CN112518251A - Processing method of bidirectional guide screw - Google Patents
Processing method of bidirectional guide screw Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112518251A CN112518251A CN202011368128.5A CN202011368128A CN112518251A CN 112518251 A CN112518251 A CN 112518251A CN 202011368128 A CN202011368128 A CN 202011368128A CN 112518251 A CN112518251 A CN 112518251A
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- turning
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- outer circle
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- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000002925 dental caries Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005493 welding type Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
Abstract
A processing method of a bidirectional guide screw comprises the following steps of S1, blanking and straightening, roughly turning an outer circle, wherein the diameter of the outer circle is 7 mm; step S2, performing thermal refining, performing twice semi-finish turning on the outer circle, and keeping the allowance of the single edge of the outer circle to be 1.5 mm; step S3, if the guide rod is bent and deformed after the secondary semi-finish turning, cold welding and fire work correction are adopted, finish turning thread machining is carried out after the deformation reprocessing range is confirmed, and if no deformation exists, finish turning thread machining is directly carried out; and step S4, in the fine thread turning process, turning the trapezoidal thread by adopting a left-right cutting method. According to the method, the high-precision hydraulic dividing head is used for dividing, and the end mill milling process is adopted, so that the quality of the part is guaranteed, and the processing efficiency of the part is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of winch rope arrangement equipment, and particularly relates to a machining method of a bidirectional guide screw.
Background
The overall technical development of the ship matching industry in China is lagged, and the improvement of the international competitiveness of the ship industry is severely restricted. Because key technology and core manufacturing technology are not really mastered, many special winches are provided with rope arranging devices, and bidirectional lead screws are important parts of the rope arranging devices. Due to the variety of special winches, the specifications of the bidirectional lead screw are many, and nearly more than ten specifications and nearly hundreds of parts exist every year. The bidirectional lead screw is made of 40Cr or 42CrMo, the hardening and tempering hardness is HB260-HB300, the length-diameter ratio of the bidirectional lead screw is about 10-25 generally, the thread length is about 1M-2M, the surface roughness of a part requires Ra1.6, the precision grade of part excircle is IT7 grade, and the cylindricity requirement is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a machining method of a bidirectional guide screw, which uses a high-precision hydraulic dividing head to divide and uses an end mill to mill, thereby improving the machining efficiency.
The invention provides a processing method of a bidirectional lead screw, which comprises the following steps,
s1, blanking and straightening, roughly turning an outer circle, wherein the diameter of the outer circle is 7 mm;
step S2, performing thermal refining, performing twice semi-finish turning on the outer circle, and keeping the allowance of the single edge of the outer circle to be 1.5 mm;
step S3, if the guide rod is bent and deformed after the secondary semi-finish turning, cold welding and fire work correction are adopted, finish turning thread machining is carried out after the deformation reprocessing range is confirmed, and if no deformation exists, finish turning thread machining is directly carried out;
and step S4, in the fine thread turning process, turning the trapezoidal thread by adopting a left-right cutting method.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, when rough turning is carried out, the margin of about 0.25-0.35 mm is reserved on each side of the grooving tool with the turning tool bit width smaller than the groove bottom width when rough turning is carried out, and when fine turning is carried out, the margin of about 0.1-0.2 mm is reserved on each side of the trapezoidal thread turning tool when two side surfaces of the trapezoidal thread are turned by adopting a left-right cutting method.
Further, in finish turning thread machining, a hard alloy thread turning tool is adopted, the hard alloy thread turning tool is measured by an angle sample plate before sharpening, a tool nose and the angle sample plate are aligned to a light source during measurement, grinding is carried out according to a gap between the tool nose and the angle sample plate, a tool sharp angle is parallel to a tool bar during sharpening, a helix lead angle is added along the direction of feed when rear angles on two sides are sharpened, and the helix lead angle is subtracted along the direction of back feed.
Further, during rough turning, the longitudinal front angle gamma p of the hard alloy threading tool is selected to be 5-15 degrees, the profile angle epsilon r is selected to be 58-18 degrees, during finish turning, the longitudinal front angle gamma p is selected to be 0-3 degrees, and the profile angle epsilon r is selected to be 59-48 degrees.
