CN105542438A - 一种耐划伤的汽车仿皮内饰材料 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种耐划伤的汽车仿皮内饰材料，由下列重量份的原料制成：羊毛纤维25-30、壳聚糖4-5、二氧化钛2-3、聚乙二醇0.6-1、水性聚氨酯100-110、双十二烷基二甲基溴化铵0.2-0.4、黏土5-6、二甲基硅油3-4、淀粉8-10、滑石粉7-9、三元乙丙橡胶5-6、去离子水适量；本发明制备的材料具有很好的装饰性，且耐磨、耐划伤性能好，延长了使用寿命，生产工艺简单，可大规模生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种耐划伤的汽车仿皮内饰材料。
背景技术
随着汽车行业的飞速发展，消费者在购车时不仅仅只是看重汽车外部造型的美观，越来越多的消费者对汽车内饰材料的美观，功能性，低排放提出了更高的要求，汽车内饰材料已经成为影响汽车整车品质和档次的重要因素。目前汽车内饰材有PVC人造皮革，PU人造革等。用于汽车内饰的材料，应该具有良好的各项性能指标，比如，耐光照、耐低温柔韧性，阻燃好，低雾化，同时要求需满足法律法规的对原材料的成分的要求，并且要求提出内饰件的可回收比例越来越高。但是，现在常用的汽车内饰材料存在或多或少的问题，不能够满足大众消费者对内饰材料的要求，随着节能减排环保口号的提出，因此，有必要研发新型环保可回收利用的汽车内饰材料。
聚氨酯材料因其独特的结构以及优良的性能被应用到许多领域，一直是研究的热点，而水性聚氨酯材料因其具有低成本，无污染，柔性好等优点，具有广阔的应用前景，以聚氨酯加工出的合成革和人造革具有很好的优势，如强度高、耐磨性好、耐屈挠性好、耐低温性和耐油、耐化学品性能好，但是缺点是水性聚氨酯的耐水性和耐热性不高，透湿性能差，严重影响材料的使用寿命和人体舒适度，降低汽车的性能，本发明着重于这方面的改善，以期达到人们对汽车内饰件材料的要求。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷，提供一种耐划伤的汽车仿皮内饰材料。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种耐划伤的汽车仿皮内饰材料，由下列重量份的原料制成：羊毛纤维25-30、壳聚糖4-5、二氧化钛2-3、聚乙二醇0.6-1、水性聚氨酯100-110、双十二烷基二甲基溴化铵0.2-0.4、黏土5-6、二甲基硅油3-4、淀粉8-10、滑石粉7-9、三元乙丙橡胶5-6、去离子水适量；
所述一种耐划伤的汽车仿皮内饰材料，由下列具体制备方法制备制成：
（1）将羊毛纤维进行脱脂除臭处理，再对其进行机械粉碎，得到平均粒径低于10μm的羊毛纤维，再将壳聚糖用5%醋酸溶液溶解得到8-10%的壳聚糖溶液，然后将二氧化钛和聚乙二醇混合用4-5倍量去离子水超声分散均匀，加入上述壳聚糖溶液继续分散5-10min，最后将羊毛纤维浸渍到混合液中，浸渍10-20min；
（2）将羊毛纤维和混合液一起转移到高温高压反应釜中，于100-120°C下恒温处理0.5-1h，将改性羊毛取出后用去离子水洗涤至溶液澄清，最后自然晾干备用；
（3）将二甲基硅油、淀粉和去离子水混合，加热搅拌形成糊状，再加入水性聚氨酯快速搅拌1-2h，将双十二烷基二甲基溴化铵用3-4倍量的乙醇溶解，再将黏土加到双十二烷基二甲基溴化铵溶液中超声分散10-20min，过滤用去离子水洗涤至中性后烘干；
（4）将黏土和改性水性聚氨酯乳液加到磁力搅拌器中，在恒温水浴中加热蒸发1-2h，再将改性水性聚氨酯乳液流延成膜，于60-90°C的温度下干燥备用；
（5）将步骤（4）得到的改性水性聚氨酯和其他剩余物质加到双螺杆挤出机中，喂料口加入步骤（2）制备的改性羊毛纤维，在100-110°C的温度下，螺杆转速为150转/分的条件下挤出造粒，得到本发明材料。
