CN105537695B - Big pitch external screw thread layering turning technique - Google Patents
Big pitch external screw thread layering turning technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN105537695B CN105537695B CN201610151058.5A CN201610151058A CN105537695B CN 105537695 B CN105537695 B CN 105537695B CN 201610151058 A CN201610151058 A CN 201610151058A CN 105537695 B CN105537695 B CN 105537695B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23G—THREAD CUTTING; WORKING OF SCREWS, BOLT HEADS, OR NUTS, IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH
- B23G1/00—Thread cutting; Automatic machines specially designed therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2210/00—Details of turning tools
- B23B2210/08—Tools comprising intermediary toolholders
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- Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
Abstract
Big pitch external screw thread layering turning technique, it is related to a kind of external threading technique.The present invention is unable to reach the externally threaded big surplus removal of big pitch and high-precision processing request to solve existing thread turning processing method, big pitch external threading is set to there is thread surface process principle error in processing and connect tool marks, tool wear is too fast caused by chip-load is excessive, and disorderly button and layered cutting number of times excessively cause the problem of processing efficiency is reduced to the screw thread that cutting point error accumulation is produced.The present invention carries out roughing process including removing external screw thread roughing surplus using the multiple layered cutting mode of the radially continuous multiple feed layered cutting mode of multiple-cutting-edge and left and right axial direction；Using left cutting edge and right cutting edge, alternately multiple feed layered cutting mode carries out semifinishing and finishing passes vertically.The present invention reaches externally threaded machining accuracy and machined surface quality requirement, and the left and right flank of acquisition eliminates the random button problem of screw thread without tool marks are connect, meet big pitch external screw thread efficiently, high-quality turnery processing requirement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of external threading technique, and in particular to big pitch external screw thread layering turning technique, belongs to car
Cut technology field.
Background technology
The external screw thread that pitch is more than 4mm is defined as big pitch external screw thread, and such part adjusts component as large pressing machine
Positional precision between screw rod, control bolster, has material impact to quiet, the dynamic accuracy of forcing press complete machine.Outside big pitch
Form of thread groove width and depth, pitch and axial length are big, belong to odd-pitch screw, and allowance is big, pitch and profile accuracy and
Thread surface quality requirement is high.
The existing externally threaded processing method of big pitch mainly has milling, grinding, turning and processing and forming；Processing and forming is carried
Lotus is big and is difficult to the processing request that meets different size screw thread, and processing efficiency is relatively low；During the big pitch external screw thread of Milling Process, discontinuously
Cutting can aggravate the vibration in screw rod processing, and be limited by cutter life, the screw thread of improper processing axial length length, only
It is adapted to processing short thread；When processing big pitch external screw thread using method for grinding, high accuracy of thread and surface quality can be obtained,
But its blank needs to reach certain precision level using other processes first, and this method is in processing diameter and axial chi
Higher is required to technological equipment during very little larger threaded male component；Big pitch external screw thread is processed using method for turning, both be can guarantee that
Crudy and processing efficiency, and easily designed fixture system, but existing thread turning processing method be mainly used in it is middle-size and small-size
The screw thread process of pitch, it is impossible to reach that the externally threaded big surplus of big pitch is removed and high-precision processing request, big pitch external screw thread
Original reason error and connect tool marks that thread surface present in turnery processing is processed, tool wear mistake caused by chip-load is excessive
It hurry up, the screw thread that cutting point error accumulation is produced disorderly is detained, and layered cutting number of times excessively causes the problems such as processing efficiency is reduced, how
Feed mode is designed, load in working angles, chip removal how are controlled, to ensure the requirement of machining accuracy and crudy and carry
High stock-removing efficiency, key issue urgently to be resolved hurrily is processed as large pressing machine large-lead screw.
The content of the invention
It is mainly used in the spiral shell of middle-size and small-size pitch the invention aims to solve prior art thread turning processing method
Line is processed, it is impossible to is reached that the externally threaded big surplus of big pitch is removed and high-precision processing request, is added big pitch external threading
There is the original reason error of thread surface processing in work and connect tool marks, tool wear is too fast caused by chip-load is excessive, plays knife
Disorderly button and layered cutting number of times excessively cause the problems such as processing efficiency is reduced to the screw thread that point tolerance accumulation is produced.