Furthermore, during the left-right cutting method, only one cutting edge of two side edges of the turning tool is used for cutting during the thread cutting, and the transverse feeding of the middle sliding plate is matched with the left feeding and the right feeding of the small sliding plate every time the cutting tool is deepened.
The method has the advantages that the method adopts the milling process of the end mill by indexing through the high-precision hydraulic indexing head, so that the quality of the part is ensured, and the processing efficiency of the part is improved.
Detailed Description
The embodiment provides a processing method of a bidirectional lead screw, which comprises the following steps,
s1, blanking and straightening, roughly turning an outer circle, wherein the diameter of the outer circle is 7 mm;
step S2, performing thermal refining, performing twice semi-finish turning on the outer circle, and keeping the allowance of the single edge of the outer circle to be 1.5 mm;
step S3, if the guide rod is bent and deformed after the secondary semi-finish turning, cold welding and fire work correction are adopted, finish turning thread machining is carried out after the deformation reprocessing range is confirmed, and if no deformation exists, finish turning thread machining is directly carried out;
and step S4, in the fine thread turning process, turning the trapezoidal thread by adopting a left-right cutting method.
The diameter of the maximum excircle of the bidirectional guide screw processed in the embodiment is phi 70mm, the length is 1063mm, the shape is long and thin, great difficulty is caused to turning, and parts are easy to deform and bend due to stress.
The rough turning is to prevent the part from deforming due to heat treatment and local machining of the part is not performed. And after semi-finish turning, finish turning the spiral groove. Because the processed spiral groove is too deep, if the spiral groove is processed by a mode of clamping the ejector pin and the clamping jaw of the tail frame of the machine tool one by one, the deformation degree of the part cannot be ensured. In order to prevent deformation, secondary semi-finish turning of the outer circle is arranged after the rough turning process, 1.5 mm of allowance is reserved on the single edge of the outer circle, and the process is used for correcting during finish turning of threads. If the guide rod is still bent and deformed after the secondary semi-finish turning, the guide rod is corrected by cold welding and initiating workers, and the finish turning thread machining can be carried out after the deformation is confirmed to be in the machining range. The thread profile of the bidirectional lead screw is in contact with the single-thread nut. If the tooth shape is deformed, the tooth shape can be processed somewhat, and some tooth shapes can not be processed, so that the irregular tooth shape is caused, and the product quality is directly influenced. In order to ensure the qualified product, a series of process methods are used for ensuring the processing quality of the bidirectional guide screw rod.
In the fine thread machining, a hard alloy thread turning tool is adopted, in the embodiment, the hard alloy welding type turning tool made of YT15 material,
and (6) sharpening and measuring the sharp angle. The precision of the sharp angle of the threading tool directly determines the thread form angle of the thread and the thread must be sharpened correctly, which is in great relation to ensuring the precision of the thread. To ensure that the correct point angle is ground, an angle template is used to measure the point as it is sharpened. During measurement, the tool nose and the angle sample plate are aligned to the light source, the gap between the tool nose and the angle sample plate is observed, and grinding is carried out according to the gap until no gap exists. In order to facilitate sharpening and tool mounting, when the external screw thread turning tool is sharpened, the opposite line of the sharp corner of the tool is basically parallel to the tool bar, and when the external screw thread turning tool is sharpened, the cutting edge on one side of the turning tool can be ground to meet the requirement, and then the other side of the turning tool is sharpened by taking the grinding edge as a reference.
And (4) sharpening the rear angles of the two side edges. When the threading tool is sharpened, if the rear angles of the edges on two sides of the turning tool are sharpened according to the sharpening of a common excircle turning tool, the turning tool can not smoothly cut into a workpiece during turning, and severe friction can be generated on the tooth-shaped side surface of the thread along the feed direction to cause damage, thereby influencing normal turning; if the clearance angle is too large, the strength of the threading tool is reduced, and the threading tool is easily worn and vibrated during cutting. When sharpening the rear angles at two sides, attention should be paid to the influence of the thread lead angle on the thread machining quality, and when sharpening the threading tool, the lead angle should be added along the feed direction, and the lead angle should be subtracted from the back feed direction. The lead angle of the triangular thread is small and the influence is small, but when a right-hand trapezoidal thread with a lead angle of 6 ° 30 ' is turned, if the working relief angle of 3 ° 30 ' is selected, the left-hand relief angle α OL =3 ° 30 ' + ψ =10 ° and the right-hand relief angle α OR =3 ° 30 ' - ψ = -3 °, it is considered that the lead angle is large when the right-hand trapezoidal thread with a lead angle of 6 ° 30 ' is turned.