本发明的优点是：本发明采用水性聚氨酯材料作为汽车内饰材料，无毒环保，对人体健康无害，并且采用淀粉增强改性水性聚氨酯的硬度、强度和抗冲击力，延长其使用寿命，并且将壳聚糖和二氧化钛负载在羊毛纤维上，增强其抗菌、抗紫外、自清洁和防缩的作用，改性的羊毛纤维加到聚氨酯中不影响其力学性能和热稳定性的情况下增强了透湿性，提高了人体舒适度且容易清洗，添加的滑石粉和三元乙丙橡胶能够降低材料的生产成本，且能够提高耐磨、耐划伤、柔韧性等方面的性能，本发明制备的材料具有很好的装饰性，且耐磨、耐划伤性能好，延长了使用寿命，生产工艺简单，可大规模生产。
具体实施方式
一种耐划伤的汽车仿皮内饰材料，由下列重量份（公斤）的原料制成：羊毛纤维25、壳聚糖4、二氧化钛2、聚乙二醇0.6、水性聚氨酯100、双十二烷基二甲基溴化铵0.2、黏土5、二甲基硅油3、淀粉8、滑石粉7、三元乙丙橡胶5、去离子水适量；
所述一种耐划伤的汽车仿皮内饰材料，由下列具体制备方法制备制成：
（1）将羊毛纤维进行脱脂除臭处理，再对其进行机械粉碎，得到平均粒径低于10μm的羊毛纤维，再将壳聚糖用5%醋酸溶液溶解得到8%的壳聚糖溶液，然后将二氧化钛和聚乙二醇混合用4倍量去离子水超声分散均匀，加入上述壳聚糖溶液继续分散5min，最后将羊毛纤维浸渍到混合液中，浸渍10min；
（2）将羊毛纤维和混合液一起转移到高温高压反应釜中，于100°C下恒温处理0.5h，将改性羊毛取出后用去离子水洗涤至溶液澄清，最后自然晾干备用；
（3）将二甲基硅油、淀粉和去离子水混合，加热搅拌形成糊状，再加入水性聚氨酯快速搅拌1h，将双十二烷基二甲基溴化铵用3倍量的乙醇溶解，再将黏土加到双十二烷基二甲基溴化铵溶液中超声分散10min，过滤用去离子水洗涤至中性后烘干；
（4）将黏土和改性水性聚氨酯乳液加到磁力搅拌器中，在恒温水浴中加热蒸发1h，再将改性水性聚氨酯乳液流延成膜，于60°C的温度下干燥备用；
（5）将步骤（4）得到的改性水性聚氨酯和其他剩余物质加到双螺杆挤出机中，喂料口加入步骤（2）制备的改性羊毛纤维，在100°C的温度下，螺杆转速为150转/分的条件下挤出造粒，得到本发明材料。
性能测试：
按照实施例制备对其材料进行测试，结果如下：透湿性：3448g/(m2﹡24h)，吸水率：5.3%，断裂延伸率：594%，拉伸强度：143Mpa，耐老化性：4级，耐光老化性：4级，压延加工性：良好。
Claims (2)
1.一种耐划伤的汽车仿皮内饰材料，其特征在于，由下列重量份的原料制成：羊毛纤维25-30、壳聚糖4-5、二氧化钛2-3、聚乙二醇0.6-1、水性聚氨酯100-110、双十二烷基二甲基溴化铵0.2-0.4、黏土5-6、二甲基硅油3-4、淀粉8-10、滑石粉7-9、三元乙丙橡胶5-6、去离子水适量。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种耐划伤的汽车仿皮内饰材料，其特征在于，由下列具体制备方法制备制成：
（1）将羊毛纤维进行脱脂除臭处理，再对其进行机械粉碎，得到平均粒径低于10μm的羊毛纤维，再将壳聚糖用5%醋酸溶液溶解得到8-10%的壳聚糖溶液，然后将二氧化钛和聚乙二醇混合用4-5倍量去离子水超声分散均匀，加入上述壳聚糖溶液继续分散5-10min，最后将羊毛纤维浸渍到混合液中，浸渍10-20min；
（2）将羊毛纤维和混合液一起转移到高温高压反应釜中，于100-120°C下恒温处理0.5-1h，将改性羊毛取出后用去离子水洗涤至溶液澄清，最后自然晾干备用；
（3）将二甲基硅油、淀粉和去离子水混合，加热搅拌形成糊状，再加入水性聚氨酯快速搅拌1-2h，将双十二烷基二甲基溴化铵用3-4倍量的乙醇溶解，再将黏土加到双十二烷基二甲基溴化铵溶液中超声分散10-20min，过滤用去离子水洗涤至中性后烘干；
（4）将黏土和改性水性聚氨酯乳液加到磁力搅拌器中，在恒温水浴中加热蒸发1-2h，再将改性水性聚氨酯乳液流延成膜，于60-90°C的温度下干燥备用；
（5）将步骤（4）得到的改性水性聚氨酯和其他剩余物质加到双螺杆挤出机中，喂料口加入步骤（2）制备的改性羊毛纤维，在100-110°C的温度下，螺杆转速为150转/分的条件下挤出造粒，得到本发明材料。
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