CN105507809B - Cut rock crushing tool in a kind of alternation track - Google Patents
Cut rock crushing tool in a kind of alternation track Download PDFInfo
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- CN105507809B CN105507809B CN201610074515.5A CN201610074515A CN105507809B CN 105507809 B CN105507809 B CN 105507809B CN 201610074515 A CN201610074515 A CN 201610074515A CN 105507809 B CN105507809 B CN 105507809B
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 44
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/42—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits
- E21B10/43—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits characterised by the arrangement of teeth or other cutting elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/60—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
- E21B4/02—Fluid rotary type drives
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
- E21B4/006—Mechanical motion converting means, e.g. reduction gearings
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of alternation track to cut rock crushing tool, includes drill bit assembly and shell body group；Universal axle assembly, screw motor assembly and by-pass valve assembly are provided with the shell body group；The drill bit assembly is arranged on lower house bottom, forms rotation connection, and be threadably secured and be connected with universal axle assembly again；Cutting tooth is fixed with the bit body.It is characterized in that：Between the axis of rotation of the bit body and the axis of rotation of shell body group formed axial rake α, make shell body group revolution and bit body it is compound from phase inversion, realize the alternation track cutting movement of the cutting tooth；The universal axle assembly is directly fixedly connected with bit body.Beneficial effects of the present invention include：Cutting tooth stabilization, reliable alternation track cutting movement can be realized, is remarkably improved drill bit in hard formation wedging ability, raising efficiency of breaking rock；" drill bit helicoid hydraulic motor " composition structure is simplified simultaneously, is improved drilling safety, is reduced drilling tool cost.
Description
Technical field：
The invention belongs to the drilling equipment skills such as petroleum gas, mine engineering, building foundation engineering construction, geology, the hydrology
Art field, concretely it is related to a kind of rock crushing tool (including bit tool).
Background technology：
PDC drill bit is a kind of well drilling and rock crushing tool, and it has high drilling safety, structure type flexibility and with shearing
The technical advantages such as the form efficient rock-breaking of broken rock, worldwide more than the 80% of drilling well total footage number is all at present according to statistics
Completed by PDC drill bit, occupy absolute critical role.Routine fixes movement locus of the cutting tooth PDC drill bit in shaft bottom
Circle, every tooth is scraped all along the rotational trajectory of each self-retaining cuts motion (scrape and cut with track).Either live drill bit drilling
And failure mode, or indoor drillability, which is tested, can reflect stratum wedging energy of the PDC drill bit under this motion state
Power affects the efficiency of breaking rock of drill bit, particularly more notable in deep bad ground, this influence.It is mainly manifested in：①
It is soft, hard alternately creep into stratum when broken teeth easily occur, collapse tooth, the generation for the tooth failure phenomenon such as compact layer comes off；②
With the abrasion of cutting tooth, contact hertz stress with the interaction of rock and drastically reduce, and then make the stratum wedging ability of drill bit
Decline, rate of penetration significantly reduces；3. stratum requires high to PDC drill bit structure personalized designs, ground adaptability is not strong.
Helicoid hydraulic motor is a kind of now widely used mud motor, is a kind of positive displacement motor.Its main work
As principle be by high flow rate, huge discharge, High Voltage drilling fluid flowing, make closed between helicoid hydraulic motor rotor and stator
Space is moved or changed, so as to realize the executing agency of continuous rotary motion.Helicoid hydraulic motor is in oil/gas drilling engineering at present
Middle extensive use, its technical advantage are mainly reflected in two aspects：One is a curved shell can be set in helicoid hydraulic motor bottom, make it
The drill bit axis of rotation and the axis of rotation deflection certain angle of DRILL-STRING SYSTEM driven, it is easy to accomplish directional inclination or hold angle bore
Enter, the wellbore trajectory for realizing Special complex creeps into particularly significant；The second is in extended reach directional well, horizontal well drilling,
DRILL-STRING SYSTEM largely contacts with the borehole wall and produces powerful frictional force, makes ground rotating disk or the driving torque of top drive be difficult to effectively pass
Drill bit is handed to, and powerful moment of torsion can be produced in shaft bottom by the helicoid hydraulic motor of drilling fluid flowing acquisition driving force and drive drill bit
Effectively drilling.
Before and after 2010, drill bit research institute of Southwest Petrol University, which proposes, thinks that " drill bit scrapes the motion cut by intersecting
Form, efficiency of breaking rock can be effectively improved " academic viewpoint, its theoretical foundation include two aspect：One is drill bit passes through intersection
Scrape to cut and naturally form in the cutting direction of tooth " projection " (phacolith), thus tooth can natural wedging rock, drill bit bore
The validity entered will significantly improve；The second is deep formation rock is made by pressure environments such as Pore Pressure, confined pressure and covering pressures
Under, have strong " compacted fill ground ".And drill bit is scraped to cut to form " projection " by intersecting, its local pressure environment occurs notable
Change, shearing strength and tensile strength will significantly reduce, and so as to make it easier to that volumetric fracture occurs, and then improve drill bit
Drilling efficiency.The either indoor full drill bit experiment of the academic viewpoint, or live " compound drilling " engineering practice have verified that
Its correctness and reasonability.
