CN105541579A - 一种制备光学活性羰基化合物的方法 - Google Patents

一种制备光学活性羰基化合物的方法 Download PDF

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CN105541579A
CN105541579A CN201511025138.8A CN201511025138A CN105541579A CN 105541579 A CN105541579 A CN 105541579A CN 201511025138 A CN201511025138 A CN 201511025138A CN 105541579 A CN105541579 A CN 105541579A
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alkyl
optically active
group
carbonyl compounds
active carbonyl
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CN105541579B (zh
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周有桂
于明
袁金桃
赵雷
朱先冬
余光雄
苏伟伟
邵卫康
石兴兴
张印
丰明
陈志荣
李浩然
张玉红
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SHANDONG XINHECHENG PHARMACEUTICAL CO Ltd
Zhejiang University ZJU
Zhejiang NHU Co Ltd
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SHANDONG XINHECHENG PHARMACEUTICAL CO Ltd
Zhejiang University ZJU
Zhejiang NHU Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2017554074A priority patent/JP6648156B2/ja
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Priority to PCT/CN2016/107590 priority patent/WO2017114058A1/zh
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种制备光学活性羰基化合物的方法,包括以下步骤:在手性胺盐和过渡金属催化剂的催化下,以氢气和催化量的二氢吡啶化合物为氢源,α,β-不饱和醛或α,β-不饱和酮化合物进行不对称催化氢化反应,得到所述的光学活性羰基化合物。该方法反应条件温和,操作简单,二氢吡啶化合物的用量为催化量,使得目标产物易于从反应体系中分离纯化,同时,金属催化剂可以实现回收套用,符合经济性要求。

Description

一种制备光学活性羰基化合物的方法
技术领域
本发明属于不对称催化有机合成技术领域,具体涉及一种以α,β-不饱和醛或α,β-不饱和酮化合物为原料经不对称催化氢化反应制备光学活性羰基化合物的方法。
背景技术
光学活性羰基化合物是合成医药、香精香料、农药等的重要中间体。而对α,β-不饱和羰基化合物的碳碳双键进行选择性不对称加氢反应,是获得光学活性羰基化合物的重要途径。化学家已经开发了不同对α,β-不饱和羰基化合物的碳碳双键进行选择性不对称加氢反应的方法,这些方法及其存在的技术问题如下:
(1)采用氢气为氢源的均相催化反应,由于这类方法是使用催化量均相催化剂利用氢气对碳碳双键进行氢化的方法,不需要添加反应助剂,催化剂可以循环,因而不会产生大量的副产物。CN101675020介绍了一种合成光学活性羰基化合物的方法和该方法在制备光学活性的(R)-香茅醛中的应用,该方法需要用到对空气敏感的膦配体chiraphos,反应气需要用到一定比例的一氧化碳和氢气,而且,为了催化剂能够循环套用,需要在一定的条件下对催化剂进行再生(AsymmetricCatalysisonIndustrialScale,ed.Blaser,H.-U.,H.-J.Federsel.Wiley-VCH,Weinheim,Germany,2010,pp.187-205)。
