CN105545417A - 从内燃机或工业燃气涡轮机的烟气移除固态内容物的装置 - Google Patents
从内燃机或工业燃气涡轮机的烟气移除固态内容物的装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
提出了一种用于从内燃机(7)或工业燃气涡轮机的烟气移除固态内容物的装置,其中,该装置包括具有金属性颗粒的结构,并且这些金属颗粒连接成毛毡或类似毛毡的金属结构(1),并且被布置在平坦的基底结构(2)上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于从内燃机或工业燃气涡轮机的烟气移除固态内容物的装置,其中,该装置包括根据权利要求1的前序部分的具有金属性颗粒的结构。
背景技术
借由颗粒过滤器从内燃机的烟气移除固体例如在机动车辆领域是已知的。也已经变得已知的是在发电厂中采用毛毡过滤器结构用于烟气清洁,其借由压缩空气而被周期性地清洁,以便避免通过在过滤器结构上的滤渣的过量累积而升高的压力损失。为此目的所采用的过滤器材料通常具有范围从220至250℃的温度阻抗,而在发电厂技术中越来越多采用的内燃机的废气温度位于从380至400℃的范围内并且也在发电厂技术中被采用的工业燃气涡轮机的废气温度位于从500至600℃的范围内。
迄今为止采用的过滤器结构不适于用在内燃机和工业燃气涡轮机的上述温度范围中。为此原因,形式为烧结过滤器或金属泡沫过滤器的用于热气过滤的过滤器结构因此也已经成为已知,然而与由过滤器所产生的压力损失相比,分离程度是不理想的,并且它们的制造成本高昂。
借由DE112008003152T5,形式为纵向取向的金属纤维的具有金属性颗粒的过滤器已经成为已知,其用于从柴油机的废气分离煤烟颗粒。
发明内容
本发明是基于产生一种用于从内燃机或工业燃气涡轮机的烟气移除固态内容物的装置的目的,该装置包括金属性颗粒并且能够成本有效地制造,该装置的过滤器表面能够被表面处理以用于废气的进一步处理,并且当它们用于发电厂技术时,该装置同时实现了现代发动机和工业燃气涡轮机的温度稳定性。一种用于根据本发明的装置的表面处理的方法也要被产生。
为了解决关于该装置的这个目的,本发明包括权利要求1中所述的特征。其有利的配置在其他权利要求中被解释。除此之外,本发明产生了根据权利要求6的一种用于产生毛毡或类似毛毡的金属结构的方法,以及根据权利要求7的一种用于毛毡或类似毛毡的金属结构的表面处理的方法。
本发明产生了一种用于从内燃机或工业燃气涡轮机的烟气移除固态内容物的装置,其中该装置包括具有金属性颗粒的结构,并且金属性颗粒连接到毛毡或类似毛毡的金属结构中并且布置在平坦的基底结构上。
术语毛毡或类似毛毡的金属结构表示根据本发明的装置的金属性颗粒呈现在相对彼此无取向的布置中,作为其结果,实现了基于由该装置所要求的安装体积可用于烟气过滤的大表面。除此之外,因此额外地实现了用于形成金属结构所要求的金属性颗粒无需使用特殊的制造步骤放入它们相对于彼此对准的位置中,这降低了制造成本并且金属性颗粒的使用额外地致使该装置耐久地经受住工业燃气涡轮机的废气温度范围。
根据本发明的进一步发展,提供的是金属结构被非对称地设计并且金属性颗粒被大量地布置在基底结构的覆盖侧上。具有已知的过滤器结构,过滤器毛网(fleece)布置在两个覆盖层之间,其中,覆盖层用于保护过滤器毛网并且避免材料不受控地泄漏出毛网。采用根据本发明的装置,仅在一侧上提供基底结构,使得金属结构的非对称构造被获得,因为由于个体颗粒在彼此上的高粘附力,无需预期金属性颗粒不受控地泄漏出毛毡金属结构。
于是,金属结构因此能够被设计作为在垫子主体,该垫子主体在垫子的覆盖侧上具有基底结构,并且因此形成的该垫子主体能够包围管形截面状的线,该线对于烟气是可渗透的,使得烟气能够径向地进入垫子结构中并且固态内容物累积在毛毡金属性颗粒之间的中空空间中。通过非对称设计,实现了中空空间沿径向向外方向变得更小并且特别地烟气自身能够穿过,但是包含在其中的固态内容物被保留在金属结构中。
