being placed in 7000 turns centrifugal 25 minutes, again filter, concentrated, spray drying treatment, obtains Momordica grosvenori seed extract powder, for subsequent use;
(4) Herba Dendrobii extract preparation: by dendrobe powder 100 weight portion of selecting step (1), add the distilled water of 5 times of weight, decocts three times in 135 DEG C, 90 minutes first times, second time 50 minutes, 20 minutes third times, filter, merging filtrate, then on centrifuge filtrate being placed in 7000 turns centrifugal 25 minutes, again filter, add ethanol and regulate determining alcohol to 50%, leave standstill, to be precipitated completely after, incline and supernatant, filter, Herba Dendrobii extract powder is obtained after concentrated, for subsequent use;
(5) hybrid packed:
The Momordica grosvenori bark extract powder, Momordica grosvenori seed extract powder and the Herba Dendrobii extract powder that first step (2), (3), (4) are obtained respectively through freeze drying, pulverized 500 sieve; And then Momordica grosvenori bark extract powder and Momordica grosvenori seed extract powder are fully mixed, obtain Fructus Monordicae extract; Be finally that Fructus Monordicae extract and the Herba Dendrobii extract of 25%:75% fully mixes by mass percent, Momordica grosvenori Herba Dendrobii extract compound tea can be obtained.
Carry out Se content detection by GB/t21729-2008 National Standard Method to obtained Momordica grosvenori Herba Dendrobii extract compound tea, testing result is 282 μ g/kg.
Embodiment 2
A preparation method for Momordica grosvenori Herba Dendrobii extract compound tea, comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: first arhat pericarp is separated with seed, then by clean, the sterilization respectively of arhat pericarp, Momordica grosvenori seed and the stem of noble dendrobium, be ground into powder, and cross 100 mesh sieves, for subsequent use;
(2) Momordica grosvenori bark extract preparation: by arhat fruit peel powder 100 weight portion of selecting step (1), add the distilled water of 1 times of weight, decocts three times in 90 DEG C, 80 minutes first times, second time 40 minutes, 20 minutes third times, filter, merging filtrate, then filtrate to be placed in rotating speed be on the centrifuge of 6000 turns centrifugal 20 minutes, again filters, concentrated, spray drying treatment, obtains Momordica grosvenori bark extract powder, for subsequent use;
(3) Momordica grosvenori seed extract preparation: by Momordica grosvenori seed meal 100 weight portion of selecting step (1), add the distilled water of 1 times of weight is 40kHz, 40 DEG C of ultrasonic lower extractions three times in frequency, 60 minutes first times, second time 40 minutes, 20 minutes third times, filter, merging filtrate, then on centrifuge filtrate being placed in 6000 turns centrifugal 20 minutes, again filter, concentrated, spray drying treatment, obtains Momordica grosvenori seed extract powder, for subsequent use;
(4) Herba Dendrobii extract preparation: by dendrobe powder 100 weight portion of selecting step (1), add the distilled water of 1 times of weight, decocts three times in 120 DEG C, 80 minutes first times, second time 40 minutes, 10 minutes third times, filter, merging filtrate, then on centrifuge filtrate being placed in 6000 turns centrifugal 20 minutes, again filter, add ethanol and regulate determining alcohol to 40%, leave standstill, to be precipitated completely after, incline and supernatant, filter, Herba Dendrobii extract powder is obtained after concentrated, for subsequent use;
(5) hybrid packed:
The Momordica grosvenori bark extract powder, Momordica grosvenori seed extract powder and the Herba Dendrobii extract powder that first step (2), (3), (4) are obtained respectively through freeze drying, pulverized 400 mesh sieves; And then Momordica grosvenori bark extract powder and Momordica grosvenori seed extract powder are fully mixed, obtain Fructus Monordicae extract; Be finally that Fructus Monordicae extract and the Herba Dendrobii extract of 25%:75% fully mixes by mass percent, Momordica grosvenori Herba Dendrobii extract compound tea can be obtained.
Carry out Se content detection by GB/t21729-2008 National Standard Method to obtained Momordica grosvenori Herba Dendrobii extract compound tea, testing result is 268 μ g/kg.