(2)CN103249484描述了一种采用氢气为氢源的非均相金属催化反应制备光学活性羰基化合物的方法,该方法采用的催化剂包括金属催化剂、手性环状含氮化合物和酸,其反应机理可能涉及双催化循环(Chem.Commun.,2012,48,1772-1774)。非均相金属催化剂虽然易于从反应溶液中回收,但难免在反应溶液中发生流失或者失活等不良现象。
(3)以二氢吡啶化合物为负氢源对α,β-不饱和羰基化合物进行氢转移的不对称氢化反应是制备光学活性羰基化合物的另一个重要方法。2005年,MacMillan采用了该方法,使用化学计量的二氢吡啶化合物将负氢选择性地转移到不饱和醛的双键中,从而得到光学活性的β-取代醛(J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2005,127,32-33)。2006年,BenjaminList报道了一种使用手性有机盐为催化剂,二氢吡啶化合物为负氢源制备光学活性羰基化合物的方法,其主要特征是:手性有机盐催化剂由手性磷酸酯阴离子及非手性铵离子组成,二氢吡啶化合物的用量是化学计量(Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2006,45,4193-4195)。CN103724170描述了一种以柠檬醛为初始原料不对称合成右旋香茅醛的方法,该方法同样采用了化学计量的二氢吡啶化合物为负氢源。需要使用化学计量的二氢吡啶化合物的原因是,二氢吡啶化合物在反应体系中最终会反应变成吡啶化合物,因此,二氢吡啶化合物在反应体系中是无法循环再生的氢源;同时,大量二氢吡啶化合物残留在反应体系难以与目标产物分离,这显然不符合经济要求。
因此,为了克服上述现有方法存在的技术问题,需要开发一种操作更为简单、反应条件温和且更加经济的制备光学活性羰基化合物的新方法。这种新方法要求满足以下特点:催化剂能够易于实现回收套用,同时能够维持原来的反应活性水平;如果使用二氢吡啶化合物作为负氢源,应该尽可能地少量使用二氢吡啶化合物。周永贵课题组(CN104710377)采用仿生不对称催化技术,使用氢气-金属钌催化剂-催化量的二氢吡咯[1,2-a]并喹喔啉化合物的组合对不饱和亚胺的碳-氮双键进行不对称氢化。目前该仿生不对称催化剂技术主要应用于不饱和亚胺的碳-氮双键的不对称氢化反应,而尚没有应用于不饱和羰基化合物的碳碳双键不对称氢化反应的文献报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种制备光学活性羰基化合物的方法,该方法反应条件温和,操作简单,并且二氢吡啶化合物使用量少并且催化剂可以回收套用。
一种制备光学活性羰基化合物的方法,包括以下步骤:
在手性胺盐和过渡金属催化剂的催化下,以氢气和催化量的二氢吡啶化合物为氢源,α,β-不饱和醛或α,β-不饱和酮化合物进行不对称催化氢化反应,得到所述的光学活性羰基化合物;
所述的α,β-不饱和醛或α,β-不饱和酮化合物的结构如式(Ⅰ)所示:
所述的光学活性羰基化合物的结构如式(Ⅱ)所示:
式(Ⅰ)~(Ⅱ)中,R1、R2、R3独立地选自氢、卤素、烃基(包括烷基、烯基、芳基或者芳烷基)、杂芳基、烷氧基或酰胺基,其中酰胺基指包含-CONH-或-NHCO-的取代基;R1、R2彼此不相同,且R1、R2可以连同和它们相连的原子一起形成5-15元环,R1、R3可以连同和它们相连的原子一起形成5-15元环,R2、R3也可以连同和它们相连的原子一起形成5-15元环;
所述的手性胺盐的结构如式(IV)或(V)所示:
R4选自取代或者未取代的烷基,所述的烷基可以被以下基团中的一种或者多种间断:O、-COO-、-CONH-;
其中,被O间断的烷基为包含醚基或聚醚基的烷基,被-COO-间断的烷基为包含酯基或聚酯基的烷基;被-CONH-间断的烷基为包含酰胺基或聚酰胺基的烷基;
X代表成盐的酸;
*表示不对称碳原子。
本发明人通过一系列的研究,发现使用特定的手性胺盐及金属为催化剂,以氢气及催化量的二氢吡啶化合物为氢源,可以选择性地对α,β-不饱和羰基化合物的碳碳双键进行还原加氢反应,从而制备得到光学活性羰基化合物,而且反应体系中的金属催化剂可以通过简单的处理即可实现回收套用。
具体反应式如下:
在本发明中,对上下文所述的各种烷基、烯基、芳基、芳烷基、杂芳基、烷氧基、酰胺基进行如下定义:
烷基可以是包含1至30个碳原子(优选1至20个碳原子)的环状烷基或直链或支链烷基,并且这些烷基可以具有氟、氯、溴、碘、烷氧基、羟基、芳基等取代基的烷基,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、2-丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、2-戊基、2-戊基、叔戊基、正己基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十五烷基、十六烷基、十七烷基、十八烷基、十九烷基、二十烷基、苯基甲基、1-苯基乙基、2-苯基乙基等。