为了实现非对称构造,根据本发明的进一步发展提供的是金属结构的填料密度在基底结构的方向上降低。填料密度在此意味着金属结构的单位体积的金属性颗粒数目。单位体积的高数目金属性颗粒确保了存在于颗粒之间的中空空间体积小并且可供离开烟气的固态内容物穿过的面积小,而金属性颗粒的较低数目确保了中空空间大并且因此金属结构中固态内容物的渗透深度大。从基底结构开始,固态内容物因此能够进入毛毡或类似毛毡的金属结构但是不渗透该金属结构。
根据本发明的进一步发展,提供的是金属结构包括金属性细丝和/或纤维。细丝和/或纤维能够具有不同的长度和不同的直径,使得上面描述的填料密度能够被特定地控制,即具有较大直径的细丝和/或纤维能够例如被布置比具有较小直径的细丝和/或纤维更靠近基底结构。
根据本发明的进一步发展,还提供的是金属结构包括非金属性细丝和/或纤维,其能够例如是包括陶瓷或石英成分的细丝和/或纤维,使得单位体积的金属结构的质量能够同样被特定地控制。
本发明还产生一种用于制造毛毡或类似毛毡金属结构的方法,其包括热烧结金属纤维和/或细丝的步骤。通过热烧结,实现了纤维和/或细丝在它们接触彼此的点处进入与彼此的连接并且因此产生了机械可承载的结构,采用该结构减小了细丝和/或纤维变得从该结构脱离的风险,使得不再有任何必要为金属结构的两个覆盖侧提供覆盖层。
根据该方法的进一步发展,还提供的是在毛毡或类似毛毡的金属结构上执行表面处理,其中借由电流沉积在金属结构上执行涂层和/或借由物理气相沉积在金属结构上执行涂层。
由于此,能够例如实现金属结构的催化涂层,使得金属结构不仅适于从烟气分离颗粒,而且也适于烟气的后处理,例如通过氧化或者还原烟气中的氮氧化物。
根据本发明的该方法的进一步发展,还提供的是具有不同截面面积的细丝和/或纤维用于形成金属结构。因此例如有可能使用其在截面视图中为十字形或梯形的细丝和纤维以用于形成金属结构。不同截面面积的使用具有的优点在于,在通过热烧结操作增强金属结构之前,已经由此实现了单独不同地形成的纤维和/或细丝的良好粘附连接,因为由于不同的截面面积,纤维和/或细丝在彼此中被钩住并且因此能够已经实现了自身结实的结构。
根据本发明的该方法的进一步发展,还提供的是使用具有脱离拉伸构造的构造的纤维和/或细丝。因此,例如能够使用线圈形或扭曲类似于螺丝锥的纤维和/或细丝用于形成金属结构。这个构造确保了个体纤维和/或细丝变得彼此钩住用于形成结实的结构。
根据本发明的该方法的进一步发展,还提供的是具有脱离表面平滑的外轮廓的外轮廓的纤维和/或细丝用于形成金属结构。该纤维和/或细丝能够例如设有在外轮廓上的鳞片或者具有多孔结构。这样的设计确保了与由表面平滑的纤维和/或细丝形成的金属结构的表面相比,该金属结构的表面明显地增大,并且用于要被分离的固态内容物落在其上的吸收面积增大。
最后,本发明还产生了一种具有如上所述的装置的内燃机,以及一种联接至该内燃机的催化转换器装置,其特征在于,该装置布置在内燃机的下游并且在催化转换器装置的上游。
因此,内燃机的烟气能够被允许进入根据本发明的作为废气管道中从流体上讲是第一装置的装置中,并且因此防止包括大量固态内容物的烟气被允许进入催化转换器装置中。这样的构造确保了催化转换器能够被设计得比从流体上讲按已知方式布置成直接跟在内燃机后面的催化转换器要小。
附图说明
在下文中,借助于附图更详细解释本发明。在附图中示出了:
图1是对根据当前发明实施例的毛毡金属结构的摘录;
图2是根据图1的摘录“A”的放大代表图;
图3是用于形成金属结构的不同纤维和/或细丝的代表图;
图4是对根据当前发明的进一步实施例的毛毡金属结构的摘录;以及
