CN105536733A - 一种镶嵌式柔性中空体拒水吸附材料 - Google Patents

一种镶嵌式柔性中空体拒水吸附材料 Download PDF

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CN105536733A
CN105536733A CN201510966010.5A CN201510966010A CN105536733A CN 105536733 A CN105536733 A CN 105536733A CN 201510966010 A CN201510966010 A CN 201510966010A CN 105536733 A CN105536733 A CN 105536733A
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米世超
王龙生
宋启海
宋维广
陈春晖
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Shandong Binhai New Materials Technology Co., Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种镶嵌式柔性中空体拒水吸附材料，其特征在于：在制备拒水吸附材料过程中镶嵌入柔性中空体，通过对箱体温度、反应时间、拒水吸附剂浓度的控制采用数理实验方法得到最优的拒水吸附材料。本发明的镶嵌式柔性中空体拒水吸附材料的优点：拒水效果优，对各类烷烃、环烷烃、芳香烃、甲苯、苯胺等有机化学溶剂吸附率达到50倍以上，吸附效率高，吸收速度快，方便组装，吸附面积大等特点。本发明的拒水吸附材料具有制备方法简单新颖、材料循环利用、成本低廉、经济环保等特点。因此，本发明具有广阔的市场前景，尤其在处理大面积海洋溢油方面的应用能达到绝佳的效果。

Description

一种镶嵌式柔性中空体拒水吸附材料
技术领域
本发明涉及一种拒水吸附材料的技术领域，尤其涉及一种镶嵌式柔性中空体拒水吸附材料。
背景技术
海洋溢油事故不仅浪费了大量油资源，而且油污会迅速扩散漂移，造成严重的环境污染和生态灾害。目前采用的溢油处理方法多为机械吸附方法和燃烧、分散等方法。传统的机械吸附方法使用的吸附材料如活性炭、膨胀石墨、泥炭、二氧化硅、有机化改性粘土等，因其吸附率低，吸附后回收困难，目前已经较少使用；天然的亚麻、棉花、乳草、稻草和羊毛等物质由于存在材料强度较低不能反复利用且易漂移或沉入水底易对环境造成危害。燃烧法和分散法易产生有毒物质，造成二次污染。两种方法都只适合小面积下的溢油事故处理。
因此鉴于此种情况，本发明涉及一种镶嵌式柔性中空体拒水吸附材料。具有拒水效果优，对各类烷烃、环烷烃、芳香烃、甲苯、苯胺等有机化学溶剂吸附率达到50倍以上，吸附效率高，吸收速度快，方便组装拼接、使用面积广等特点。尤其是针对吸附原油、成品油达到极优的效果，能有效解决海洋或河流大面积的溢油事故紧急救援问题，达到保护海洋生态环境目的。
发明内容
本发明针对现有吸附材料中吸附率低、吸附后回收困难、吸附面积小、出现二次污染现象等缺点，提供了一种镶嵌式柔性中空体拒水吸附材料。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明通过以下技术方案得以解决：
调制三种浓度的拒水吸附剂：首先称取大小为0.5μm的二氧化硅颗粒30g和0.3μm的氧化锌颗粒20g，全氟硅氧烷溶液50ml，三种物质混合后在恒温恒湿环境下进行高速搅拌20分钟，使二氧化硅颗粒和氧化锌颗粒完全溶解得到修饰液A；其次量取浓度为40%的二氧六环100ml、硅树脂40ml，在35℃温度下进行搅拌溶解，得到溶解液B；再将修饰液A和溶解液B在恒温恒湿下进行匀速搅拌混合，得到溶质配制液C；最后取三份20ml溶质配制液C与乙酸乙酯试剂按1：3、1：5、1：7的比例在恒温恒湿下进行一一稀释，混合搅拌均匀即得到三种不同浓度的拒水吸附剂。
高温融合：首先选取多块大小为1m*1m的柔性中空体，以10块分为一组，将每块柔性中空体四角轻轻以180度水平角平卡在方形模具箱四角内的卡槽中，每块柔性中空体上下垂直间隔为10cm，进行镶嵌准备；其次将已高速搅拌好的吸附材料原浆每组取20kg和上述得到的某一浓度的拒水吸附剂每组2kg迅速倒入各个模具箱内，再在每一个模具箱内加入2kg硅酸四乙酯，封箱盖；最后设定每个模具箱的反应时间为4小时，设定每模具箱的箱体温度为150℃、180℃、210℃。
固化成型：将步骤（2）中每组模具箱所得制品在40℃条件下固化2、3、4小时后得到所述的柔性中空体拒水吸附材料。
最优整理技术，通过采用三因素三水平数理统计无交互作用的正交设计实验方法设定三种拒水吸附剂的浓度分别为1：3、1：5、1：7，成型模具箱内的箱体温度分别设为150、180、210℃，固化时间分别为2、3、4小时，三个因素一一对应，经过上述步骤生产分别将得到的二十七组柔性中空体拒水吸附材料进行吸成品油实验，通过测定每一组拒水吸附材料的吸油率、吸水率、吸油倍数、吸油时间、持油性等参数，得到最优的柔性中空体拒水吸附材料。
有益效果
由于采用了上述的技术方案，本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下的优点和积极效果：
1、所述发明产品可以使拒水吸附材料的吸油倍数达到50倍以上，吸油速率达到0.049g/s，吸水率≦1%，油保持率达到90%以上；
2、所述发明产品通过使用柔性中空体的螺纹耦合结构能够将多块拒水吸附材料任意连接在一起；
3、所述发明产品具有吸附效率高，吸收速度快，方便组装拼接、使用面积广等特点；
4、所述发明产品尤其是针对吸附原油、成品油能达到极优的效果，能有效解决海洋或河流大面积的溢油事故紧急救援问题，达到保护海洋生态环境的目的；
5、所述发明产品绿色环保，不会对海洋环境产生二次污染。
附图说明：
图1是本发明的整体结构示意图：1-1吸附材料，1-2柔性中空体，1-3镶嵌式柔性中空体拒水吸附材料；
图2是本发明的柔性中空体结构示意图：2-1螺纹结构，2-2副枝，2-3副枝圆孔，2-4主枝，2-5主枝圆孔，2-6柔性中空体；
图3是本发明的柔性中空体的主枝结构示意图：3-1主枝横剖附视图，3-2主枝横剖剖视图；
图4是本发明的模具箱结构示意图：4-1模具箱卡槽，4-2模具箱。

