CN105535659A - 一种治疗心绞痛的药物及制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗心绞痛的药物及制备方法，属中药领域；本发明药物有效成分的原料组成为：浮小麦、丹皮、大金刀、大青根、糖芥、鸡血藤、海木、太白米、红花、红背桂、槐枝、丹参、酒瓶花、降香、苦豆子和薤白；本发明药物所选药材配伍相宜，符合中医药学和现代医药学理论，并具有活血散瘀、止血定痛、温通散寒之功效，对治疗心绞痛具有显著的疗效，见效较快，服用方便，治愈后不复发，安全无毒副作用，能够达到标本兼治的目的，奇效实用，值得临床上广泛推广应用。
Description
所属技术领域
本发明涉及中药领域，尤其涉及一种治疗心绞痛的药物及制备方法。
背景技术
心绞痛是冠状动脉供血不足，心肌急剧的、暂时缺血与缺氧所引起的以发作性胸痛或胸部不适为主要表现的临床综合症。其特点为阵发性的前胸压榨性疼痛感觉，可伴有其他症状，疼痛主要位于胸骨后部，可放射至心前区与左上肢，常发生于劳动或情绪激动时，每次发作3-5分钟，可数日一次，也可一日数次，休息或用硝酸酯制剂后消失。本病多见于男性，多数病人在40岁以上，劳累、情绪激动、饱食、受寒、阴雨天气、急性循环衰竭等为常见的诱因。心绞痛多数情况下不是真痛，而是一种重压感、钳夹感和灼热塞闷感，好象心胸顿时变得很狭窄，无法扩展开来，因此又称“狭心症”。
心绞痛的直接发病原因是心肌供血不足。而心肌供血不足主要源于冠心病。有时，其他类型的心脏病或失控的高血压也能引起心绞痛。如果血管中脂肪不断沉积，就会形成斑块。斑块若发生在冠状动脉，就会导致其缩窄，进一步减少其对心肌的供血，就形成了冠心病。冠状动脉内脂肪不断沉积逐渐形成斑块的过程称为冠状动脉硬化。一些斑块比较坚硬而稳定，就会导致冠状动脉本身的缩窄和硬化。另外一些斑块比较柔软，容易碎裂形成血液凝块。冠状动脉内壁这种斑块的积累会以以下两种方式引起心绞痛：①冠状动脉的固定位置管腔缩窄，进而导致经过的血流大大减少；②形成的血液凝块部分或者全部阻塞冠状动脉。
随着我国人民生活水平提高、生活方式以及饮食结构的变化，心绞痛的发病率逐年上升，且发病日趋年轻化，已经成为人口死亡的主要原因之一。因此，研究一种能够彻底治愈心绞痛症状是医学研究难题之一。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种治疗心绞痛的药物及制备方法；本发明药物所选药材配伍相宜，符合中医药学和现代医药学理论，并具有活血散瘀、止血定痛、温通散寒之功效，对治疗心绞痛具有显著的疗效，见效较快，服用方便，治愈后不复发，安全无毒副作用，能够达到标本兼治的目的，奇效实用，值得临床上广泛推广应用。
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案实施如下：
一种治疗心绞痛的药物，制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为：
浮小麦67～90份丹皮64～88份大金刀63～87份大青根61～85份
糖芥59～83份鸡血藤57～81份海木56～80份太白米55～79份
红花52～76份红背桂51～75份槐枝48～72份丹参44～68份
酒瓶花44～68份降香42～65份苦豆子38～62份薤白35～58份。
制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为：
浮小麦70～86份丹皮68～84份大金刀67～83份大青根65～81份
糖芥63～79份鸡血藤61～77份海木60～76份太白米59～75份
红花56～72份红背桂55～71份槐枝52～68份丹参48～64份
酒瓶花48～64份降香46～61份苦豆子42～58份薤白39～54份。
