FI128721B

FI128721B - Device for removal of solid contents from the smoke gas of internal combustion engines or industrial gas turbines

Info

Publication number: FI128721B
Application number: FI20155749A
Authority: FI
Inventors: Nikolaus König
Original assignee: Man Diesel & Turbo Se
Priority date: 2014-10-24
Filing date: 2015-10-22
Publication date: 2020-10-30
Also published as: JP6817693B2; JP2016083661A; KR102329151B1; KR20160048675A; CN105545417B; DE102014015786A1; CN105545417A; FI20155749A

Abstract

Proposed is a device for removing solid contents from the smoke gas of internal combustion engines (7) or industrial gas turbines, wherein the device comprises a structure with metallic particles and the metallic particles are connected into a felted or felt-like metal structure (1) and are arranged on a flat substrate structure (2).

Description

Device for removal of solid contents from the smoke gas of internal combustion engines or industrial gas turbines The present invention relates to a device for removing solid contents from the smoke gas of internal combustion engines or industrial gas turbines, wherein the device comprises a structure with metallic particles according to the preamble of Claim 1. The removal of solids from the smoke gas of internal combustion en- — gines by means of particle filters is known for example from the motor vehicle sector. It has already become known as well to employ felted filter structures for smoke gas cleaning in power plants, which are periodically cleaned by means of compressed air, in order to avoid elevated pressure losses through the excessive build-up of a filter cake on the filter structure. The filter materials employed for — this purpose usually have a temperature resistance in the range from 220 to 250, while the exhaust gas temperature of internal combustion engines that are increasingly employed in power plant technology lies in the range from 380 to 400°C and the exhaust gas temperature of industrial gas turbine also employed in power plant technology lies in the range from 500 to 600°C.

The filter structures employed to date are unsuitable for use in the abovementioned temperature range of the internal combustion engines and in- S dustrial gas turbines. For this reason, filter structures for hot gas filtration in the N form of sintered filters or metal foam filters have therefore also become already = 25 known, the degree of separation compared with the pressure losses created by = the filters however is unfavourable and their manufacture cost-intensive.

E v By way of DE 11 2008 003 152 T5 a filter with metallic particles in the 0 form of longitudinally directed metal fibres has already become known, which is i 30 used for separating soot particles from the exhaust gas of diesel engines. Further prior art is shown in documents DE 102006061693 A1, WO 02047854 A1, EP

0903476 A1, US 2002011440 A1 and US 4761323 A.

The present invention is based on the object of creating a device for removing solid contents from the smoke gas of internal combustion engines or industrial gas turbines, which comprises metallic particles and can be cost- effectively produced, the filter surface of the device can be surface-treated for fur- ther treatment of the exhaust gas and the device simultaneously fulfils the tem- perature stability for modern engines and industrial gas turbines, as they are em- ployed in power plant technology. A method for surface treatment of the device according to the invention is to be created as well.

For solving this object regarding the device, the invention comprises the features stated in Claim 1. Advantageous configurations thereof are explained in the further claims. In addition to this, the invention creates a method for pro- ducing a felted or felt-like metal structure according to Claim 5.

The invention creates a device for removing solid contents from the smoke gas of internal combustion engines or industrial gas turbines, wherein the device comprises a structure with metallic particles and the metallic particles are connected into a felted or felt-like metal structure and are arranged on a flat sub- strate structure. Q The term felted or felt-like metal structure expresses that the metallic N particles of the device according to the invention are present in an arrangement = 25 that is undirected relative to one another, as a result of which a large surface - made available for smoke gas filtration based on the installation volume required i by the device is achieved. In addition to this, it is thereby additionally achieved v that the metallic particles that are reguired for forming the metal structure need 0 not have to be put into a position in which they are aligned relative to one another i 30 using special production steps, which reduces the production costs and the use of metallic particles additionally brings about that the device durably withstands the exhaust gas temperature range of industrial gas turbines.

According to a further development of the invention it is provided that the metal structure is designed asymmetrically and the metallic particles are pro- vided largely arranged on a cover side of the substrate structure.

With known filter structures, a filter fleece is arranged between two cover layers, wherein the cover layers serve in order to protect the filter fleece and avoid the uncontrolled leakage of material out of the fleece.

With the device according to the invention a substrate structure is provided only on one side so that an asymmetrical con- struction of the metal structure is obtained, since uncontrolled leakage of the me- tallic particle out of the felted metal structure need not be expected because of the high adhesive force of the individual particles on one another.

Accordingly, the metal structure can thus be designed as a mat body with the substrate structure on a cover side of the mat and the mat body thus formed can enclose a tubular section-like line that is permeable to the smoke gas so that the smoke gas can radially enter the mat structure and solid contents ac- cumulate in the hollow spaces between the felted metallic particles.