烯基可以是包含有2至20个碳原子的环状烯基或直链或支链烯基,例如乙烯基、1-丙烯基、2-丙烯基、1-丁烯基、2-丁烯基、3-丁烯基、1-戊烯基、2-戊烯基、3-戊烯基、4-戊烯基、1-己烯基、1-环戊烯基、3-环戊烯基、1-环己烯基、3-环己烯基、4-甲基-3-戊烯基、4,8-二甲基-3,7-壬二烯基等。
芳基可以包含有6至20个碳原子芳基或具有取代基的芳基,例如苯基、萘基、1-甲基苯基、2-甲基苯基、3-甲基苯基、1-甲氧基苯基、2-甲氧基苯基、3-甲氧基苯基、1-叔丁基苯基、2-叔丁基苯基、3-叔丁基苯基、1,2-二甲氧基苯基、1,3-二甲氧基苯基、2,3-二甲氧基苯基、1-硝基苯基、1-氯苯基、1-氟苯基、1-溴苯基、1-碘苯基、1-三氟甲基苯基、2-硝基苯基、2-氯苯基、2-氟苯基、2-溴苯基、2-碘苯基、2-三氟甲基苯基、3-硝基苯基、3-氯苯基、3-氟苯基、3-溴苯基、3-碘苯基、3-三氟甲基苯基等。
杂芳基可以是包含有3至9个碳原子的芳香族杂环基,例如2-呋喃基、2-吡咯基、2-噻吩基、2-吡啶基、2-吲哚基、3-呋喃基、3-吡咯基、3-噻吩基、3-吡啶基、3-吲哚基等。
烷氧基可以是包含1至30个碳原子(优选1至20个碳原子)的环状烷氧基或直链或支链烷氧基,并且这些烷氧基可以具有氟、氯、溴、碘、羟基、芳基等取代基的烷氧基,例如甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、异丁氧基、2-丁氧基、叔丁氧基、正戊氧基、2-戊氧基、2-戊氧基、叔戊氧基、正己氧基、环丙氧基、环丁氧基、环戊氧基、环己氧基、庚氧基、辛氧基、壬氧基、癸氧基、十一烷氧基、十二烷氧基、十三烷氧基、十四烷氧基、十五烷氧基、十六烷氧基、十七烷氧基、十八烷氧基、十九烷氧基、二十烷氧基、苯基甲氧基、1-苯基乙氧基、2-苯基乙氧基等。
酰胺基是包含-CONH-或-NHCO-的取代基,可以是包含1至20个碳原子的酰胺基,例如甲酰胺基、乙酰氨基、丙酰胺基、丁酰胺基、戊酰胺基、己酰胺基、环戊酰胺基、环己酰胺基、苯基甲酰胺基、苯基乙酰胺基、萘酰胺基等。
此外,在本发明所涉及的催化体系中,α,β不饱和羰基化合物作为反应初始原料,可以使用其α位双键和β位双键构成的Z-构型化合物或E-构型化合物各自作为反应物,也可以使用一定比例的Z-构型化合物和E-构型化合物的混合物作为反应物。
作为本发明的α,β不饱和羰基化合物作为反应原料,可以列举如下列式I-1至I-30化合物作为代表性实例(但本发明不限于这些代表性实例),而且,下列结构式中的波形线表示Z-构型或E-构型或两种构型的混合物;特别地,本发明方法更适合优选橙花醛(I-6a)或香叶醛(I-6b)(或橙花醛与香叶醛的混合物)制备得到光学活性的香茅醛,即(R)-香茅醛或(S)-香茅醛,此时,香茅醛的光学纯度取决于橙花醛或香叶醛的纯度:
作为优选,所述的过渡金属催化剂包含钌化合物、铑化合物、铱化合物,可以为Ru(0)、Ru(II)、Ru(III)、Ru(IV)、Rh(0)、Rh(I)、Rh(III)、Ir(0)、Ir(I)、Ir(III)、Ir(IV)化合物。作为优选,所述的过渡金属催化剂包括RuCl2(PPh3)3、[Ru(p-cymene)Cl2]、[Ru(p-cymene)I2]2、RhCl3、Rh2(OAc)4、Rh(CO)2acac、Rh(cod)Cl2、Rh4(CO)12、Ir4(CO)12、Ir(cod)Cl2、[Ir(cod)OMe]2,其中“acac”是乙酰丙酮化合物配体,“cod”是环辛二烯配体。
作为优选,所述的不对称催化氢化反应的溶剂为甲基叔丁基醚、异丙醚、环戊基甲基醚、乙二醇二甲醚、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、甲苯、正己烷、二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、甲醇、乙醇、叔丁醇、叔戊醇、异丙醇、水或者这些溶剂的混合溶剂。优选为叔丁基醚、异丙醚、环戊基甲基醚、乙二醇二甲醚、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃或甲苯。
在本发明的手性胺盐中,作为优选,所述的R4为取代或者未取代的C1~C20烷基,该C1~C20烷基包含环状烷基、直链烷基或支链烷基;所述的烷基上的取代基包括氟、氯、溴、碘、烷氧基、羟基、芳基;作为更进一步的优选,所述的R4为取代或者未取代的C1~C10烷基。