制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为：
浮小麦74～82份丹皮72～80份大金刀61～79份大青根69～77份
糖芥67～75份鸡血藤65～73份海木64～72份太白米63～71份
红花60～68份红背桂59～67份槐枝56～64份丹参52～60份
酒瓶花52～60份降香49～57份苦豆子46～54份薤白43～51份。
制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为：
浮小麦78份丹皮76份大金刀75份大青根73份
糖芥71份鸡血藤69份海木68份太白米67份
红花64份红背桂63份槐枝60份丹参56份
酒瓶花56份降香53份苦豆子50份薤白47份。
一种治疗心绞痛的药物的制备方法，包括以下工艺步骤：
(1)将浮小麦洗净，切碎，放入容器内，绞汁，滤杂质，留汁液备用；
(2)将糖芥、太白米和降香放入容器内，进行粉碎处理，研末，过180目细粉，备用；
(3)将丹皮、大青根、红花、红背桂、丹参、酒瓶花和薤白洗净，放入容器内，加入8～10倍量的蒸馏水，浸泡5～6小时后，煮沸3～4小时，提取；再次加入6～8倍量蒸馏水，煮沸2～3小时，提取；最后，加入4～6倍量蒸馏水，加热煮沸1～2小时，提取；合并三次提取液，过滤，得滤液，浓缩成60℃下相对密度为1.10～1.13的稠膏，备用；
(4)将大金刀、鸡血藤、海木和槐枝洗净，浸入5倍量的80％的乙醇溶液浸泡1～2小时，加热提取3小时，回收乙醇，滤过，得滤液，浓缩为65℃下相对密度为1.12～1.16的稠膏，备用；
(5)将苦豆子置于炒锅内，武火炒炒制至冒烟并呈黑色为止，取出放凉，进行粉碎处理，研末，过200目细粉，备用；
(6)将上述步骤(1)～(5)所制得的汁液、细粉以及稠膏混合，制成片剂，即得所述的治疗心绞痛的药物。
本发明所用中药的药性如下：
浮小麦：味甘，性凉；归心经。止虚汗，养心安神。用于体虚多汗，脏躁症。《现代实用中药》载：“补心，止烦，除热，敛汗，利小便。”
丹皮：味苦，性微寒；归心、肝、肾、肺经。清热凉血，活血散瘀。温热病热入血分，发斑，吐衄，热病后期热伏阴分发热，阴虚骨蒸潮热，血滞经闭，痛经，痈肿疮毒，跌扑伤痛，风湿热痹。《名医别录》载：“除时气头痛，客热五劳，劳气头腰痛，风噤，癫疾。”
大金刀：味苦，性凉；归心、肺、膀胱经。清热利湿，凉血止血。用于尿路感染，小便不利，咯血。外用治创伤出血，烧烫伤。
大青根：味苦，性寒；归心、肝经。清热，解毒，凉血。主乙脑，流脑，感冒高热，流脑，腮腺炎，血热发班，麻疹肺炎，黄疸型肚炎，热泻热痢，风湿热痹，头痛，咽喉肿痛，风火牙痛，睾丸炎。广州部队《常用中草药手册》载：“清热泻火，凉血解毒，散瘀止血。治肠炎，菌痢，咽喉炎，扁桃腺炎，腮腺炎，感冒发热，齿龈出血。”
糖芥：味苦、辛，性寒；归肺、胃经。健脾和胃，利尿强心。主脾胃不和，食积不化，及心力衰竭之浮肿。《西藏常用中草药》载：“清血热，镇咳，强心。洽虚疡发热，肺结核咳嗽，久病心力不足，能解肉毒。”
鸡血藤：味苦、微甘、性温；归肝、心、肾经。活血舒筋，养血调经。主治风湿痹痛，手足麻木，肢体瘫痪，月经不调，经行不畅，痛经，经闭，白细胞减少症。
海木：味苦，性凉，有小毒。清热解毒，祛风湿，利咽喉。主治风湿腰腿痛，咽喉炎，扁桃体炎，心胃气痛。
太白米：味辛、甘、苦，性微温。宽胸理气，止咳止痛。用于心胃气痛，胸闷，咳嗽，呕吐。
红花：味辛、性温；归心、肝经。气香行散，活血通经，祛瘀止痛。对痛经，经闭，产后血晕，瘀滞腹痛，胸痹心痛，血积，跌打瘀肿，关节疼痛，中风瘫痪，斑疹紫暗等有很好的疗效。活血通径、散瘀止痛。《本草正》：“达痘疮血热难出，散斑疹血滞不消。”
红背桂：味辛、微苦，性平，有小毒；归肝经。通经活络，止痛。主治麻疹，腮腺炎，扁桃体炎，心绞痛，肾绞痛，腰肌劳损。《新华本草纲要》载：“通经活络，止痛，用于麻疹、腮腺炎、扁桃体炎、心绞痛、肾绞痛；腰肌劳损。”