The technical scheme is that：Big pitch external screw thread layering turning technique, the turning process comprises the following steps：
Step 1: roughing process：External screw thread is removed by the way of the radially continuous multiple feed layered cutting of multiple-cutting-edge
Roughing surplus, makes externally threaded radial dimension reach requirement；Using left and right sword multiple feed layered cutting continuously in axial direction
Mode, connects tool marks when removing radially layered cutting, external screw thread basic profile structure and left and right flank is formed, to reduce screw thread
Roughing geometric error and following process surplus；
Step 2: semifinishing process：Multiple feed layered cutting vertically is replaced using left cutting edge and right cutting edge
Mode removes allowance, to reach externally threaded machining accuracy and machined surface quality requirement；
Step 3: finishing passes：Multiple feed layered cutting side vertically is replaced using left cutting edge and right cutting edge
Formula removes allowance.
Axially multiple feed layered cutting method described in step 2 and step 3 is solved in the cutting of multiple-cutting-edge radially layered
The problem of two-edged is interfered so that be independent of each other in cutting between two-edged, therefore, big pitch spiral shell is disclosure satisfy that using this method
Machining accuracy and the machined surface quality requirement of line.
Radial cutting mode described in step one is cut using 3-edge surgical knife tool, each time during radial feed, the three of cutter
Bar cutting edge both participates in cutting, and its cutting lay area is all higher than the cutting lay area of a preceding radial feed, its cutting lay area
With each radial direction cutting-in apiWith the left and right cusp angle ε ' of cutterr1、ε’r2It is relevant；
Cutting aspect face S when the sword radially layered of ith three is cutiFor：Si=S1+S2+S3；
In formula, S1、S2And S3Respectively the cutting lay area of 3-edge surgical knife tool, is determined especially by following formula：
Wherein, εr1' and εr2' be respectively cutter or so sword half of thread angle, b be cutter head width, h be cutting tool insert it is always high
Degree, apFor total radial cutting depth, apiFor the cutting depth of ith radial cutting, hD1The cutting lay in left-hand thread face during for cutting
Thickness, hD2The cutting layer thickness in right-hand thread face, h during for cuttingD3The cutting layer thickness of tooth bottom flank, b during for cuttingD1To cut
The cutting lay width in left-hand thread face, b when cuttingD2The cutting lay width in right-hand thread face during for cutting.
Step one is carried out during roughing, and cutter axial feed velocity is mutually perpendicular to cutting speed.
In step 2 and step 3 during axial layered cutting, cutting to left and right sword cutting during the layered cutting of jth time axial direction
Aspect SjFor；
Sj=zj·aP；
Wherein, zjAxial allowance, the radial cutting depth a of each axial feed when being cut for jth secondary clearingpIt is
Form of thread depth.
The turning process includes cooling procedure, and finally feed twice uses aqueous emulsion when being finished described in step 3
Cooled down, other working angles are cooled down using lubricating oil.
Machine spindle speed is met in the turning process：Machine spindle speed during roughing>Semifinishing process
Middle machine spindle speed>Machine spindle speed in finishing passes.
The present invention has the following effects that compared with prior art：This method is using radially layered cutting and axial stratification cutting
Method, carries out big pitch external screw thread roughing, using cutter cutting to left and right sword and top sword, passes through radially continuous multiple feed point
The mode of layer cutting, removes roughing surplus with minimum radially layered cutting number of times, reaches the radial dimension requirement of screw thread, and
Cut with the axial stratification of minimum number, external screw thread basic profile structure and left and right flank are formed, to reduce screw thread roughing
Geometric error, not only significantly improves the externally threaded roughing processing efficiency of big pitch, and reduce following process surplus and
Axial stratification cuts number of times；
Using axial stratification cutting process, it is utilized respectively left cutting edge and right cutting edge carries out the big finishing of pitch external screw thread half
Work and finishing, to control chip-load, it is to avoid cutter is deformed and the problems such as rapid wear because load is excessive, is significantly carried
High accuracy of screw machining and machined surface quality；The design method reaches externally threaded add with minimum layered cutting number of times
Work precision and machined surface quality requirement, the left and right flank of acquisition without connecing tool marks, pitch error control -0.02mm~
In the range of 0.02mm, the random button problem of screw thread is eliminated, externally threaded efficient, the high-quality turnery processing requirement of big pitch can be met.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 radially layereds cutting way and its parameter of cutting layer schematic diagram, Fig. 1 (a) are radial cutting schematic diagram；Fig. 1 (b)
Schematic diagram is characterized for ith radial feed parameter of cutting layer；
Fig. 2 axial stratifications cutting way and its parameter of cutting layer schematic diagram, Fig. 2 (a) are that axial stratification cuts schematic diagram；Figure
2 (b) is that jth time axial feed parameter of cutting layer characterizes schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 turning steep-pitch thread process charts；
The trapezoidal screw thread pitch error measurement result schematic diagram of Fig. 4 embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 4 (a) is left-hand thread error
Result schematic diagram, Fig. 4 (b) is right-hand thread error result schematic diagram；
The left and right flank milled surface topography contrast schematic diagram of Fig. 5 embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 5 (a) adds for left-hand thread
Work surface outline curves figure, Fig. 5 (b) is right-hand thread face finished surface contour curve figure.
