CN113145867A - Numerical control turning method for multi-thread trapezoidal threads - Google Patents
Numerical control turning method for multi-thread trapezoidal threads Download PDFInfo
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- CN113145867A CN113145867A CN202110440447.0A CN202110440447A CN113145867A CN 113145867 A CN113145867 A CN 113145867A CN 202110440447 A CN202110440447 A CN 202110440447A CN 113145867 A CN113145867 A CN 113145867A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B1/00—Methods for turning or working essentially requiring the use of turning-machines; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23G—THREAD CUTTING; WORKING OF SCREWS, BOLT HEADS, OR NUTS, IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH
- B23G1/00—Thread cutting; Automatic machines specially designed therefor
Abstract
The invention discloses a numerical control turning method of multi-thread trapezoidal threads, which comprises the following steps: s1, rough machining: programming by adopting a G76 instruction, and roughly machining by using a thread roughing tool; s2, smoothing two side surfaces; s3, precise branching of the double-thread trapezoidal threads: determining the number of calls of the two subroutines so that the sum of the left and right offsets is equal to the total Z-direction offset according to step S2; after the first thread is machined, the machining starting point of the thread is shifted by one thread pitch in the Z direction, and then the precise thread splitting of the double-thread trapezoidal thread can be completed; s4, precisely machining the multi-thread trapezoidal thread; the multi-line trapezoidal thread is machined on the numerical control lathe, the problem of precise thread separation during machining by using a common lathe can be solved, the operation method after tool replacement is carried out again when the phenomenon of tool breakage or tool breakage occurs can effectively avoid the phenomenon of thread disordering during re-machining, and the advantage of numerical control turning of the multi-line trapezoidal thread is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of trapezoidal thread machining, in particular to a numerical control turning method for a multi-thread trapezoidal thread.
Background
The trapezoidal thread is a common transmission thread, the precision requirement is higher, and as the trapezoidal thread is difficult to process, the size precision and the size are not ensured well, the processing time is long, the rejection rate is high, and the processing method is laggard. When a multi-thread trapezoidal thread is machined on a common lathe, precise thread separation is difficult to achieve, and the problem of precise thread separation is easily solved when the numerical control lathe is used for machining. In the numerical control turning process, when the cutter is broken and then the machine is processed again, how to avoid the disordered buckling is also a difficult problem.
The numerical control turning method of the multi-thread trapezoidal thread mainly comprises the following two methods:
(1) the method is a straight-forward method, the numerical control lathe can be realized by adopting an instruction G92, a threading tool X is intermittently fed to the depth of a tooth, when the trapezoidal thread is machined by adopting the method, three surfaces of the threading tool participate in cutting, so that the machining and chip removal are difficult, the cutting force and the cutting heat are increased, the abrasion of a tool tip is serious, when the cutting feed amount is too large, the phenomenon of tool pricking can be generated, and obviously, the method is not suitable for machining the multi-thread trapezoidal thread.
(2) The method can be realized by adopting a G76 instruction on a numerical control lathe, a threading tool is fed to the depth of a tooth in an inclined and intermittent manner along the direction of a tooth form angle, when the method is used for machining the trapezoidal thread, only one side edge of the threading tool is always involved in cutting, so that the chip removal is smooth, the stress and heating condition of a tool nose are improved, the phenomenon of 'pricking' is not easy to cause in the process of turning, and the method is suitable for machining the multi-thread trapezoidal thread with a small thread pitch.
In view of the above, it is desirable to design a method for efficiently and precisely machining a multiple-start trapezoidal thread to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems mentioned in the background art, the invention aims to provide a numerical control turning method of a multi-start trapezoidal thread to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a numerical control turning method of a multi-start trapezoidal thread comprises the following steps:
s1, rough machining: programming by adopting a G76 instruction, and roughly machining by using a thread roughing tool;
s2, smoothing two side surfaces: and (3) changing a thread finishing tool to finish the two side surfaces of the trapezoidal thread, wherein the machining process of finishing the two side surfaces is as follows: respectively compiling two subprograms, enabling the turning tool to deflect by 0.1mm in the Z direction when the turning tool is called, measuring the roughly machined trapezoidal thread by a three-pin measuring method, reading out an actually measured value M actually measured of the distance M between the vertexes of two measuring pins of a common normal micrometer, calculating a theoretical value M theory of the distance, further calculating a difference value between the M actually measured value and the M theory, and accurately determining the total Z-direction offset required by the side surface to be polished;
s3, precise branching of the double-thread trapezoidal threads: determining the number of calls of the two subroutines so that the sum of the left and right offsets is equal to the total Z-direction offset according to step S2; after the first thread is machined, the machining starting point of the thread is shifted by one thread pitch in the Z direction, and then the precise thread splitting of the double-thread trapezoidal thread can be completed;
s4, precision machining of the multi-thread trapezoidal threads: and (4) machining according to the program with the changed machining starting point again to precisely machine a second thread, and repeating the operation to finish the efficient precise machining of the multi-thread trapezoidal thread.