作为另外的优选,所述的R4为甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、2-丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、2-戊基、2-戊基、叔戊基、正己基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、1-茚满基、2-茚满基、1-1,2,3,4-四氢萘基、2-1,2,3,4-四氢萘基;作为进一步的优选,所述的R4为正戊基、2-戊基、2-戊基、叔戊基、正己基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、1-茚满基、2-茚满基、1-1,2,3,4-四氢萘基、2-1,2,3,4-四氢萘基。
作为优选,所述的X选自甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、三氟乙酸、三氯乙酸、取代或者未取代的苯甲酸、扁桃酸、柠檬酸、取代或者未取代的联萘磷酸中的一种或者两种以上的混合;作为进一步的优选,所述的X为三氟乙酸、三氯乙酸、苯甲酸、扁桃酸、柠檬酸、联萘磷酸中的一种或者两种以上的混合。
本发明手性胺盐中的手性胺可以参考文献ChineseChemicalLetters,2011,22,155-158或TetrahedronLetters,2002,43,155-158公开的方法制备,该手性胺优选如下的化合物作为代表性实例(31a~31n与32a~32n的区别在于它们的绝对构型不同)(但本发明不限于这些代表性实例):
本发明所涉及的二氢吡啶化合物可以优选如下的化合物作为代表性实例(但本发明不限于这些代表性实例):
本发明中,不对称氢化反应的溶剂为甲基叔丁基醚、异丙醚、环戊基甲基醚、乙二醇二甲醚、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、甲苯、正己烷、二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、甲醇、乙醇、叔丁醇、叔戊醇、异丙醇、水或者这些溶剂的混合溶剂,优选叔丁基醚、异丙醚、环戊基甲基醚、乙二醇二甲醚、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、甲苯。
本发明的不对称氢化反应的温度通常是20℃至120℃,优选25℃至80℃。
本发明的不对称氢化反应的时间通常是10小时至72小时。
本发明不对称氢化反应中,氢气反应压力10bar至600bar,优选20bar至400bar。
本发明的不对称氢化反应中,所用到的钌化合物、铑化合物、铱化合物的用量是α,β-不饱和醛或α,β-不饱和酮反应物的0.01mol%至20mol%,优选0.05mol%至10mol%,特别是0.05mol%至5mol%;反应完毕后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂并精馏出产品,往残余物加入正庚烷,过滤、先后用冷的正庚烷及甲醇淋洗,最后真空干燥即可实现金属催化剂的回收套用。
本发明中,所用到手性胺盐的用量是α,β-不饱和醛或α,β-不饱和酮反应物的0.1mol%至20mol%,优选1mol%至10mol%,特别是1.5mol%至5mol%。
本发明中,所用到的二氢吡啶化合物的用量是α,β-不饱和醛或α,β-不饱和酮反应物的0.2mol%至40mol%,优选2mol%至20mol%,特别是3mol%至10mol%。
同现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果体现在:
(1)反应条件温和,操作简单,使用催化量的二氢吡啶化合物,使得目标产物易于从反应体系中分离纯化;
(2)金属催化剂可以实现回收套用,符合经济性要求。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例说明本发明提供的光学活性羰基化合物的制备方法的实施过程,但本发明并不限定于此,对于本领域的技术人员来说,所作的任何等同替换、更改等,都应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例1~16