In way, n is workpiece rotational frequency, VfFor cutter axial feed velocity, κrFor cutter tool cutting edge angle, κr＇ is cutter auxiliary angle,
εr1' and εr2' be respectively cutter or so sword half of thread angle, b be cutter head width, h be cutting tool insert total height；D is the outer of test specimen
Footpath, d2For the central diameter of test specimen, d1For the path of test specimen；apFor total radial direction cutting-in, apiFor the cutting depth of ith radial cutting,
hD1The cutting layer thickness in left-hand thread face, h during for cuttingD2The cutting layer thickness in right-hand thread face, h during for cuttingD3Tooth bottom during for cutting
The cutting layer thickness of flank, bD1The cutting lay width in left-hand thread face, b during for cuttingD2The cutting lay in right-hand thread face during for cutting
Width；P is test specimen pitch, and B is that test specimen tooth is wide, and H is that test specimen tooth is high, R1、R2Respectively the tooth form radius of test specimen left and right side, r1、
r2The respectively crest radius of cutter or so sword；ZliSingle process surplus, Z are cut for left swordriMore than right sword cutting single process
Amount (wherein i=1,2 ... w, j=1,2 ... m), hD1Cutting layer thickness when being cut for the left knife car of cutter, bD1Cut for the left knife car of cutter
When cutting lay width, hDrCutting layer thickness when being cut for the right knife car of cutter, bDrCutting slice width when being cut for the right knife car of cutter
Degree.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention, the big pitch external screw thread layering turning work of present embodiment is described with reference to the drawings
Skill, turning pitch 16mm, external diameter 120mm 35CrMo trapezoidal screws, specifically includes following steps：
Step 1: roughing process：External screw thread is removed by the way of radially continuous multiple feed layered cutting slightly to add
Spare time measures, and externally threaded radial dimension is reached requirement, specific as shown in Figure 1；Using the multiple feed continuously in axial direction of left and right sword
Tool marks are connect when the mode of layered cutting removes radially layered cutting, external screw thread basic profile structure and left and right flank is formed,
Reduce screw thread roughing geometric error and following process surplus, it is specific as shown in Figure 2；Roughing technique is by controlling single radially
Cutting depth and the axial allowance of single, with effective control load, it is to avoid cutter is because load is excessive and occurs obvious change
Shape；
There is the problem of two-edged is interfered in working angles in which, in cutting, and any one sword changes all in two cutting edges
Tooth form can be influenceed, wherein, if there is a sword to reach the limit of wear, thoroughly tooth form can be caused to fail, this method to two cutting edges it
Between angle requirement it is high, and once after process finishing, tooth form precision is immutable.Therefore, this method is only suitable for applying
In steep-pitch thread roughing, the cutting depth for reaching requirement；
The radial cutting mode is cut using 3-edge surgical knife tool, the cutting lay area S of 3-edge surgical knife tool1、S2And S3Pass through
Following formula is determined：
Cutting aspect face S when the sword radially layered of ith three is cutiFor：Si=S1+S2+S3；
Wherein, εr1' and εr2' be respectively cutter or so sword half of thread angle, b be cutter head width, h be cutting tool insert it is always high
Degree, apFor total radial cutting depth, apiFor the cutting depth of ith radial cutting, hD1The cutting lay in left-hand thread face during for cutting
Thickness, hD2The cutting layer thickness in right-hand thread face, h during for cuttingD3The cutting layer thickness of tooth bottom flank, b during for cuttingD1To cut
The cutting lay width in left-hand thread face, b when cuttingD2The cutting lay width in right-hand thread face during for cutting.