槐枝：味苦，性平；归心、肝经。散瘀止血，清热燥湿，祛风杀虫。主崩漏，赤白带下，痔疮，阴囊湿痒，心痛，目赤，疥癣。《滇南本草》载：“洗皮肤疥癞，去皮肤瘙痒之风。”
丹参：味苦，性微寒；入心、肝经。活血通经，排脓生肌，活血调经，祛瘀止痛，凉血消痈，清心除烦，养血安神。用于月经不调、瘀血作痛、闭经、症瘕、心病、心绞痛、子宫外孕、心烦内热、痈肿疮毒等。《药性论》载：“治脚弱，疼痹，主中恶；治腹痛，气作声音呜吼。”临床药理研究得知，丹参具有抗凝、抗血小板聚集的作用，能够调节血液粘稠度，改善血液流变学指数，增加毛细血管的通透性，促进纤维蛋白原的溶解，加速机体血液循环。再者，丹参可以有效地降低内皮素，改善心肌能量代谢，从而使胰腺组织的血流增多，避免缺血对胰腺组织造成的进一步损伤。
酒瓶花：味苦，性凉；归心、膀胱经。清热，利尿。主小儿惊风，感冒，急、慢性肾炎，肾盂肾炎。
降香：味辛，性温，无毒；归肝、脾、肺、心经。活血散瘀，止血定痛，降气，辟秽。主胸胁疼痛，跌打损伤，创伤出血，以及寒疝疼痛或秽浊内阻之呕吐腹痛。《纲目》载：“疗折伤金疮，止血定痛，消肿生肌。”
苦豆子：味苦，性寒，有毒；归心、肺经。清热利湿，止痛杀虫。用于胃痛，滴虫性肠炎，白带过多；外用治疮疖，湿疹，顽癣。现代医学研究证实，苦豆子具有镇痛、消炎的作用。
薤白：味辛、苦，性温；归肺、心、胃、大肠经。通阳散结，行气导滞。主治胸痹心痛彻背，胸脘痞闷，咳喘痰多，脘腹疼痛，泄痢后重，白带，疮疖痈肿。《纲目》载：“治少阴病厥逆泄痢，及胸痹刺痛，下气散血，安胎。温补助阳道。”
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下有益效果：
本发明药物所选药材配伍相宜，符合中医药学和现代医药学理论，并具有活血散瘀、止血定痛、温通散寒之功效，对治疗心绞痛具有显著的疗效，见效较快，服用方便，治愈后不复发，安全无毒副作用，能够达到标本兼治的目的，奇效实用，值得临床上广泛推广应用。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步阐述。
实施例1
本发明药物有效成分的原料组成及重量为：
浮小麦86g丹皮84g大金刀83g大青根81g
糖芥79g鸡血藤77g海木76g太白米75g
红花72g红背桂71g槐枝68g丹参64g
酒瓶花64g降香61g苦豆子58g薤白54g。
一种治疗心绞痛的药物的制备方法，包括以下工艺步骤：
(1)将浮小麦洗净，切碎，放入容器内，绞汁，滤杂质，留汁液备用；
(2)将糖芥、太白米和降香放入容器内，进行粉碎处理，研末，过180目细粉，备用；
(3)将丹皮、大青根、红花、红背桂、丹参、酒瓶花和薤白洗净，放入容器内，加入8～10倍量的蒸馏水，浸泡5～6小时后，煮沸3～4小时，提取；再次加入6～8倍量蒸馏水，煮沸2～3小时，提取；最后，加入4～6倍量蒸馏水，加热煮沸1～2小时，提取；合并三次提取液，过滤，得滤液，浓缩成60℃下相对密度为1.10～1.13的稠膏，备用；
(4)将大金刀、鸡血藤、海木和槐枝洗净，浸入5倍量的80％的乙醇溶液浸泡1～2小时，加热提取3小时，回收乙醇，滤过，得滤液，浓缩为65℃下相对密度为1.12～1.16的稠膏，备用；
(5)将苦豆子置于炒锅内，武火炒炒制至冒烟并呈黑色为止，取出放凉，进行粉碎处理，研末，过200目细粉，备用；
(6)将上述步骤(1)～(5)所制得的汁液、细粉以及稠膏混合，制成片剂，即得所述的治疗心绞痛的药物。
用法用量：口服即可，每日2次，早晚各1次，每次2片(每片0.5g)，饭后温开水送服；7天为1个疗程，2～3个疗程即可痊愈，病情严重者遵医嘱酌增用量。
实施例2
本发明药物有效成分的原料组成及重量为：
浮小麦82g丹皮80g大金刀79g大青根77g
糖芥75g鸡血藤73g海木72g太白米71g