制备光学活性香茅醛的(结果列于表1)通用方法:在250mL压力反应釜中,氮气保护条件下,加入金属催化剂[Ru(p-cymene)I2]2(4.8mg,0.005mol),手性胺盐(0.01mol),二氢吡啶化合物(0.05mol),香叶醛与橙花醛混合物(共15.2g,0.1mol)及反应溶剂(110mL),将反应混合物于室温条件下搅拌20分钟;然后将体系升温至55℃,再用3bar的氢气置换反应釜内的氢气,如此反复置换氢气,然后迅速往反应釜内充氢气至100bar压力反应,46小时后,通过气相色谱检测原料反应完毕后,停止反应冷却至室温、缓慢排去釜内氢气,并用氮气置换釜内残余的氢气;产品的光学纯度(即对映体过量值,ee值)由气相色谱法检测分析。
表1实施例1~16的反应结果
实施例17~20
实施例17~20按照实施例9相同的方式进行,不同之处在于金属催化剂不同;结果列于表2:
表2实施例17~20的反应结果
实施例 金属催化剂 香茅醛主要构型 产率(%) ee(%)
17 [Ru(p-cymene)Cl2] R 35 81
18 Rh(CO)2acac R 16 28
19 [Ir(cod)OMe]2 R 86 60
20 RuCl2(PPh3)3 R 5 0
实施例21~26
实施例21~26按照实施例9相同的方式进行,不同之处在于手性胺盐所用的酸不同;结果列于表3:
表3实施例21~26的反应结果
实施例 香茅醛主要构型 产率(%) ee(%)
21 HCl R 75 11
22 扁桃酸 R 77 78
23 酒石酸 R 61 45
24 柠檬酸 R 80 73
25 对氯苯甲酸 R 80 65
26 联萘酚磷酸酯 R 75 66
实施例27~30
实施例27~30按照实施例9相同的方式进行,不同之处在于手性胺盐的用量不同;结果列于表4:
表4实施例27~30的反应结果
实施例 32j,mol% 三氟乙酸,mol% 香茅醛主要构型 产率(%) ee(%)
27 1 1 R 63 88
28 5 5 R 72 90
29 15 15 R 82 90
30 20 20 R 82 90
实施例31~34
实施例31~34按照实施例9相同的方式进行,差别在于二氢吡啶化合物的用量不同;结果列于表5
表5实施例31~34的反应结果
实施例35~40
实施例35~40按照实施例9相同的方式进行,不同之处在于金属催化剂的用量不同或者反应的氢气压力不同;结果列于表6。
表6实施例35~40的反应结果
实施例41-43
实施例41-43是金属催化剂套用实验的实施例,实验条件按照实施例9相同的方式进行。
操作过程如下:实施例9反应停止后,反应冷却至室温、缓慢排去釜内氢气,并用氮气置换釜内残余的氢气;产品的光学纯度(即对映体过量值,ee值)由气相色谱法检测分析,减压蒸馏除去溶剂并精馏出产品;往残余物加入正庚烷,过滤、先后用冷的正庚烷及甲醇淋洗,最后真空干燥即得回收的催化剂;回收套用数据列于表7:
实施例 套用次数 香茅醛主要构型 产率(%) ee(%)
41 第1次 R 82 90
42 第2次 R 81 90
43 第3次 R 82 88
由表7可知,经过简单的回收处理得到的催化剂,进行套用的收率和ee值无明显下降。

Claims (15)

1.一种制备光学活性羰基化合物的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
在手性胺盐和过渡金属催化剂的催化下,以氢气和催化量的二氢吡啶化合物为氢源,α,β-不饱和醛或α,β-不饱和酮化合物进行不对称催化氢化反应,得到所述的光学活性羰基化合物;
所述的α,β-不饱和醛或α,β-不饱和酮化合物的结构如式(Ⅰ)所示:
所述的光学活性羰基化合物的结构如式(Ⅱ)所示:
式(Ⅰ)~(Ⅱ)中,R1、R2、R3独立地选自氢、卤素、烃基、杂芳基、烷氧基或酰胺基;其中酰胺基指包含-CONH-或-NHCO-的取代基,R1、R2彼此不相同;
所述的手性胺盐的结构如式(IV)或(V)所示:
R4选自取代或者未取代的烷基,所述的烷基包含醚基或聚醚基的烷基、包含酯基或聚酯基的烷基、包含酰胺基或聚酰胺基的烷基或包含醚基酯基酰胺基混合的聚物链烷基,其中酰胺基指包含-CONH-或-NHCO-的取代基;
X代表成盐的酸;
*表示不对称碳原子。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备光学活性羰基化合物的方法,其特征在于,所述的R1、R2、R3中,烃基是包含1至30个碳原子的烃基;
杂芳基是包含有3至9个碳原子的芳香族杂环基;
烷氧基为包含1至30个碳原子的环状烷氧基或直链或支链烷氧基,并且这些烷氧基可以被氟、氯、溴、碘、羟基、芳基取代;
酰胺基是包含1至20个碳原子的酰胺基。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备光学活性羟基化合物的方法,其特征在于,所述的杂芳基为:2-呋喃基、2-吡咯基、2-噻吩基、2-吡啶基、2-吲哚基、3-呋喃基、3-吡咯基、3-噻吩基、3-吡啶基、3-吲哚基;