Through the asymmetrical design it is achieved that the hollow spaces become smaller in a radially outward direction and specifically the smoke gas itself can pass through, but the solid contents contained therein are retained in the metal structure.

S In order to achieve the asymmetrical construction it is provided ac- N cording to a further development of the invention that the packing density of the = 25 metal structure decreases in the direction of the substrate structure.

Packing - density here is to mean the number of the metallic particles per unit volume of the i metal structure.

A high number of metallic particles per unit volume ensures that v the hollow spaces that are present between the particles are small in volume and 0 the areas that are available for solid contents out of the smoke gas to pass through i 30 are small while a lower number of metallic particles ensures that the hollow spac- es are large and the penetration depth of the solid contents in the metal structure therefore is great. Starting out from the substrate structure, the solid contents can therefore enter the felted or felt-like metal structure but not penetrate the same.

According to a further development of the invention it is provided that the metal structure comprises metallic filaments and/or fibres. The filaments and/or fibres can have different lengths and different diameters, so that the pack- ing density described above can be specifically controlled, i.e. filaments and/or fibres with larger diameter can for example be arranged closer to the substrate — structure than filaments and/or fibres with smaller diameter.

According to a further development of the invention itis also provided that the metal structure comprises non-metallic filaments and/or fibres, which can for example be filaments and/or fibres comprising ceramic or quartz constit- — uents, so that the mass of the metal structure per unit volume can likewise be spe- cifically controlled.

The invention also creates a method for producing a felted or felt-like metal structure which comprises the step of thermal sintering of metallic fibres and/or filaments. By thermally sintering it is achieved that the fibres and/or fil- aments, at the points, at which they touch one another, enter into a connection with one another and a mechanically loadable structure is thus created, with S which the risk that filaments and/or fibres become detached from the structure is N reduced so that there is no longer any necessity of providing a cover layer for both a 25 — cover sidesof the metal structure.

x a According to a further development of the method it is also provided v that a surface treatment is carried out on the felted or felt-like metal structure in 0 that a coating is carried out on the metal structure by means of galvanic deposi- a 30 tion and/or coating on the metal structure is carried out by means of a physical gas phase deposition.

Because of this a catalytic coating of the metal structure can be achieved for example so that the metal structure is not only suitable for particle separation from the smoke gas but also for the after treatment of the smoke gas 5 for example through oxidation or reduction of the nitrogen oxides in the smoke gas.

According to a further development of the method according to the in- vention, it is also provided that filaments and/or fibres with different cross- sectional area are used for forming the metal structure. Accordingly it is possible for example to use filaments and fibres which in a sectional view are cruciform or trapezium-shaped for forming the metal structure. The use of different cross- sectional areas has the advantage that a good adhesive connection of the individ- ual differently formed fibres and/or filaments can thereby be already achieved — before the metal structure is strengthened through a thermal sintering operation since because of the different cross-sectional areas the fibres and/or filaments get hooked up amongst one another and a structure that is strong in itself can thereby be already achieved.

According to a further development of the method according to the in- vention it is also provided that fibres and/or filaments with a configuration that deviates from a stretched configuration are used. Accordingly, fibres and/or fila- S ments that are coil-shaped or twisted similar to a corkscrew can be used for form- N ing the metal structure for example. This configuration ensures that the individu- = 25 al fibres and/or filaments become hooked up with one another for forming a - strong structure.

E v According to a further development of the method according to the in- 0 vention it is also provided that fibres and/or filaments with an outer contour de- i 30 — viating from a smooth-faced outer contour are used for forming the metal struc- ture. The fibres and/or filaments can for example be provided with scales on the outer contour or have a porous structure. Such a design ensures that the surface of the metal structure compared with the surface of a metal structure formed from smooth-faced fibres and/or filaments clearly increases and the absorption area for solid contents to be separated to settle on, increases.

Finally, the invention also creates an internal combustion engine with a device as was described above, and a catalytic converter device coupled to the internal combustion engine, which is characterized in that the device is arranged downstream of the internal combustion engine and upstream of the catalytic con- verter device.

Accordingly, the smoke gas of the internal combustion engine can be admitted to the device according to the invention as fluidically first device in the exhaust tract and thereby prevented that smoke gas is admitted to the catalytic converter device which comprises a large number of solid contents. Such a con- figuration ensures that the catalytic converter can be designed smaller than a cat- alytic converter as is fluidically arranged in the known manner immediately fol- lowing the internal combustion engine.