By adopting the technical scheme, the multi-thread trapezoidal thread is processed on the numerical control lathe, and the problem of precise thread separation during processing by using a common lathe can be solved.
Preferably, the thread roughing tool in S1 and the thread finishing tool in S2 both use high-speed steel tools, and the tool bit widths of the thread roughing tool in S1 and the thread finishing tool in S2 are smaller than the thread groove bottom width of the thread.
By adopting the technical scheme, the workpiece material can be considered to be 45# steel, and meanwhile, the precision requirement is high.
Preferably, the multiple start trapezoidal thread is a Tr36 × 12 multiple start trapezoidal thread having a profile angle of 30 °.
By adopting the technical scheme, the device can meet the national standard regulation and meet the processing standard vertebra.
Preferably, the point angle of the threading rough tool in S1 is smaller than the profile angle.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, can leave abundant machining allowance for when giving the finish turning.
Preferably, the longitudinal rake angle of the screw finishing tool in S2 is zero, the included angle between the cutting edges on both sides of the screw finishing tool in S2 is equal to the profile angle, and the cutting edges on both sides of the screw finishing tool are provided with chip flutes.
By adopting the technical scheme, the tooth form precision of the multi-thread trapezoidal thread can be ensured, and smooth cutting and smooth chip removal are realized.
Preferably, the numerical control turning method of the multi-thread trapezoidal thread further comprises the step of re-machining after the occurrence of tool breakage during numerical control turning of the trapezoidal thread.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, can appear breaking the sword back when numerical control turning trapezoidal thread, carry out the reworking and appear in disorder detaining.
Preferably, the method of reprocessing includes the following measures: after the tool is changed, the tool is set according to a normal method, then the X-direction abrasion is increased by two tooth profile heights, a program is operated, a turning tool starts to feed outside a tooth socket, a shallow tool is finally cut in, the relative position of the turning tool and the tooth socket is visually observed, the abrasion in the z direction is continuously modified until the turning tool and the tooth socket are completely aligned, the X-direction abrasion is changed back to the original value before the tool is changed, and the program is called again for processing.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, can avoid indiscriminate knot when reprocess.
Preferably, the method for reworking specifically includes the following steps:
changing X-direction abrasion, operating a program, and enabling a turning tool to move outside a tooth socket in an empty way;
step two, repeatedly setting Z-direction abrasion, slightly reducing X-direction abrasion, and running a program until the turning tool is completely aligned with the tooth socket;
and step three, resetting the X-direction abrasion as a numerical value before tool changing, keeping the Z-direction abrasion set in the front unchanged, and operating the program to perform normal machining.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, can avoid indiscriminate knot when reprocess.
Preferably, in the first step, the X-direction abrasion part corresponding to the tool number of the tool is refined in the tool deviation table, more than two tooth height values are input, and the program is run, so that the turning tool is close to the surface of the workpiece and is empty.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, can avoid indiscriminate knot when reprocess.
Preferably, in the second step, Z-direction abrasion is initially set at a Z-direction abrasion part corresponding to the tool number of the finish tool in the tool deviation table, the X-direction abrasion is slightly reduced, the program is operated, the finish tool starts to feed outside the tooth socket and finally cuts into a shallow tool, the relative position of the finish tool and the tooth socket is observed, and the Z-direction abrasion is repeatedly set until the finish tool and the tooth socket are completely aligned.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, can avoid indiscriminate knot when reprocess.
