JP2016083661A - Apparatus for removing solid component from flue gas of internal combustion engine or industrial gas turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To create an apparatus having metallic particles and manufactured at low cost for removing solid from flue gas of an internal combustion engine or an industrial gas turbine.SOLUTION: Proposed is an apparatus for removing a solid component from flue gas of an internal combustion engine (7) or an industrial gas turbine, the apparatus having a structure having metallic particles, the metallic particles being bonded, formed into a felt or felt-like metallic structure (1) and provided in a flat support part structure (2).SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus for removing solid components from combustion exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine or an industrial gas turbine, and the apparatus has a structure having metal particles according to claim 1. .

  The removal of solids from combustion exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine using a particulate filter is known, for example, from the automobile field. It is also already known to use a felt-like filter structure to clean flue gas in power plants, the filter structure being periodically cleaned using pressurized air, so that the filter structure The formation of excess filter cake prevents pressure loss from being increased. The filter materials used for this are typically heat resistant in the range of 220 ° C. to 250 ° C., while the exhaust gas temperatures of internal combustion engines, which are increasingly used in power plant technology, are from 380 ° C. to 400 ° C. The exhaust gas temperature of industrial gas turbines similarly used in power plant technology is in the range of 500 ° C to 600 ° C.

  Conventionally used filter structures are unsuitable for use in the above temperature range of internal combustion engines and industrial gas turbines. Thus, filter structures in the form of sintered filters or metal foam filters for hot gas filtration are already known, but the separation efficiency of the filter structure is inconvenient in the ratio to the pressure loss created by the filter. In addition, the production of the filter structure is costly.

  A filter with metal particles in the form of metal fibers oriented in the longitudinal direction is already known on the basis of US Pat. No. 6,057,089, which filter is used to separate soot particles from diesel engine exhaust.

German Patent Application No. 112008003152

  An object of the present invention is to create a device for removing solid components from combustion exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine or an industrial gas turbine. The device has metal particles and can be manufactured at low cost. Can be surface treated to provide further treatment of exhaust gas, and the apparatus simultaneously meets temperature stability for modern engines and industrial gas turbines such as those used in power plant technology. A method for performing a surface treatment on the device according to the invention must also be created.

  The present invention has the features described in claim 1 in order to solve the above-mentioned problems relating to the apparatus. Advantageous configurations of the features are set out in the further claims. The invention further comprises a felt-like or felt-like metal structure according to claim 6 and a method for surface treatment of a felt-like or felt-like metal structure according to claim 7. And create.

  The present invention creates an apparatus for removing solid components from flue gas of an internal combustion engine or industrial gas turbine, the apparatus having a structure with metal particles, the metal particles being joined together to form a felt or The metal structure is similar to a felt, and is provided on a flat support structure.

  Expressed in the concept of a felt-like or felt-like metal structure is that the metal particles of the device according to the present invention are provided in a configuration that is not directional with respect to each other, thereby depending on the device. For the required mounting volume, a large surface is provided which is provided for flue gas filtration. Furthermore, this eliminates the need for the metal particles required to form the metal structure to be positioned in a mutually oriented position using special manufacturing steps, which reduces manufacturing costs and further reduces the metal particles. By using it, it is realized that the device according to the present invention can withstand the exhaust gas temperature range of an industrial gas turbine continuously.

  According to the further structure of this invention, the metal structure is formed asymmetrically and it is performed that the metal particle is provided in the coating surface of the support structure substantially. In known filter structures, a filter nonwoven is provided between two coating layers, which protect the filter nonwoven and help prevent the material from flowing out of the nonwoven in an uncontrolled manner. In the device according to the invention, the support structure is provided on only one side, which results in an asymmetric configuration of the metal structure. The uncontrolled flow of metal particles from the felt-like metal composite structure is due to the reason that the individual particles should not be concerned because they have a large fixing force with each other.

  That is, the metal structure can be formed, for example, as a mat-like object, having a support structure that is in contact with one covering surface of the mat, and the mat-like object thus formed has a tubular shape and emits combustion exhaust gas. The conduit to be passed can be surrounded, whereby the flue gas can enter the mat-like structure in the radial direction, and solid components can accumulate in the hollow space between the felt-like metal particles. Due to the asymmetric configuration, the hollow space becomes smaller in the radial direction and the combustion exhaust gas itself can pass through, but it is realized that the solid component contained in the combustion exhaust gas is retained in the metal structure.