The influence of the rake angle on the angle of the profile. When the thread is turned, the front angle of the turning tool influences the thread form angle of the thread, the larger the front angle is, the larger the error of the thread form angle is, so that in order to ensure the accuracy of the thread form angle in the thread turning process, the thread form angle is properly corrected, for example, in a common triangular thread, the longitudinal front angle gamma p in the rough turning process can be selected from 5 degrees to 15 degrees, the thread form angle epsilon r can be selected from 58 degrees to 18 degrees, the longitudinal front angle gamma p in the finish turning process can be selected from 0 degrees to 3 degrees, and the thread form angle epsilon r can be selected from 59.
The influence of the tool setting deviation on the thread accuracy. Whether the installation of threading tool is correct can produce certain influence to the screw thread precision. If the cutter is installed with deviation, even if the angle of the cutter of the threading tool is very accurate, the processed thread profile angle still generates deviation, the position of the cutter point of the threading tool is corrected by applying a sample plate during the cutter installation, and the height of the cutter point must be aligned to the working rotation center.
In the embodiment, the thread turning of the bidirectional guide screw rod adopts a left-right cutting method, and only one cutting edge of two side edges of the turning tool is used for cutting. When the tool is deepened to be eaten each time, the transverse feeding of the middle sliding plate is matched with the left and right feeding of the small sliding plate, the tool has the advantages that the chip removal is smooth, the stress and heating condition of the tool tip is improved, and the tool binding phenomenon is not easy to cause in the turning. Therefore, the cutting amount can be relatively increased, and the smooth thread can be easily machined. Its disadvantages are that the operation is not as simple as straight-forward method, the tooth shape is not easy to be turned clearly, and the error of thread tooth shape will be increased because the blade is affected by unidirectional cutting force.
When the trapezoidal thread is turned, a left-right cutting method is adopted; for example, turning Tr32 x 6 trapezoidal threads, the processing method can be determined after the basic size of the threads is calculated, and since P =6 > 4mm and the rough turning is selected for improving the cutting efficiency, a left-right cutting method is adopted; a left-right cutting method is adopted during finish turning so as to ensure better surface roughness and obtain higher precision and avoid the phenomenon of 'knife binding'.
The cutting amount of the present embodiment follows the following principles,
1. different turning quantities are selected according to different processing steps. When the workpiece is rough, in order to cut off redundant parts on the workpiece as soon as possible, a larger cutting amount can be selected; during finish machining, in order to ensure the thread precision and the surface roughness, a smaller cutting amount must be selected. If a rough grooving tool with a tool bit width slightly smaller than the groove bottom width is selected, a margin of about 0.25-0.35 mm is reserved on each side; and a trapezoidal thread turning tool is used for turning two side surfaces of the trapezoidal thread by adopting a left-right cutting method, and a finish turning allowance of about 0.1-0.2 mm is reserved on each side.
2. Different cutting amount is selected according to different workpiece materials. When 42CrMo and other alloy steel workpieces are turned, threads are bent due to the fact that the material is high in hardness and the cutting depth is too large.
3. Different cutting amount is selected according to different cutting methods. When a thread workpiece is cut by adopting a straight-in method, the turning cross-sectional area is larger, the stress and heating condition of a turning tool is more serious, and the cutting amount is less; when a left-right cutting method is adopted, the turning cross-sectional area is smaller, the stress and heating conditions of the turning tool are improved, and then larger cutting amount is selected.
The thread of the bidirectional lead screw is too long, so that the situation of breaking the tool nose due to errors is likely to happen in the machining process, and the phenomenon of broken thread or tooth decay is inevitably generated in the first tool, so that the thread is turned disorderly and is wasted. The turning tool is turned to the position of the surface of the workpiece, the turning tool is immediately stopped (can not be turned backwards), the middle and small sliding plates are shaken to enable the tool tip of the turning tool to be aligned with the spiral groove, then the turning tool is started, whether the tool tip of the turning tool is in the groove is observed until the tool tip is aligned with the spiral groove, and then the turning is started.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are intended to further illustrate the principles of the invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is intended to be protected by the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A processing method of a bidirectional lead screw is characterized by comprising the following steps,
s1, blanking and straightening, roughly turning an outer circle, wherein the diameter of the outer circle is 7 mm;
step S2, performing thermal refining, performing twice semi-finish turning on the outer circle, and keeping the allowance of the single edge of the outer circle to be 1.5 mm;
step S3, if the guide rod is bent and deformed after the secondary semi-finish turning, cold welding and fire work correction are adopted, finish turning thread machining is carried out after the deformation reprocessing range is confirmed, and if no deformation exists, finish turning thread machining is directly carried out;
and step S4, in the fine thread turning process, turning the trapezoidal thread by adopting a left-right cutting method.