图5是内燃机的构架的示意性代表图,具有连接的废气管道,该废气管道包括根据当前发明的装置,催化转换器和热交换器以及烟气提取器。
具体实施方式
附图的图1示出了对根据当前发明的实施例的金属结构的摘录,摘录“A”借助附图的图2以更多细节被放大显示。
金属结构1具有基底结构2,其能够例如是温度稳定的平坦织物。这能够例如是具有加固金属线4等的金属网。
在附图平面中,在基底结构的左侧上,布置了非对称的纤维结构构架3,其具有在基底结构2的方向上降低的填料密度。在离基底结构2最大距离的区域中填料密度最大,即位于那里的中空空间设计最小,而中空空间被设成成在基底结构2的方向上增大。
纤维结构3具有形成类似于毛毡的构架,其借助于附图的图2在更多细节上很明显。该构架的特征特别地在于,纤维随机地布置,在每种情形中都没有相对彼此被特定地定向的路线。
在图2中放大所示的摘录“A”示出了多个金属纤维5,其布置成相对于彼此随机延伸的取向,并且在连接点6处接触彼此,连接点被放大示出并且在那里借由热烧结操作而固定到彼此,使得因此形成的纤维结构3能够接下来被进一步处理,例如借由机械形成操作、例如压缩。由于此,也能够以受控方式影响金属结构1的填料密度。
除此之外,也已经借由催化涂层处理纤维结构3,使得除了从图5中所示的内燃机7的烟气分离固态内容物之外,借由例如氮氧化物的氧化或还原而进一步处理烟气是可能的。
图3示出了来自能够用于形成根据本发明的金属结构的金属材料的纤维和/或细丝的多个可能构造。
如容易可见的,细丝8能够具有带平滑外轮廓的拉长构造并且形成截面为圆盘的形状。替代地或附加地,也能够采用形成类似于线圈的细丝9,其在剖视图中形成为平坦的。
同样替代或附加地,也能够使用细丝10,其在顶视图中形成为锯齿状并且在剖视图中为十字形的。最后,图3也示出了细丝11的进一步的实施例,其呈现为扭曲到彼此并且在剖视图中形成为菱形,并且能够同样附加地或替代地用于纤维和/或细丝的所有其他形式,用于形成金属结构。
附图的图4示出了金属结构1的进一步的实施例,具有基底结构2,以及布置在其上的纤维结构3,具有形成为锯齿状的多个细丝10,用于形成过滤器结构12以用于从内燃机7的烟气移除固态内容物。除了细丝10之外,根据图4的实施例也包括细丝8,其是细长的并且形成具有平滑外表面并且用作基底结构2的增强结构。最后,图4附加地示出了金属材料的另一细丝13,在其外表面上设有鳞片14,并且因此具有大表面以及能够替代地或附加地用于附图的图3中所示的用于形成金属结构1的所有纤维形式,并且由于鳞片14,具有用于从烟气分离固态内容物并且用于形成有效催化涂覆表面的大外表面。
附图的图5示出了内燃机7的示意代表图,废气过滤器15直接在内燃机下游,其同时用于对内燃机7的烟气进行脱硫。脱硫在该情形中能够通过在发动机内或下游的措施而实现,诸如例如内燃机的至少一个工作汽缸中燃料喷射开始的临时预定位以用于在烟气中形成可用的碳氢化合物以用于实现再生所需的激活温度。其他措施在此也是可能的。
用于进一步处理烟气的催化转换器布置在废气过滤器15的下游,热交换器17跟在其后,由此能够提取包含在烟气中的热能以便例如用于燃料预加热或建筑物加热。最后,烟气经由烟气提取器8离开废气管道。因为烟气能够已经在废气过滤器15中脱硫,所以它与已知系统的情况相比在接下来的热交换器17中能够暴露给实质更密集的热提取器,因为烟气已经被脱硫并且达到露点的硫酸腐蚀的风险不再存在。
因为固态内容物也已经在废气过滤器15中从烟气提取,所以与已知系统的情况相比,催化转换器16以及还有热交换器17能够基本形成更小的,因为不再有由烟气中的固态颗粒堵塞催化转换器和热交换器的风险。
通过金属细丝的特定表面结构,诸如例如鳞片,通过沥滤形成多孔表面,能够大大增大金属结构的有效表面并且因此改进颗粒粘附性。