  In order to realize an asymmetrical structure, in a further configuration of the invention, the packing density of the metal structure is reduced towards the support structure. At this time, the packing density is understood to be the number of metal particles per unit volume of the metal structure. The large number of metal particles per unit volume ensures that the volume of the hollow space present between the particles is small, thus ensuring that the area utilized for the passage of solid components from the flue gas is small, The small number ensures that the hollow space is large and therefore the depth of penetration of the solid component into the metal structure is large. The solid component can therefore enter the felt-like or felt-like metal structure from the support structure, but cannot pass through the metal structure.

  At this time, according to the further structure of this invention, it is performed that a metal structure has a metal thread | yarn and / or a fiber. Yarns and / or fibers can have different lengths and different diameters so that the packing density can be targeted and controlled. Thus, for example, yarns and / or fibers having a relatively large diameter are provided closer to the support structure than yarns and / or fibers having a relatively small diameter.

  According to a further configuration of the invention, it is also provided that the metal structure has non-metallic threads and / or fibers, which non-metallic threads and / or fibers have, for example, a ceramic component or a quartz component. It can be yarns and / or fibers, whereby the mass of the metal structure per unit volume can likewise be targeted and controlled.

  The present invention also creates a method for producing a felt-like or felt-like metal structure comprising the step of thermally sintering metal fibers and / or yarns. By thermal sintering, the fibers and / or yarns are bonded to each other at the points where the fibers and / or yarns contact, thus creating a structure that can be mechanically loaded, In the body, the risk of threads and / or fibers coming off from the structure is reduced, thereby eliminating the need to provide a covering layer on the two covering surfaces of the metal structure.

  Also according to a further configuration of the method described above, felt-like or felt-like by coating the metal structure using galvanic deposition and / or coating the metal structure using physical vapor deposition The surface treatment is performed on the metal structure.

  Thereby, for example, a catalytic coating of a metal structure can be realized, whereby the metal structure is not only suitable for separating particles from the flue gas, but also for example by oxidation or reduction of nitrogen oxides in the flue gas It is also suitable for aftertreatment of flue gas.

  According to a further configuration of the method according to the invention, yarns and / or fibers having different cross-sectional areas are used to form the metal structure. That is, for example, to form a metal structure, it is possible to use threads and / or fibers formed in a cross or trapezoid when viewed in cross section. By using different cross-sectional areas, it is possible to achieve good adhesion of individually and differently formed fibers and / or yarns before the metal structure is fixed by a thermal sintering process. There is an advantage. This is because, due to the different cross-sectional areas, the fibers and / or yarns mesh with each other, so that a structure that is already itself rigid can be realized.

  Also according to a further configuration of the method according to the invention, fibers and / or yarns having a shape different from the stretched shape are used. Thus, for example, spiral or twisted fibers and / or threads, similar to cork screws, can be used to form metal structures. This shape ensures that the individual fibers and / or yarns engage with each other, thereby forming a rigid structure.

  According to a further configuration of the method according to the invention, fibers and / or yarns having an external contour different from the planar external contour are used to form the metal structure. The fibers and / or yarns may, for example, have flakes at the outer contour or have a porous structure. Such a configuration is used for the deposition of solid components that significantly increase the surface of the metal structure and thereby separate, compared to the surface of the metal structure formed from planar fibers and / or yarns. Ensure that the receiving surface increases.

  The invention finally comprises an internal combustion engine comprising a device as described above and a catalytic device coupled to the internal combustion engine, said device being provided downstream of the internal combustion engine and upstream of the catalytic device. To create an internal combustion engine characterized by

  As a result, the apparatus according to the present invention can supply combustion exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine as the first apparatus in terms of fluid technology in the exhaust gas path, thereby supplying fuel gas having a large amount of solid components to the catalyst apparatus. Can be prevented. Such a configuration ensures that the catalyst can be formed smaller than the catalyst provided in direct connection with the internal combustion engine in a known manner in a fluidic manner.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings. The drawings show the following.