所述的烷氧基为:甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、异丁氧基、2-丁氧基、叔丁氧基、正戊氧基、2-戊氧基、2-戊氧基、叔戊氧基、正己氧基、环丙氧基、环丁氧基、环戊氧基、环己氧基、庚氧基、辛氧基、壬氧基、癸氧基、十一烷氧基、十二烷氧基、十三烷氧基、十四烷氧基、十五烷氧基、十六烷氧基、十七烷氧基、十八烷氧基、十九烷氧基、二十烷氧基、苯基甲氧基、1-苯基乙氧基、2-苯基乙氧基;
所述的酰胺基可以为:甲酰胺基、乙酰氨基、丙酰胺基、丁酰胺基、戊酰胺基、己酰胺基、环戊酰胺基、环己酰胺基、苯基甲酰胺基、苯基乙酰胺基、萘酰胺基。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备光学活性羰基化合物的方法,其特征在于,所述的R1、R2连同和它们相连的原子一起形成5-15元环,或R1、R3连同和它们相连的原子一起形成5-15元环,或R2、R3连同和它们相连的原子一起形成5-15元环。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备光学活性羰基化合物的方法,其特征在于,化合物(I)选自以下结构的化合物:
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备光学活性羰基化合物的方法,其特征在于,所述的R4为取代或者未取代的C1~C20烷基;
所述的C1~C20烷基上的取代基包括氟、氯、溴、碘、烷氧基、羟基或芳基。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备光学活性羰基化合物的方法,其特征在于,所述的R4为甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、2-丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、2-戊基、2-戊基、叔戊基、正己基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、1-茚满基、2-茚满基、1-1,2,3,4-四氢萘基或2-1,2,3,4-四氢萘基。
8.根据权利要求1~6所述的制备光学活性羰基化合物的方法,其特征在于,所述的R4所表示的烷基可以被以下基团中的一种或者多种间断:O、-COO-、-CONH-;
其中,被O间断的烷基为包含醚基或聚醚基的烷基,被-COO-间断的烷基为包含酯基或聚酯基的烷基;被-CONH-间断的烷基为包含酰胺基或聚酰胺基的烷基。
9.根据权利要求1所述的制备光学活性羰基化合物的方法,其特征在于,所述的X选自甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、三氟乙酸、三氯乙酸、取代或者未取代的苯甲酸、扁桃酸、柠檬酸、取代或者未取代的联萘磷酸中的一种或者两种以上的混合。
10.根据权利要求1所述的制备光学活性羰基化合物的方法,其特征在于,所述的过渡金属催化剂包含钌化合物、铑化合物、铱化合物。
11.根据权利要求1所述的制备光学活性羰基化合物的方法,其特征在于,所述的过渡金属催化剂选自RuCl2(PPh3)3、[Ru(p-cymene)Cl2]、[Ru(p-cymene)I2]2、RhCl3、Rh2(OAc)4、Rh(CO)2acac、Rh(cod)Cl2、Rh4(CO)12、Ir4(CO)12、Ir(cod)Cl2或[Ir(cod)OMe]2
12.根据权利要求1所述的制备光学活性羰基化合物的方法,其特征在于,所述的二氢吡啶化合物选自以下化合物中的一种:
13.根据权利要求1~12任一项所述的制备光学活性羰基化合物的方法,其特征在于,所述的不对称催化氢化反应的溶剂为甲基叔丁基醚、异丙醚、环戊基甲基醚、乙二醇二甲醚、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、甲苯、正己烷、二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、甲醇、乙醇、叔丁醇、叔戊醇、异丙醇、水或者这些溶剂的混合溶剂。
14.根据权利要求1~12任一项所述的制备光学活性羰基化合物的方法,其特征在于,所述的不对称催化氢化反应的温度为20~120℃。
15.根据权利要求1~12任一项所述的制备光学活性羰基化合物的方法,其特征在于,所述的不对称催化氢化反应中氢气的压力为10~600bar。
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