In summary, the invention mainly has the following beneficial effects:
the multi-line trapezoidal thread is machined on the numerical control lathe, the problem of precise thread separation during machining by using a common lathe can be solved, the operation method after tool replacement is carried out again when the phenomenon of tool breakage or tool breakage occurs can effectively avoid the phenomenon of thread disordering during re-machining, and the advantage of numerical control turning of the multi-line trapezoidal thread is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the thread roughing tool of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the thread finishing tool of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for numerically controlling and turning a multiple trapezoidal thread, including the following steps:
s1, rough machining: programming by adopting a G76 instruction, and roughly machining by using a thread roughing tool;
s2, smoothing two side surfaces: and (3) changing a thread finishing tool to finish the two side surfaces of the trapezoidal thread, wherein the machining process of finishing the two side surfaces is as follows: respectively compiling two subprograms, enabling the turning tool to deflect by 0.1mm in the Z direction when the turning tool is called, measuring the roughly machined trapezoidal thread by a three-pin measuring method, reading out an actually measured value M actually measured of the distance M between the vertexes of two measuring pins of a common normal micrometer, calculating a theoretical value M theory of the distance, further calculating a difference value between the M actually measured value and the M theory, and accurately determining the total Z-direction offset required by the side surface to be polished;
s3, precise branching of the double-thread trapezoidal threads: determining the number of calls of the two subroutines so that the sum of the left and right offsets is equal to the total Z-direction offset according to step S2; after the first thread is machined, the machining starting point of the thread is shifted by one thread pitch in the Z direction, and then the precise thread splitting of the double-thread trapezoidal thread can be completed;
s4, precision machining of the multi-thread trapezoidal threads: and (4) machining according to the program with the changed machining starting point again to precisely machine a second thread, and repeating the operation to finish the efficient precise machining of the multi-thread trapezoidal thread.
In order to consider that the workpiece material is 45# steel, the requirement on precision is high; the thread roughing tool in the S1 and the thread finishing tool in the S2 both adopt high-speed steel turning tools, and the thread roughing tool in the S1 and the thread finishing tool in the S2
In order to meet the national standard regulation and meet the processing standard vertebra; the multiple-start trapezoidal thread is Tr36 multiplied by 12 multiple-start trapezoidal thread, and the thread form angle of the multiple-start trapezoidal thread is 30 degrees.
In order to reserve sufficient machining allowance for finish turning; and the tool point angle of the thread roughing tool in the S1 is smaller than the tooth form angle.
In order to ensure the tooth form precision of the multi-thread trapezoidal thread, and in order to cut smoothly and remove chips smoothly; the thread finishing tool in S2 has a zero longitudinal rake angle, the included angle of the cutting edges at two sides of the thread finishing tool in S2 is equal to the tooth form angle, and the edges at two sides of the thread finishing tool are provided with chip grooves.
In order to carry out re-processing after the cutter breakage occurs during numerically controlled turning of the trapezoidal thread, the thread breakage occurs; the numerical control turning method of the multi-thread trapezoidal thread further comprises the step of re-machining after the cutter breakage occurs during numerical control turning of the trapezoidal thread.
In order to avoid the disorder during the remachining; the method for reprocessing comprises the following measures: after the tool is changed, the tool is set according to a normal method, then the X-direction abrasion is increased by two tooth profile heights, a program is operated, a turning tool starts to feed outside a tooth socket, a shallow tool is finally cut in, the relative position of the turning tool and the tooth socket is visually observed, the abrasion in the z direction is continuously modified until the turning tool and the tooth socket are completely aligned, the X-direction abrasion is changed back to the original value before the tool is changed, and the program is called again for processing.
In order to avoid the disorder during the remachining; the method for reprocessing specifically comprises the following steps:
changing X-direction abrasion, operating a program, and enabling a turning tool to move outside a tooth socket in an empty way;
step two, repeatedly setting Z-direction abrasion, slightly reducing X-direction abrasion, and running a program until the turning tool is completely aligned with the tooth socket;
and step three, resetting the X-direction abrasion as a numerical value before tool changing, keeping the Z-direction abrasion set in the front unchanged, and operating the program to perform normal machining.
In order to avoid the disorder during the remachining; step one, finishing an X-direction abrasion part corresponding to the tool number of the tool in a tool deviation table, inputting more than two tooth height values, operating a program, and enabling the turning tool to be idle close to the surface of a workpiece.