It is a figure which shows the part of the felt-like metal structure of embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which expands and displays the part "A" of FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing different fibers and / or yarns for forming a metal structure. It is a figure which shows the part of the felt-like metal structure of further embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which displays roughly the structure of the internal combustion engine to which the exhaust gas path which has the apparatus which concerns on this invention, a catalyst, a heat exchanger, and a combustion exhaust gas discharge port was connected.

  FIG. 1 of the drawing shows a portion of a metal structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, which has a portion “A” enlarged and displayed in more detail based on FIG. 2 of the drawing.

  The metal structure 1 has the support part structure 2, and the support part structure may be a flat woven fabric having temperature stability, for example. The support structure may be, for example, a metal mesh provided with a reinforcing wire 4.

  In the plane of the drawing, an asymmetric fiber structure 3 is provided on the left side of the support structure, and the fiber structure has a packing density that decreases toward the support structure 2. The packing density is greatest in the region where the distance from the support structure 2 is the maximum. That is, the hollow space existing in the region is formed to be the smallest, while the hollow space is formed to increase toward the support portion structure 2.

  The fiber structure 3 has a structure formed to resemble felt, and the structure is understood in more detail based on FIG. 2 of the drawings. In particular, the structure is characterized in that the fibers are provided randomly and do not unfold with their respective targeted orientations.

  A portion “A” enlarged in FIG. 2 shows a large number of metal fibers 5, and the metal fibers are provided so as to be unfolded at random, and at a joint point 6 displayed in an enlarged manner. The fibrous structures 3 that are in contact and secured to each other using a thermal sintering process at the bonding points, and thus formed in this way, can then be further processed, for example, compressed, for example by a mechanical deformation process. . Thereby, the packing density of the metal structure 1 is also influenced in a controlled state.

  Furthermore, the fiber structure 3 is also treated with a catalyst coating, thereby separating solid components from the combustion exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine 7 displayed in FIG. Further treatment of the combustion exhaust gas by oxidation is possible.

  FIG. 3 shows a number of possible shapes of fibers and / or yarns of metallic material that can be used to form a metal structure according to the present invention.

  As can be easily seen, the thread 8 can have a long elongated shape with a flat outer contour and can be formed in a disk shape in cross section. Alternatively or additionally, a thread 9 formed similar to a helix can be used, which is formed flat when viewed in cross section.

  Similarly, alternatively or additionally, a thread 10 may be used that is formed in a zigzag shape in plan and in a cross shape in cross section. FIG. 3 finally also shows a further embodiment of the thread 11, which are twisted together and formed in a rhombus when viewed in cross section, for forming a metal structure. It can be used alternatively or additionally for all other shapes of yarns and / or fibers as well.

  FIG. 4 of the drawing is a zigzag shape for forming the support structure 2 and the filter structure 12 provided on the support structure for removing solid components from the combustion exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine 7. A further embodiment of the metal structure 1 with a fiber structure 3 having a number of threads 10 formed is shown. The embodiment according to FIG. 4 also has a thread 8 in addition to the thread 10, the thread is elongated and formed with a flat outer surface, and the reinforcing structure of the support structure 2. It is useful as a body. FIG. 4 finally also shows a further fiber 13 made of a metallic material, which fiber is provided with a flake 14 on the outer surface and thus has a large surface, as shown in FIG. 3 of the drawing. Can be used as an alternative or in addition to all the fiber shapes to form the finished metal structure 1 and is coated with a flake 14 to separate solid components from the flue gas and to act catalytically A large external surface for forming a rough surface.

  FIG. 5 of the drawings schematically shows the internal combustion engine 7 with an exhaust gas filter 15 which is connected directly to the internal combustion engine downstream and at the same time serves to desulfurize the combustion exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine 7. At this time, desulfurization can be realized by measures inside the engine or measures after the engine. For example, in order to prepare the hydrocarbons in the flue gas in order to achieve the activation temperature required for regeneration, at least the internal combustion engine It can be realized by moving the start of fuel injection into one working cylinder forward in time. Other measures are possible at this time.