红花68g红背桂67g槐枝64g丹参60g
酒瓶花60g降香57g苦豆子54g薤白51g。
本实施例的药物制备方法工艺步骤及用法用量与实施例1相同。
实施例3
本发明药物有效成分的原料组成及重量为：
浮小麦78g丹皮76g大金刀75g大青根73g
糖芥71g鸡血藤69g海木68g太白米67g
红花64g红背桂63g槐枝60g丹参56g
酒瓶花56g降香53g苦豆子50g薤白47g。
本实施例的药物制备方法工艺步骤及用法用量与实施例1相同。
实施例4
本发明药物有效成分的原料组成及重量为：
浮小麦74g丹皮72g大金刀61g大青根69g
糖芥67g鸡血藤65g海木64g太白米63g
红花60g红背桂59g槐枝56g丹参52g
酒瓶花52g降香49g苦豆子46g薤白43g。
本实施例的药物制备方法工艺步骤及用法用量与实施例1相同。
实施例5
本发明药物有效成分的原料组成及重量为：
浮小麦70g丹皮68g大金刀67g大青根65g
糖芥63g鸡血藤61g海木60g太白米59g
红花56g红背桂55g槐枝52g丹参48g
酒瓶花48g降香46g苦豆子42g薤白39g。
本实施例的药物制备方法工艺步骤及用法用量与实施例1相同。
临床资料：
病例选择：
作为治疗心绞痛的药物，选择确诊的心绞痛患者197例临床观察，病人随机分成治疗组和对照组两组，治疗组98例，其中男性49例，女性49例，年龄37～74岁，平均年龄55.5岁，平均病程3年；对照组99例，其中男性49例，女性50例，年龄36～73岁，平均年龄54.5岁，平均病程3年。
治疗组和对照组两组病例的病程、症状轻重程度基本一致，无显著差异，具有可比性。
2、药物选择：
治疗组服用本发明药物，口服即可，每日2次，早晚各1次，每次2片(每片0.5g)，饭后温开水送服；7天为1个疗程，2～3个疗程即可痊愈，病情严重者遵医嘱酌增用量。
对照组服用阿普洛尔，饭后服口服，一次25～50mg，一日3次，对心绞痛开始一次50mg，一日4次，可渐增至每日400mg。
3、疗效判定：
(1)治愈：主要症状全部消失，心功能恢复正常。
(2)显效：主要症状明显减轻，心功能有所好转。
(3)有效：主要症状有所减轻，心功能明显好转。
(4)无效：通过治疗后主要症状无减轻或加重。
4、结果：
以上结果显示，治疗组的治愈率和总有效率明显高于对照组。
典型病例举例：
1、卢某，男，38岁，江苏无锡人。患者自述因情绪激动突发心前区疼痛，有时呈闷胀痛，使用过西药治疗，效果不佳，后来我院就诊，经查心绞痛发作，后服用本发明药物治疗，服用1个疗程后，症状明显好转，服用2个疗程后，症状全部消失，痊愈，1年后随访无复发。
2、蒋某，女，40岁，安徽合肥人。患者突感心前区刺痛、痛引肩背并呈发作性，去医院就诊，患心绞痛，服用本发明药物治疗，服用1个疗程后，症状有所改善，服用第2个疗程后，症状消失，痊愈，心电图检查正常，半年后随访未复发。
3、蔡某，男，55岁，浙江嘉兴人。患者自述因反复活动后胸闷、气短、心前区疼痛2年，未见异常搏动，诊断为不稳定性心绞痛，服用几种药物治疗，未见好转，给予本发明药物治疗，服用1个疗程后，症状明显缓解，服用2个疗程后，症状全部消失，痊愈，随访至今未复发。
4、贾某，男，49岁，福建泉州人。患者1年前无明显诱因出现心前区疼痛，疼痛如针刺状，疼痛时间不等，反复发作，伴后背疼痛及全身无力，入院检查，患心绞痛，服用本发明药物治疗，服用1个疗程后，症状明显减轻，服用2个疗程后，症状全部消失，心功能恢复正常，痊愈，半年后随访无复发。
5、丁某，女，47岁，广东汕头人。患者近2年内反复活动后胸闷、气短、心前区疼痛，去医院查体：心前区无隆起，未见异常搏动，搏动无弥散，服用本发明药物治疗，服用1个疗程后，症状有所好转，继续服用2个疗程后，症状消失，痊愈，2年后随访无复发。