In the following, the invention is explained in more detail with the help of the drawing. The same shows in: S Fig. 1 an extract from a felted metal structure of an embodi- N ment according to the present invention; T 25 ™ Fig. 2 an enlarged representation of an extract "A" according E to Fig. 1; o 3 LO Fig. 3 representations of different fibres and/or filaments for N 30 forming the metal structure;

Fig. 4 an extract from a felted metal structure of a further em- bodiment according to the present invention; and Fig. 5 a schematic representation of a construction of an inter- nal combustion engine with a connected exhaust tract which comprises a device according to the present invention, a catalytic converter and a heat exchanger as well as a smoke gas extractor.

Fig. 1 of the drawing shows an extract from a metal structure accord- ing to an embodiment according to the present invention with an extract "A" shown enlarged in more detail with the help of Fig. 2 of the drawing.

The metal structure 1 has a substrate structure 2, which can for exam- ple be a temperature-stable flat fabric. This can for example be a metal mesh with reinforcement wires 4 or the like.

In the drawing plane on the left side of the substrate structure, an asymmetrical fibre structure construction 3 is arranged, which has a packing den- sity that decreases in the direction of the substrate structure 2. The packing den- — sity is greatest in the region with the greatest distance from the substrate struc- ture 2, i.e. the hollow spaces located there are designed smallest while the hollow spaces are designed increasing in the direction of the substrate structure 2.

N N The fibre structure 3 has a construction formed similar to a felt, which = 25 is evident in more detail with the help of Fig. 2 of the drawing. The construction is - characterized in particular in that the fibres are randomly arranged without hav- i ing a course in each case that is specifically orientated relative to one another. o 3 LO The extract "A" shown enlarged in Fig. 2 shows a plurality of metal fi- i 30 bres 5, which are arranged in an orientation running randomly relative to one another and contact one another at connecting points 6 which are shown enlarged and are there fixed to one another by means of a thermal sintering operation so that the fibre structure 3 thus formed can in the following be further processed for example by means of a mechanical forming operation, for example compacted. Because of this, the packing density of the metal structure 1 can also be influenced ina controlled manner.

In addition to this, the fibre structure 3 has also been treated by means of a catalytic coating so that in addition to the separation of solid contents from the smoke gas of the internal combustion engine 7 shown in Fig. 5 further treat- ment of the smoke gas by means for example of oxidation or reduction of the ni- trogen oxides is possible.

Fig. 3 shows a plurality of possible configurations of the fibres and/or filaments from a metal material that can be used for forming the metal structure according to the invention.

As is easily visible, the filament 8 can have an elongated configuration with a smooth outer contour and be formed in the shape of a circular disc in cross section. Alternatively or additionally, filaments 9 formed similar to a coil can also be employed, which are formed flat in a sectional view.

Likewise alternatively or additionally, filaments 10 can also be used S which in a top view are formed zig-zag shaped and cruciform in the cross- N sectional view. Finally, Fig. 3 also shows a further embodiment of filaments 11 = 25 which are present twisted to one another and which are formed diamond-shaped - in a cross-sectional view and which can likewise be used additionally or alterna- i tively to all other forms of fibres and/or filaments for forming the metal structure. o 3 LO Fig. 4 of the drawing shows a further embodiment of a metal structure i 30 1 with a substrate structure 2 and a fibre structure 3 arranged thereon with a plu- rality of filaments 10 formed zig-zag shaped for forming a filter structure 12 for removing solid contents from the smoke gas of the internal combustion engine 7. In addition to the filaments 10, the embodiment according to Fig. 4 also comprises filaments 8 which are elongated and formed with a smooth outer surface and which serves as reinforcing structure of the substrate structure 2. Finally Fig. 4, additionally shows a further filament 13 of a metal material which on its outer surface is provided with scales 14 and thus has a large surface and can be used alternatively or additionally to all fibre forms shown in Fig. 3 of the drawing for forming the metal structure 1 and because of the scales 14 has a large outer sur- face for separating solid contents from the smoke gas and for forming a catalyti- cally effectively coated surface.

Fig. 5 of the drawing shows a schematic representation of an internal combustion engine 7 with an exhaust gas filter 15 directly following the internal combustion engine downstream, which at the same time serves for the desul- — phurisation of the smoke gases of the internal combustion engine 7. Desulphuri- sation can in this case be achieved through measures within the engine or down- stream of the engine such as for example a temporary pre-positioning of the start of the fuel injection in at least one working cylinder of the internal combustion engine for making available hydrocarbons in the smoke gas for achieving the acti- vation temperature that is needed for regeneration.

Other measures are also pos- sible here.