能够催化涂覆金属细丝以便能够同时执行固体移除和烟气氧化。通过金属细丝的塑性变形用于形成例如波形状,能够改进金属结构的机械和与分离相关的特性。此外,金属结构在其形成之后,能够通过机械成形而被附加地重新加工以便影响例如填料密度。借由热烧结工艺,能够改进金属结构的机械强度,通过厚度不同和形状不同的金属的纤维和/或细丝的组合,一方面能够影响金属结构的强度,并且另一方面也能够调整填料密度。最后,也可能的是将非金属性细丝和/或纤维与金属性细丝和/或纤维组合以形成金属结构,以便例如减小由该金属结构形成的过滤器结构的质量。
关于未被更详细说明的本发明的特征,以其它方式明确地参照相应的附图。
附图标记列表
1.金属结构
2.基底结构
3.纤维结构构架,纤维结构
4.增强金属线
5.金属纤维
6.连接点
7.内燃机
8.纤维,细丝
9.纤维,细丝
10.纤维,细丝
11.纤维,细丝
12.纤维结构
13.纤维,细丝
14.鳞片
15.废气过滤器
16.催化转换器
17.热交换器
18.烟气提取器。
Claims (11)
1.一种用于从内燃机(7)或工业燃气涡轮机的烟气移除固态内容物的装置,其中,所述装置具有带金属性颗粒的结构,其特征在于,所述金属性颗粒连接成毛毡或类似毛毡的金属结构(1)并且被布置在平坦的基底结构(2)上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述金属结构(1)被非对称地设计,并且所述金属性颗粒被大量地布置在所述基底结构(2)的覆盖侧上。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置,其特征在于,所述金属结构(1)的填料密度在基底结构(2)的方向上降低。
4.根据之前权利要求任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述金属结构(1)包括金属性细丝(8,9,10,11,13)和/或纤维(8,9,10,11,13)。
5.根据之前权利要求任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述金属结构(1)包括非金属细丝和/或纤维。
6.一种用于制造毛毡或类似毛毡的金属结构的方法,其特征在于金属纤维(8,9,10,11,13)和/或细丝(8,9,10,11,13)的热烧结的步骤。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,用于毛毡或类似毛毡的金属结构(1)的表面处理的以下步骤的至少一个:
-借由电流沉积施加涂层至所述金属结构(1)
-借由物理气相沉积施加涂层至所述金属结构(1)。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的方法,其特征在于,使用具有不同截面面积的纤维(8,9,10,11,13)和/或细丝(8,9,10,11,13)。
9.根据权利要求6至8任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,使用具有脱离拉伸构造的构造的纤维(8,9,10,11,13)和/或细丝(8,9,10,11,13)。
10.根据权利要求6至9任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,使用具有脱离平滑相的外轮廓的外轮廓的纤维(8,9,10,11,13)和/或细丝(8,9,10,11,13)。
11.一种内燃机(7),具有根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的装置,以及联接至内燃机(7)的催化转换器装置(15),其特征在于,所述装置布置在内燃机(7)的下游并且在所述催化转换器装置(15)的上游。
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