Cutter axial feed velocity is mutually perpendicular to cutting speed.
Step 2: semifinishing process：Multiple feed layered cutting vertically is replaced using left cutting edge and right cutting edge
Mode removes allowance；
Step 3: finishing passes：Multiple feed layered cutting side vertically is replaced using left cutting edge and right cutting edge
Formula removes allowance.
In step 2 and step 3 during axial layered cutting, when jth secondary clearing is cut, cutting to left and right sword cutting aspect
Product SjFor：
Sj=zj·aP；
Wherein, zjAxial allowance, a when being cut for jth secondary clearingpFor radial direction cutting-in.
The allowance of left and right sides is 0.8mm after finishing；
Present embodiment is thick, half essence and the finishing machine speed of mainshaft are respectively 25r/min, 16r/min and 10r/min；
Radial cutting undergoes 22 feeds altogether in the roughing of present embodiment, and axial stratification cutting is undergone 55 times and entered altogether
Knife；
35 axial layered cuttings are undergone in the semifinishing of present embodiment altogether, and finishing is undergone 26 axial stratifications and cut altogether
Cut；
The last feed twice of left and right flank finishing of present embodiment is cooled down using aqueous emulsion, and other cut
Cheng Caiyong lubricating oil is cooled down；
The shown trapezoidal externally threaded finishing schemes of turning pitch 16mm are as shown in table 1：
Table 1 finishes scheme：
Big pitch external threading generally has three kinds of feed modes, i.e. radial feed, sideway feed and left and right alternately to feed；
When existing method for turning is processed using above-mentioned three kinds of feed modes, to simplify technique, using single generally in roughing
One feed mode, semifinishing and finishing in using etc. surplus cutting, feed number of times, feed order with allowance design
It is unreasonable to cause chip-load frequently to change, tool displacement, deformation and flank machining accuracy and finished surface caused by abrasion
Quality Down, not only seriously restricts the lifting of big pitch external screw thread processing efficiency, or even causes large pressing machine screw rod to scrap.
At present, the big main point of a knife part using cutter of pitch external screw thread processing of turning radially successively cut, and is passed through
The site error of point of a knife is controlled, the formation of thread surface is controlled, this cutting way reduces NC Machining Program difficulty, but by
It is the formation of point of a knife close approximation in flank, there is original reason error, thread surface, which has, substantially connects tool marks, and cut every time
Allowance is small.Therefore, carrying out turning using Circular Nose Cutting Edge cutter, machining accuracy and machined surface quality are substantially achieved guarantee, but
Because each feed is cut using small surplus, excessive cutting number of times not only increases the cutting time, and extends cutting stroke,
Tool in cutting sword effect of attrition screw thread surface precision, the random button problem of screw thread that the cutting point error accumulation cut every time is produced, directly
Connect the pitch precision for having influence on screw rod.
The present invention devises the radial and axial two kinds of tool feeding methods of layered cutting of the big pitch external screw thread of turning, is cut using left and right
Tooth shape is cut into left and right flank, the original reason error of point of a knife close approximation generation is eliminated and connects tool marks；Cut according to each feed
Aspect product is cut, the allowance of single feed is determined, effectively controls chip-load；In roughing, first using radial direction point
Layer cutting process removes external screw thread roughing surplus with minimum layered cutting number of times, reaches externally threaded radial dimension requirement,
Again with the axial stratification cutting process of minimum number, formed degree of precision left and right flank, with reduce follow-up semifinishing and
The cutting number of times of finishing, obtains high stock-removing efficiency；In semifinishing and finishing, using axial stratification cutting process, solution
The problem of two-edged is interfered in multiple-cutting-edge radially layered of having determined cutting, is utilized respectively left cutting edge and right cutting edge carries out layering and cut
Cut, to improve accuracy of screw machining and machined surface quality；The process program obtained using the design method, can effectively ensure that big
The externally threaded machining accuracy of pitch and machined surface quality.