S Downstream of the exhaust gas filter 15 a catalytic converter for fur- N ther treatment of the smoke gas is arranged, which is followed by a heat exchang- = 25 er 17, via which the heat energy contained in the smoke gas can be extracted in - order to for example serve for fuel preheating or heating of buildings.

Finally, the i smoke gas leaves the exhaust tract via a smoke gas extractor 8. Since the smoke v gas can already be desulphurised in the exhaust gas filter 15, it can be exposed to 0 a substantially more intensive heat extractor in the following heat exchanger 17 i 30 than is the case with known systems, since the smoke gas has already been desul-

phurised and the risk of sulphuric acid corrosion on reaching the dew point no longer exists.

Since the solid contents have also already been extracted from the smoke gas in the exhaust gas filter 15, the catalytic converter 16 and also the heat exchanger 17 can be formed substantially smaller than is the case with known systems, since there is no risk of the catalytic converter and of the heat exchanger being clogged up by the solid particles in the smoke gas any longer.

Through the specific surface structure of the metal filaments, such as for example scales, the formation of porous surfaces through leaching, the effec- tive surface of the metal structure can be significantly enlarged and particle adhe- sion thereby improved.

The metal filaments can be catalytically coated in order to be able to simultaneously carry out the removal of solids and oxidation of the smoke gas.

Through plastic deformation of the metal filaments for forming for example a wave shape, the mechanical and separation-related characteristics of the metal structure can be improved.

In addition, the metal structure, following its for- mation, can be additionally reworked by mechanical forming in order to influence for example the packing density.

By way of a thermal sintering process, the me- chanical strength of the metal structure can be improved, through the combina- tion of fibres and/or filaments of metal that are different in thickness and differ- S ently shaped the strength of the metal structure on the one hand can be influ- N enced and on the other end also the packing density adjusted.

Finally it is also = 25 possible to combine non-metallic filaments and/or fibres with metallic filaments - and/or fibres for forming the metal structure, in order for example to reduce the E mass of the filter structure formed with the metal structure. o 3 LO With respect to features of the invention which are not explained in i 30 more detail, reference is otherwise expressly made to the respective drawing.

List of reference numbers

1. Metal structure

2. Substrate structure

3. Fibre structure construction, fibre structure 4, Reinforcement wire

5. Metal fibres

6. Connecting point

7. Internal combustion engine

8. Fibre, filament

9. Fibre, filament

10. Fibre, filament

11. Fibre, filament

12. Filter structures

13. Fibre, filament

14. Scales

15. Exhaust gas filter

16. Catalytic converter

17. Heat exchanger

18. Smoke gas extractor oO

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Claims

Patent Claims

1. A device for removing solid contents from the smoke gas of internal combustion engines (7) or industrial gas turbines, wherein the device has a struc- ture with metallic particles, characterized in that the metallic particles are con- nected into a felted or felt-like metal structure (1) and are arranged on a flat sub- strate structure (2) and that the packing density of the metal structure (1) de- creases in the direction of the substrate structure (2).

2. The device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the metal — structure (1) is asymmetrically designed and the metallic particles are largely provided arranged on a cover side of the substrate structure (2).

3. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, character- ized in that the metal structure (1) comprises metallic filaments (8, 9, 10, 11, 13) and/or fibres (8, 9, 10, 11, 13).

4. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, character- ized in that the metal structure (1) comprises non-metallic filaments and/or fi- bres.

5. A method for producing a felted or felt-like metal structure, charac- terized by the step of thermal sintering of metallic fibres (8, 9, 10, 11, 13) and/or filaments (8, 9, 10, 11, 13) and by at least one of the following steps for the sur- face treatment of a felted or felt-like metal structure (1): - applying a coating to the metal structure (1) by means of galvanic N deposition, N - applying a coating to the metal structure (1) by means of a physical = 25 — gas phase deposition. -

6. The method according to Claim 5, characterized by the use of fibres E (8, 9, 10, 11, 13) and/or filaments (8, 9, 10, 11, 13) with different cross-sectional v area. 0

7. The method according to Claim 5 or 6, characterized by the use of fi- N 30 bres (8,9, 10, 11, 13) and/or filaments (8, 9, 10, 11, 13) with a configuration that deviates from a stretched configuration.

8. The method according to any one of the Claims 5 to 7, characterized by the use of fibres (8, 9, 10, 11, 13) and/or filaments (8, 9, 10, 11, 13) with an outer contour that deviates from a smooth-phased outer contour.

9. An internal combustion engine (7) with a device according to any one of the Claims 1 to 4 and a catalytic converter device (15) that is coupled to the internal combustion engine (7), characterized in that the device is arranged downstream of the internal combustion engine (7) and upstream of the catalytic converter device (15).

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