  A catalyst is provided downstream of the exhaust gas filter 15 to perform further processing on the combustion exhaust gas. The catalyst is followed by a heat exchanger 17, and the heat energy contained in the combustion exhaust gas is removed via the heat exchanger. For example, useful for fuel preheating or building heating. The combustion exhaust gas finally leaves the exhaust gas path via the combustion exhaust gas outlet 18. Since the flue gas can already be desulfurized in the exhaust gas filter 15, the subsequent heat exchanger 17 can undergo substantially greater heat removal than in known equipment. This is because the combustion exhaust gas has already been desulfurized, and therefore the risk of sulfuric acid corrosion when the dew point is reached is eliminated.

  Since solid components have already been removed from the flue gas by the exhaust gas filter 15, the catalyst 16 and the heat exchanger 17 can also be formed substantially smaller than in known equipment. This is because the risk that the catalyst and the heat exchanger are blocked by the solid particles in the combustion exhaust gas is eliminated.

  By virtue of the special surface structure of the metal yarn, such as flakes, the formation of a porous surface by washing, the effective surface of the metal structure can be significantly increased, thereby improving the particle sticking.

  The metal yarn can be coated with a catalyst, so that the removal of solid particles and the oxidation of the flue gas can be carried out simultaneously. For example, by mechanically deforming the metal yarn to form a corrugation, the mechanical and separation technical properties of the metal structure can be improved. The metal structure can also be post-processed by mechanical deformation after formation, thereby affecting the packing density, for example. The thermal sintering process can improve the mechanical strength of the metal structure, and the strength of the metal structure can be affected by combining fibers and / or yarns of different thicknesses and shapes made of metal. While it can be done, the packing density can also be adjusted. Finally, it is also possible to combine non-metallic yarns and / or fibers with metallic yarns and / or fibers to form a metal structure, for example a filter structure formed by a metal structure Reduce body mass.

  For other features of the invention that are not individually described in more detail, the corresponding drawings are explicitly referred to.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Metal structure 2 Support part structure 3 Fiber structure structure, fiber structure 4 Reinforcement wire 5 Metal fiber 6 Bonding point 7 Internal combustion engine 8 Fiber, thread 9 Fiber, thread 10 Fiber, thread 11 Fiber, thread 12 Filter structure 13 Fiber, thread 14 Thin piece 15 Exhaust gas filter 16 Catalyst 17 Heat exchanger 18 Combustion exhaust gas outlet

Claims (11)

  An apparatus for removing a solid component from combustion exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine (7) or an industrial gas turbine, the apparatus having a structure having metal particles, wherein the metal particles are combined. Felt-like or felt-like metal structure (1) and provided on a flat support structure (2).   The device according to claim 1, wherein the metal structure (1) is formed asymmetrically, and the metal particles are generally provided on the covering surface of the support structure (2).   Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the packing density of the metal structure (1) decreases towards the support structure (2).   The metal structure (1) comprises metal threads (8, 9, 10, 11, 13) and / or fibers (8, 9, 10, 11, 13). The apparatus as described in any one of.   Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal structure (1) comprises non-metallic threads and / or fibers.   A method for producing a felt-like or felt-like metal structure comprising metal fibers (8, 9, 10, 11, 13) and / or yarns (8, 9, 10, 11, 13). A method comprising the step of sintering by heat. The following steps for surface treatment of a felt-like or felt-like metal structure (1), ie applying a coating to said metal structure (1) using galvanic deposition;
Providing the metal structure (1) with a coating using physical vapor deposition;
7. A method according to claim 6, characterized in that at least one of:   8. A method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized by the use of fibers (8, 9, 10, 11, 13) and / or yarns (8, 9, 10, 11, 13) having different cross-sectional areas.   9. The use of any of claims 6 to 8, characterized by the use of fibers (8, 9, 10, 11, 13) and / or yarns (8, 9, 10, 11, 13) having a shape different from the stretched shape. The method according to claim 1.   10. Use of fibers (8, 9, 10, 11, 13) and / or threads (8, 9, 10, 11, 13) having an outer contour different from the planar outer contour. The method as described in any one of. An internal combustion engine (7) comprising the device according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and a catalytic device (15) coupled to the internal combustion engine (7), the device being the internal combustion engine ( An internal combustion engine provided downstream of 7) and upstream of the catalyst device (15).

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