Axially distribution is as shown in Figure 4 along workpiece for the pitch error of the screw rod of present embodiment turning or so flank；In figure,
The flank of the left cutting edge processing of cutter is left-hand thread face, and the flank of the right cutting edge processing of cutter is right-hand thread face.Can by Fig. 4
Know, although the pitch error distribution of left and right flank is significantly different, its error changes between -0.02mm~0.02mm,
Meet trapezoidal screw requirement on machining accuracy；
The machined surface pattern that present embodiment obtains screw rod or so flank is as shown in Figure 5：
Using machined roughness concentration curve, machined roughness value is extracted, quantitative analysis workpiece or so flank is
The quality of machined surface quality, as shown in table 2：
The machined surface roughness value of table 2
In table 2, RaFor surface profile arithmetic average deviation, RSmFor profile cell-average width, SkIt is not right for profile elevations h
Claim distributed constant；Wherein, what standard deviation reflected is the dispersion degree of data；
Although the machined surface quality in right-hand thread face is significantly better than left-hand thread face, its table it can be seen from Fig. 5 and table 2
Surface roughness average value is respectively less than 3.2 μm, meets processing request.
Claims (6)
1. big pitch external screw thread layering turning technique, it is characterised in that：The turning process comprises the following steps：
Step 1: roughing process：External screw thread is removed by the way of the radially continuous multiple feed layered cutting of multiple-cutting-edge slightly to add
Spare time measures, and externally threaded radial dimension is reached requirement, using the left and right sword multiple feed layering continuously in axial direction of minimum number
Tool marks are connect when the mode of cutting removes radially layered cutting, external screw thread basic profile structure and left and right flank are formed, to subtract
Few screw thread roughing aggregate error and following process surplus；
Step 2: semifinishing process：Multiple feed layered cutting mode vertically is replaced using left cutting edge and right cutting edge
Remove allowance；
Step 3: finishing passes：Using left cutting edge and right cutting edge, alternately multiple feed layered cutting mode is gone vertically
Except allowance.
2. big pitch external screw thread layering turning technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step one radial cutting mode
Cut using 3-edge surgical knife tool, the cutting lay area of 3-edge surgical knife tool、WithIt is determined by following formula：
；
；
；
Cutting lay area when the sword radially layered of ith three is cutFor：；
Wherein, εr1' and εr2' be respectively cutter or so sword half of thread angle, b is cutter head width, and h is cutting tool insert total height, ap
For total radial cutting depth, apiFor the cutting depth of ith radial cutting, hD1The cutting layer thickness in left-hand thread face during for cutting,
hD2The cutting layer thickness in right-hand thread face, h during for cuttingD3The cutting layer thickness of tooth bottom flank, b during for cuttingD1It is left during for cutting
The cutting lay width of flank, bD2The cutting lay width in right-hand thread face during for cutting.
3. big pitch external screw thread layering turning technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step one carries out roughing
Cheng Zhong, cutter axial feed velocity and cutting speed form right angle coordinate system.
4. big pitch external screw thread layering turning technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 2 and step 3 axis
To during layered cutting, when jth secondary clearing is cut, cutting to left and right sword cutting lay areaFor：
；
Wherein, zjAxial allowance, a when being cut for jth secondary clearingpFor radial direction cutting-in.
5. big pitch external screw thread layering turning technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The turning process includes cold
But process, last feed twice is cooled down using aqueous emulsion when step 3 is finished, and other working angles are using lubrication
Oil is cooled down.
6. big pitch external screw thread layering turning technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Lathe in the turning process
The speed of mainshaft is met：Machine spindle speed during roughing>Machine spindle speed during semifinishing>In finishing passes
Machine spindle speed.
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| CN114101812B (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-08-09 | 中国航发中传机械有限公司 | Method for machining multi-head large-groove-width large-helix-angle high-precision internal rectangular threads |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101020264A (en) * | 2007-01-25 | 2007-08-22 | 祁宝栋 | Thread turning process |
| CN100542726C (en) * | 2007-04-30 | 2009-09-23 | 中信重工机械股份有限公司 | A kind of steep-pitch thread manufacture method |
| CN101620282B (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2011-11-30 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Method for processing aspherical lens module |
| CN102463393B (en) * | 2010-11-16 | 2013-11-06 | 上海五钢设备工程有限公司 | Method for processing coarse-pitch triangular-cone thread |
| CN102778861A (en) * | 2012-07-24 | 2012-11-14 | 宁夏共享集团有限责任公司 | Machining method of coarse pitch threads |
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