In order to avoid the disorder during the remachining; and step two, finishing the Z-direction abrasion part corresponding to the tool number of the tool in the tool deviation table, initially setting Z-direction abrasion, slightly reducing X-direction abrasion, operating a program, starting to feed the tool outside the tooth socket, finally cutting into a shallow tool, observing the relative position of the turning tool and the tooth socket, and repeatedly setting Z-direction abrasion until the turning tool and the tooth socket are completely aligned.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for numerically controlling and turning a multiple trapezoidal thread, including the following steps:
s1, rough machining: programming by adopting a G76 instruction, and roughly machining by using a thread roughing tool;
s2, smoothing two side surfaces: and (3) changing a thread finishing tool to finish the two side surfaces of the trapezoidal thread, wherein the machining process of finishing the two side surfaces is as follows: respectively compiling two subprograms, enabling the turning tool to deflect by 0.1mm in the Z direction when the turning tool is called, measuring the roughly machined trapezoidal thread by a three-pin measuring method, reading out an actually measured value M actually measured of the distance M between the vertexes of two measuring pins of a common normal micrometer, calculating a theoretical value M theory of the distance, further calculating a difference value between the M actually measured value and the M theory, and accurately determining the total Z-direction offset required by the side surface to be polished;
s3, precise branching of the double-thread trapezoidal threads: determining the number of calls of the two subroutines so that the sum of the left and right offsets is equal to the total Z-direction offset according to step S2; after the first thread is machined, the machining starting point of the thread is shifted by one thread pitch in the Z direction, and then the precise thread splitting of the double-thread trapezoidal thread can be completed;
s4, precision machining of the multi-thread trapezoidal threads: and (4) machining according to the program with the changed machining starting point again to precisely machine a second thread, and repeating the operation to finish the efficient precise machining of the multi-thread trapezoidal thread.
In order to reserve sufficient machining allowance for finish turning; and the tool point angle of the thread roughing tool in the S1 is smaller than the tooth form angle.
In order to ensure the tooth form precision of the multi-thread trapezoidal thread, and in order to cut smoothly and remove chips smoothly; the thread finishing tool in S2 has a zero longitudinal rake angle, the included angle of the cutting edges at two sides of the thread finishing tool in S2 is equal to the tooth form angle, and the edges at two sides of the thread finishing tool are provided with chip grooves.
In order to carry out re-processing after the cutter breakage occurs during numerically controlled turning of the trapezoidal thread, the thread breakage occurs; the numerical control turning method of the multi-thread trapezoidal thread further comprises the step of re-machining after the cutter breakage occurs during numerical control turning of the trapezoidal thread.
In order to avoid the disorder during the remachining; the method for reprocessing comprises the following measures: after the tool is changed, the tool is set according to a normal method, then the X-direction abrasion is increased by two tooth profile heights, a program is operated, a turning tool starts to feed outside a tooth socket, a shallow tool is finally cut in, the relative position of the turning tool and the tooth socket is visually observed, the abrasion in the z direction is continuously modified until the turning tool and the tooth socket are completely aligned, the X-direction abrasion is changed back to the original value before the tool is changed, and the program is called again for processing.
In order to avoid the disorder during the remachining; the method for reprocessing specifically comprises the following steps:
changing X-direction abrasion, operating a program, and enabling a turning tool to move outside a tooth socket in an empty way;
step two, repeatedly setting Z-direction abrasion, slightly reducing X-direction abrasion, and running a program until the turning tool is completely aligned with the tooth socket;
and step three, resetting the X-direction abrasion as a numerical value before tool changing, keeping the Z-direction abrasion set in the front unchanged, and operating the program to perform normal machining.
In order to avoid the disorder during the remachining; and step two, finishing the Z-direction abrasion part corresponding to the tool number of the tool in the tool deviation table, initially setting Z-direction abrasion, slightly reducing X-direction abrasion, operating a program, starting to feed the tool outside the tooth socket, finally cutting into a shallow tool, observing the relative position of the turning tool and the tooth socket, and repeatedly setting Z-direction abrasion until the turning tool and the tooth socket are completely aligned.
The use principle and the advantages are as follows:
the multi-line trapezoidal thread is machined on the numerical control lathe, the problem of precise thread separation during machining by using a common lathe can be solved, the operation method after tool replacement is carried out again when the phenomenon of tool breakage or tool breakage occurs can effectively avoid the phenomenon of thread disordering during re-machining, and the advantage of numerical control turning of the multi-line trapezoidal thread is ensured.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A numerical control turning method of multi-line trapezoidal threads is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, rough machining: programming by adopting a G76 instruction, and roughly machining by using a thread roughing tool;
s2, smoothing two side surfaces: and (3) changing a thread finishing tool to finish the two side surfaces of the trapezoidal thread, wherein the machining process of finishing the two side surfaces is as follows: respectively compiling two subprograms, enabling the turning tool to deflect by 0.1mm in the Z direction when the turning tool is called, measuring the roughly machined trapezoidal thread by a three-pin measuring method, reading out an actually measured value M actually measured of the distance M between the vertexes of two measuring pins of a common normal micrometer, calculating a theoretical value M theory of the distance, further calculating a difference value between the M actually measured value and the M theory, and accurately determining the total Z-direction offset required by the side surface to be polished;
s3, precise branching of the double-thread trapezoidal threads: determining the number of calls of the two subroutines so that the sum of the left and right offsets is equal to the total Z-direction offset according to step S2; after the first thread is machined, the machining starting point of the thread is shifted by one thread pitch in the Z direction, and then the precise thread splitting of the double-thread trapezoidal thread can be completed;
s4, precision machining of the multi-thread trapezoidal threads: and (4) machining according to the program with the changed machining starting point again to precisely machine a second thread, and repeating the operation to finish the efficient precise machining of the multi-thread trapezoidal thread.