6、魏某，女，52岁，云南保山人。患者因过度劳累后突感心胸剧痛、如刺如绞、痛有定处，胸闷气短、动则尤甚，心慌。来我院就诊，经心电图检查为心绞痛发作，服用本发明药物治疗，服用1个疗程后，症状明显缓解，服用3个疗程后，症状完全消失，痊愈，1年后随访无复发。
Claims (5)
1.一种治疗心绞痛的药物，其特征在于：制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为：
浮小麦67～90份丹皮64～88份大金刀63～87份大青根61～85份
糖芥59～83份鸡血藤57～81份海木56～80份太白米55～79份
红花52～76份红背桂51～75份槐枝48～72份丹参44～68份
酒瓶花44～68份降香42～65份苦豆子38～62份薤白35～58份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗心绞痛的药物，其特征在于：制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为：
浮小麦70～86份丹皮68～84份大金刀67～83份大青根65～81份
糖芥63～79份鸡血藤61～77份海木60～76份太白米59～75份
红花56～72份红背桂55～71份槐枝52～68份丹参48～64份
酒瓶花48～64份降香46～61份苦豆子42～58份薤白39～54份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗心绞痛的药物，其特征在于：制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为：
浮小麦74～82份丹皮72～80份大金刀61～79份大青根69～77份
糖芥67～75份鸡血藤65～73份海木64～72份太白米63～71份
红花60～68份红背桂59～67份槐枝56～64份丹参52～60份
酒瓶花52～60份降香49～57份苦豆子46～54份薤白43～51份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗心绞痛的药物，其特征在于：制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为：
浮小麦78份丹皮76份大金刀75份大青根73份
糖芥71份鸡血藤69份海木68份太白米67份
红花64份红背桂63份槐枝60份丹参56份
酒瓶花56份降香53份苦豆子50份薤白47份。
5.一种如权利要求1～4任一项所述治疗心绞痛的药物的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下工艺步骤：
（1）将浮小麦洗净，切碎，放入容器内，绞汁，滤杂质，留汁液备用；
（2）将糖芥、太白米和降香放入容器内，进行粉碎处理，研末，过180目细粉，备用；
（3）将丹皮、大青根、红花、红背桂、丹参、酒瓶花和薤白洗净，放入容器内，加入8～10倍量的蒸馏水，浸泡5～6小时后，煮沸3～4小时，提取；再次加入6～8倍量蒸馏水，煮沸2～3小时，提取；最后，加入4～6倍量蒸馏水，加热煮沸1～2小时，提取；合并三次提取液，过滤，得滤液，浓缩成60℃下相对密度为1.10～1.13的稠膏，备用；
（4）将大金刀、鸡血藤、海木和槐枝洗净，浸入5倍量的80%的乙醇溶液浸泡1～2小时，加热提取3小时，回收乙醇，滤过，得滤液，浓缩为65℃下相对密度为1.12～1.16的稠膏，备用；
（5）将苦豆子置于炒锅内，武火炒炒制至冒烟并呈黑色为止，取出放凉，进行粉碎处理，研末，过200目细粉，备用；
（6）将上述步骤（1）～（5）所制得的汁液、细粉以及稠膏混合，制成片剂，即得所述的治疗心绞痛的药物。
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