Embodiment 3
A preparation method for Momordica grosvenori Herba Dendrobii extract compound tea, comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: first arhat pericarp is separated with seed, then by clean, the sterilization respectively of arhat pericarp, Momordica grosvenori seed and the stem of noble dendrobium, be ground into powder, and cross 150 mesh sieves, for subsequent use;
(2) Momordica grosvenori bark extract preparation: by arhat fruit peel powder 100 weight portion of selecting step (1), add the distilled water of 5 times of weight, decocts three times in 110 DEG C, 100 minutes first times, second time 60 minutes, 30 minutes third times, filter, merging filtrate, then filtrate to be placed in rotating speed be on the centrifuge of 8000 turns centrifugal 30 minutes, again filters, concentrated, spray drying treatment, obtains Momordica grosvenori bark extract powder, for subsequent use;
(3) Momordica grosvenori seed extract preparation: by Momordica grosvenori seed meal 100 weight portion of selecting step (1), add the distilled water of 3 times of weight is 80kHz, 60 DEG C of ultrasonic lower extractions three times in frequency, 80 minutes first times, second time 60 minutes, 40 minutes third times, filter, merging filtrate, then on centrifuge filtrate being placed in 8000 turns centrifugal 30 minutes, again filter, concentrated, spray drying treatment, obtains Momordica grosvenori seed extract powder, for subsequent use;
(4) Herba Dendrobii extract preparation: by dendrobe powder 100 weight portion of selecting step (1), add the distilled water of 8 times of weight, decocts three times in 150 DEG C, 100 minutes first times, second time 60 minutes, 30 minutes third times, filter, merging filtrate, then on centrifuge filtrate being placed in 8000 turns centrifugal 30 minutes, again filter, add ethanol and regulate determining alcohol to 60%, leave standstill, to be precipitated completely after, incline and supernatant, filter, Herba Dendrobii extract powder is obtained after concentrated, for subsequent use;
(5) hybrid packed:
The Momordica grosvenori bark extract powder, Momordica grosvenori seed extract powder and the Herba Dendrobii extract powder that first step (2), (3), (4) are obtained respectively through freeze drying, pulverized 500 mesh sieves; And then Momordica grosvenori bark extract powder and Momordica grosvenori seed extract powder are fully mixed, obtain Fructus Monordicae extract; Be finally that Fructus Monordicae extract and the Herba Dendrobii extract of 25%:75% fully mixes by mass percent, Momordica grosvenori Herba Dendrobii extract compound tea can be obtained.
Carry out Se content detection by GB/t21729-2008 National Standard Method to obtained Momordica grosvenori Herba Dendrobii extract compound tea, testing result is 276 μ g/kg.
Embodiment 4: compound tea cough-relieving efficacy test
1, by body weight 18 ~ 22g and clinical symptoms are healthy mouse 120, be divided into embodiment 1 group, embodiment 2 groups, embodiment 3 groups, control group 1, control group 2 and blank group at random, often organize 20;
2, carry out gavage by 0.5ml/20g reagent to mouse, gavage, after 1 hour, adopts 30% ammoniacal liquor to draw the method for coughing and carries out cough-relieving test, namely in closed glass container, ammoniacal liquor is full of, mouse is put into glass container, records and add up mouse and to cough in 3 minutes number of times, the results are shown in Table 1.
Wherein, the reagent of each group gavage is: compound tea prepared by the compound tea of the embodiment 1 group of gavage embodiment of the present invention 1 preparation, embodiment 2 groups of gavage embodiment of the present invention 2, the compound tea of the embodiment 3 groups of gavage embodiment of the present invention 3 preparations, control group 1 gavage Fructus Monordicae extract, control group 2 gavage Herba Dendrobii extract and blank group gavage physiological saline.
Table 1 mouse cough result of the test
| Test group | Cough number of times |
| Embodiment 1 group | 28.54±7.68 |
| Embodiment 2 groups | 31.12±7.79 |
| Embodiment 3 groups | 30.61±8.24 |
| Control group 1 | 38.16±9.56 |
| Control group 2 | 42.45±9.85 |
| Blank group | 48.53±10.56 |
From table 1 result, compound tea of the present invention can reduce mouse cough number of times, has better antitussive action to the mouse cough that ammoniacal liquor causes.