2. The method for the numerically controlled turning of a multiple trapezoidal thread according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the thread roughing tool in the S1 and the thread finishing tool in the S2 both adopt high-speed steel turning tools, and the tool bit widths of the thread roughing tool in the S1 and the thread finishing tool in the S2 are smaller than the thread groove bottom width of the thread.
3. The method for the numerically controlled turning of a multiple trapezoidal thread according to claim 1, characterized in that: the multiple-start trapezoidal thread is Tr36 multiplied by 12 multiple-start trapezoidal thread, and the thread form angle of the multiple-start trapezoidal thread is 30 degrees.
4. The method for the numerically controlled turning of a multiple trapezoidal thread according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the tool point angle of the thread roughing tool in the S1 is smaller than the tooth form angle.
5. The method for the numerically controlled turning of a multiple trapezoidal thread according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thread finishing tool in S2 has a zero longitudinal rake angle, the included angle of the cutting edges at two sides of the thread finishing tool in S2 is equal to the tooth form angle, and the edges at two sides of the thread finishing tool are provided with chip grooves.
6. The method for the numerically controlled turning of a multiple trapezoidal thread according to claim 1, characterized in that: the numerical control turning method of the multi-thread trapezoidal thread further comprises the step of re-machining after the cutter breakage occurs during numerical control turning of the trapezoidal thread.
7. The method for the numerically controlled turning of a multiple start trapezoidal thread according to claim 6, characterized in that: the method for reprocessing comprises the following measures: after the tool is changed, the tool is set according to a normal method, then the X-direction abrasion is increased by two tooth profile heights, a program is operated, a turning tool starts to feed outside a tooth socket, a shallow tool is finally cut in, the relative position of the turning tool and the tooth socket is visually observed, the abrasion in the z direction is continuously modified until the turning tool and the tooth socket are completely aligned, the X-direction abrasion is changed back to the original value before the tool is changed, and the program is called again for processing.
8. The method for the numerically controlled turning of a multiple start trapezoidal thread according to claim 6, characterized in that: the method for reprocessing specifically comprises the following steps:
changing X-direction abrasion, operating a program, and enabling a turning tool to move outside a tooth socket in an empty way;
step two, repeatedly setting Z-direction abrasion, slightly reducing X-direction abrasion, and running a program until the turning tool is completely aligned with the tooth socket;
and step three, resetting the X-direction abrasion as a numerical value before tool changing, keeping the Z-direction abrasion set in the front unchanged, and operating the program to perform normal machining.
9. The method for the numerically controlled turning of a multiple start trapezoidal thread according to claim 8, characterized in that: step one, finishing an X-direction abrasion part corresponding to the tool number of the tool in a tool deviation table, inputting more than two tooth height values, operating a program, and enabling the turning tool to be idle close to the surface of a workpiece.
10. The method for the numerically controlled turning of a multiple start trapezoidal thread according to claim 8, characterized in that: and step two, finishing the Z-direction abrasion part corresponding to the tool number of the tool in the tool deviation table, initially setting Z-direction abrasion, slightly reducing X-direction abrasion, operating a program, starting to feed the tool outside the tooth socket, finally cutting into a shallow tool, observing the relative position of the turning tool and the tooth socket, and repeatedly setting Z-direction abrasion until the turning tool and the tooth socket are completely aligned.
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| CN113953606A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-01-21 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | Method for machining double-end threads of structural part |
| CN114101812A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-03-01 | 中国航发中传机械有限公司 | Method for machining multi-head large-groove-width large-helix-angle high-precision internal rectangular threads |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113953606A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-01-21 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | Method for machining double-end threads of structural part |
| CN114101812A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-03-01 | 中国航发中传机械有限公司 | Method for machining multi-head large-groove-width large-helix-angle high-precision internal rectangular threads |
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