Claims (5)

1.一种镶嵌式柔性中空体拒水吸附材料，其特征在于：在制备拒水吸附材料过程中镶嵌入柔性中空体，通过对箱体温度、反应时间、拒水吸附剂浓度的控制采用三因素三水平数理实验方法得到最优的拒水吸附材料；包括以下步骤：
（1）调制三种浓度的拒水吸附剂：首先将0.2～0.5μm不同大小颗粒的二氧化硅和氧化锌用全氟硅氧烷修饰，其次将修饰好的纳米颗粒加到浓度为30%～60%的环氧80～120ml和硅树脂40～60ml混合液中搅拌得到溶质配制液，最后将溶质配制液和乙酸乙酯试剂按三种不同比例混合搅拌均匀得到三种浓度拒水吸附剂；
（2）高温融合：首先取若干块柔性中空体，将每一块柔性中空体的四角以180度水平角平卡在方形模具箱内以便进行镶嵌；其次将高速搅拌好的吸附材料原浆和上述某一浓度拒水吸附剂迅速倒入模具箱内，再加入粘联剂，封箱盖；最后设定统一反应时间4小时，设定150～210℃三个不同梯度的箱体温度；
（3）固化成型：将步骤（2）所得制品在40℃条件下固化2～4小时得到所述的柔性中空体拒水吸附材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种镶嵌式柔性中空体拒水吸附材料，其特征在于：上述柔性中空体形状整体为长方形，结构采用仿生学原理互相连接，分为主枝和副枝，均为圆柱状，且主枝直径是副枝直径3倍；每一主枝内部距边缘5cm处均为螺纹结构便于块与块之间耦合连接，中间部位及副枝内部均为光滑弧面；主枝和副枝内部中空，外壳均布满对应直径、间距相同的圆孔，通过螺纹耦合，可以使任意两块柔性中空体简单快捷的连接在一起。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种镶嵌式柔性中空体拒水吸附材料，其特征在于：上述模具箱为长方体，内部四角每隔10cm为柔性中空体卡槽。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种镶嵌式柔性中空体拒水吸附材料，其特征在于：上述的粘联剂为硅酸四乙酯。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种镶嵌式柔性中空体拒水吸附材料，其特征在于：通过采用三因素三水平数理统计无交互作用的正交设计实验方法得到最优的拒水吸附材料，设定拒水吸附剂的浓度分别为1：3、1：5、1：7，成型模具箱内的箱体温度分别设为150、180、210摄氏度，固化时间分别为2、3、4小时，三个因素一一对应，分别将二十七组原料放入每个模具箱内进行生产实验，通过箱体一系列化学反应固化得到不同拒水吸附材料，最后经过实验验证选取最优拒水吸附材料。
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110777539A (zh) * 2019-11-18 2020-02-11 塔里木大学 一种拒水吸油的三维多孔棉织物的制备方法

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JP2004154731A (ja) * 2002-11-08 2004-06-03 Hazama Corp 吸油剤、その散布装置及びその散布方法
CN1654336A (zh) * 2005-01-24 2005-08-17 复旦大学 超疏水二氧化钛薄膜及其制备方法
CN101518728A (zh) * 2009-04-10 2009-09-02 北京化工大学 一种整体式高比表面积多孔吸附剂及其制备方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2004154731A (ja) * 2002-11-08 2004-06-03 Hazama Corp 吸油剤、その散布装置及びその散布方法
CN1654336A (zh) * 2005-01-24 2005-08-17 复旦大学 超疏水二氧化钛薄膜及其制备方法
CN101518728A (zh) * 2009-04-10 2009-09-02 北京化工大学 一种整体式高比表面积多孔吸附剂及其制备方法

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110777539A (zh) * 2019-11-18 2020-02-11 塔里木大学 一种拒水吸油的三维多孔棉织物的制备方法

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