Certainly, just the preferred embodiments of the disclosure is described in detail above, not limits practical range of the present invention with this, and all equivalence changes done according to principle of the present invention, structure and structure, all should be covered by protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a Momordica grosvenori Herba Dendrobii extract compound tea, is characterized in that: it is made up of Fructus Monordicae extract and Herba Dendrobii extract, and described Fructus Monordicae extract and the mass percent of Herba Dendrobii extract are 25%:75%; Described Fructus Monordicae extract is made up of Momordica grosvenori bark extract and Momordica grosvenori seed extract, and wherein Momordica grosvenori bark extract adopts water extraction to extract, and Momordica grosvenori seed extract adopts ultrasonic method to extract; Described Herba Dendrobii extract adopts water logging to extract ethanol precipitation and extracts;
The preparation method of described Momordica grosvenori Herba Dendrobii extract compound tea, it comprises following technique: pretreatment, the preparation of Momordica grosvenori bark extract, the preparation of Momordica grosvenori seed extract, Herba Dendrobii extract preparation and hybrid packed five steps:
(1) pretreatment: first arhat pericarp is separated with seed, then by clean, the sterilization respectively of arhat pericarp, Momordica grosvenori seed and the stem of noble dendrobium, be ground into powder, and cross 100 ~ 150 mesh sieves, for subsequent use;
(2) Momordica grosvenori bark extract preparation: by arhat fruit peel powder 100 weight portion of selecting step (1), add the distilled water of 1 ~ 5 times of weight, decocts three times in 90 ~ 110 DEG C, 80 ~ 100 minutes first times, second time 40 ~ 60 minutes, 20 ~ 30 minutes third times, filter, merging filtrate, then filtrate to be placed in rotating speed be on the centrifuge of 6000 ~ 8000 turns centrifugal 20 ~ 30 minutes, again filters, concentrated, spray drying treatment, obtains Momordica grosvenori bark extract powder, for subsequent use;
(3) Momordica grosvenori seed extract preparation: by Momordica grosvenori seed meal 100 weight portion of selecting step (1), add the distilled water of 1 ~ 3 times of weight, be 40 ~ 80kHz, 40 ~ 60 DEG C of ultrasonic lower extractions three times in frequency, 60 ~ 80 minutes first times, second time 40 ~ 60 minutes, 20 ~ 40 minutes third times, filter, merging filtrate, then on centrifuge filtrate being placed in 6000 ~ 8000 turns centrifugal 20 ~ 30 minutes, again filter, concentrated, spray drying treatment, obtains Momordica grosvenori seed extract powder, for subsequent use;
(4) Herba Dendrobii extract preparation: by dendrobe powder 100 weight portion of selecting step (1), add the distilled water of 1 ~ 8 times of weight, decoct three times in 120 ~ 150 DEG C, 80 ~ 100 minutes first times, second time 40 ~ 60 minutes, 10 ~ 30 minutes third times, filters, merging filtrate, on the centrifuge again filtrate being placed in 6000 ~ 8000 turns centrifugal 20 ~ 30 minutes, again filter, add ethanol and regulate determining alcohol to 40 ~ 60%, leave standstill, to be precipitated completely after, incline and supernatant, filter, Herba Dendrobii extract powder is obtained after concentrated, for subsequent use;
(5) hybrid packed:
The Momordica grosvenori bark extract powder, Momordica grosvenori seed extract powder and the Herba Dendrobii extract powder that first step (2), (3), (4) are obtained respectively through freeze drying, pulverized 400 ~ 500 mesh sieves; And then Momordica grosvenori bark extract powder and Momordica grosvenori seed extract powder are fully mixed, obtain Fructus Monordicae extract; Be finally that Fructus Monordicae extract and the Herba Dendrobii extract of 25%:75% fully mixes by mass percent, Momordica grosvenori Herba Dendrobii extract compound tea can be obtained.
2. the preparation method of Momordica grosvenori Herba Dendrobii extract compound tea according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described ultrasonic extraction is 60kHz in frequency, extracts at 50 DEG C.
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| CN106035845A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-10-26 | 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Processing method of Dendrobium officinalis leaf tea beverage |
| CN106036313A (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2016-10-26 | 福建省亚热带园艺植物研究中心 | Health-care dendrobium stem beverage food |
| CN108902409A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-11-30 | 佛山市泺洲科技有限公司 | A kind of dendrobe health-care tea |
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| CN106036313A (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2016-10-26 | 福建省亚热带园艺植物研究中心 | Health-care dendrobium stem beverage food |
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