2. The processing method of a bidirectional guide screw according to claim 1, wherein during rough machining, a groove cutter having a cutter head with a width smaller than a groove bottom width leaves a margin of about 0.25 to 0.35mm on each side during rough machining, and during finish machining, a trapezoidal threading tool adopts a left-right cutting method to machine a margin of about 0.1 to 0.2mm on each side of both side surfaces of a trapezoidal thread.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the finish threading process comprises using a carbide threading tool, the carbide threading tool is measured by using an angle template before sharpening, the tool tip and the angle template are aligned with a light source during the measurement, and are ground according to a gap between the tool tip and the angle template, the tool tip angle is parallel to the tool bar during sharpening, a lead angle is added along the direction of the tool when the rear angles on both sides are sharpened, and the lead angle is subtracted from the direction of the back tool.
4. The processing method of a bidirectional lead screw according to claim 2, wherein during rough turning, the longitudinal front angle γ p of the carbide threading tool is selected from 5 ° to 15 °, the profile angle ∈ r is selected from 58 ° to 18 °, the longitudinal front angle γ p during finish turning is selected from 0 ° to 3 °, and the profile angle ∈ r is selected from 59 ° to 48'.
5. The method for processing a bidirectional guide screw according to claim 1, wherein only one of the two side edges of the turning tool is cutting during the left-right cutting process, and the transverse feed of the middle slide plate and the left-right feed of the small slide plate are matched each time the cutting tool is deepened.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011368128.5A CN112518251A (en) | 2020-11-30 | 2020-11-30 | Processing method of bidirectional guide screw |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011368128.5A CN112518251A (en) | 2020-11-30 | 2020-11-30 | Processing method of bidirectional guide screw |
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| CN112518251A true CN112518251A (en) | 2021-03-19 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113145867A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-07-23 | 大唐山西发电有限公司太原第二热电厂 | Numerical control turning method for multi-thread trapezoidal threads |
| CN113953541A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-01-21 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | Machining method for stainless steel double-end threaded spherical structural part |
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| CN103394773A (en) * | 2013-08-19 | 2013-11-20 | 重庆工具厂有限责任公司 | Method for rapidly turning double-start thread |
| CN104646973A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-05-27 | 范如玉 | Processing method of multi-thread worm |
| CN104889507A (en) * | 2015-07-04 | 2015-09-09 | 云南冶金昆明重工有限公司 | Long lead screw turning method |
| CN105522226A (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2016-04-27 | 陕西一品达石化有限公司 | Multi-thread worm turning method |
| CN106181276A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2016-12-07 | 青阳县恒远机械制造有限责任公司 | A kind of screw rod processing technique |
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2020
- 2020-11-30 CN CN202011368128.5A patent/CN112518251A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103394773A (en) * | 2013-08-19 | 2013-11-20 | 重庆工具厂有限责任公司 | Method for rapidly turning double-start thread |
| CN104646973A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-05-27 | 范如玉 | Processing method of multi-thread worm |
| CN104889507A (en) * | 2015-07-04 | 2015-09-09 | 云南冶金昆明重工有限公司 | Long lead screw turning method |
| CN105522226A (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2016-04-27 | 陕西一品达石化有限公司 | Multi-thread worm turning method |
| CN106181276A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2016-12-07 | 青阳县恒远机械制造有限责任公司 | A kind of screw rod processing technique |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113145867A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-07-23 | 大唐山西发电有限公司太原第二热电厂 | Numerical control turning method for multi-thread trapezoidal threads |
| CN113953541A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-01-21 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | Machining method for stainless steel double-end threaded spherical structural part |
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Application publication date: 20210319 |
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