Under the guiding of above-mentioned academic viewpoint, Chinese patent CN 201010229371.9 discloses " a kind of with cutting way
A kind of composite drill bit of broken rock ", it is proposed that runner arrangement alternate with fixing wing that will be installed with the high intensity cutting tooth such as PDC teeth
Composite drill bit.Wherein runner is a kind of passive rotary cutting structure, is realized under the conditions of the reaction force of formation rock " slowly
Alternately working angles ", two sets of combined cut structures can form netted broken region on bottom rock, have efficiency of breaking rock
Height, even wearing, the advantages that drilling life of bit is long.Chinese patent CN 201010614370.6 discloses a kind of " combined type list
Rock bit ", is divided into two parts on the basis of conventional single-cone rotary drill bit by gear wheel, and a part is " perseverance contact cutting broken rock "
Lower wheel nose part is fixed with axle journal, and the top wheel body of another part " alternately contact cutting broken rock " passively rotates around axle journal.Should
On the one hand patent of invention is taking turns nose part fixed diamond class cutting tooth, can effectively improve the wearability and stock-removing efficiency of drill bit；
On the other hand the netted crushed zone of " people " font of the circular concentric crushed zone of wheel tip cutting tooth and wheel body portion can realize part
Cross action, formed and intersect cutting rock breaking efficiency, can further improve rock breaking efficiency.Chinese patent CN 20130545668.X are public
" a kind of Single-cone compound drill bit " has been opened, stationary cutting structure and the rotation cutting knot equipped with cutting tooth are provided with bit body
Structure.Wherein rotate cutting structure and be provided with the gear wheel of axle journal for one, and bearing hole is provided with bit body, gear wheel passes through axle journal
Formed and be rotatablely connected with bearing hole.This two sets of cutting structures can equally realize that the complicated cross network in shaft bottom is scraped and cut, and be advantageous to
Cutting tooth wedging formation rock, improve efficiency of breaking rock.
Chinese patent CN 201410426491.6：" PDC drill bit instrument that eccentric swing rotation can be achieved " and CN
201410426030.9：" a kind of PDC drill bit instrument with alternation Cutting trajectory " individually disclose two kinds bit body is direct
On the power transmission shaft of mud motor, the combination of mud motor and drill bit is realized, and possesses drill bit
The ability of " active alternation track cutting movement ".The former hands over variable track motion using the cycloidal profile structure output of internal messing,
The latter is meshed using Cycloidal Wheel with pinwheel can equally export friendship variable track motion.Above-mentioned two parts of patents, which are removed, can be achieved drill bit
Intersection, which is scraped, to be cut through outside rock mode, and its distinguishing feature is：By drill bit it is " passive " intersection scrape cut motion be changed into " active " intersection scrape
Motion is cut, its characteristics of motion can be worked by own structural characteristics (tool engagement profile wire shaped etc.), and mud motor
Rotating speed is determined that the factor such as change, drillstring vibrations with formation rock property influence relation is little, therefore it " is cut alternation track
Cut motion " it can stablize, reliably be achieved.
The content of the invention：
The goal of the invention of the present invention is：For deficiency existing for conventional fixed cutting tooth PDC drill bit, there is provided a kind of drilling well
Rock crushing tool, the instrument can make drill bit realize the alternation track cutting movement of active.There is forms of motion to stablize, be reliable for it, can
Significantly improve the efficiency of breaking rock of drill bit.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
Rock crushing tool is cut in a kind of alternation track, and including has drill bit assembly and shell body group.The shell body group is under
Housing, middle housing and upper shell composition；It is total that universal axle assembly, screw motor assembly and by-passing valve are provided with the shell body group
Into.Cutting tooth is fixed with bit body in the drill bit assembly, forms the cutting structure of rock crushing tool, and on bit body
Axle journal is provided with, helicitic texture is internally provided with axle journal；The lower house bottom is provided with bearing hole, and with bit body
Axle journal is engaged, and forms rotation connection；The universal axle assembly is arranged on inside lower house, in its lower contact and the axle journal
Helicitic texture is engaged, and composition is fixedly connected；The top connection of the universal drive shaft is engaged with the rotor bottom of the motor assembly,
Composition is fixedly connected；The motor assembly is arranged on the middle enclosure interior, and the middle enclosure interior is provided with the motor
The stator structure of assembly；The by-pass valve assembly is arranged on inside the upper shell；The upper shell, middle housing and housing are successively
Head and the tail are connected.Patent of the present invention is characterised by：The axis of rotation of the bit body and the gyroaxis of the shell body group
Line forms angle α (axial rake), and the universal axle assembly is directly fixedly connected with the bit body.
Broken rock drilling must possess three conditions to drill bit in the earth formation：First, the pressure of the drill can be transmitted effectively, make drill bit wedging
Rock；Second, moment of torsion can be transmitted effectively, make drill bit shearing-crushing rock；Third, circulation of drilling fluid path can be established.At this
Used by patent of invention in technical scheme, the transmission of the pressure of the drill can give upper, middle and lower housing, Ran Houtong by DRILL-STRING SYSTEM special delivery
The bearing hole bottom surface crossed on lower house is engaged formed kinematic pair with the top surface of axle journal on bit body and passes to bit body,
Formed kinematic pair can be engaged with the bottom surface of axle journal on bit body by lower house upper bearing aperture top surface and transmit bit body,
Can also both collective effects by load transfer to bit body.The transmission of moment of torsion has two parts composition：A part is drilling fluid spiral shell
Bar motor assembly, and then bit body is directly passed to by universal drive shaft；Another part is shell during the rotation of DRILL-STRING SYSTEM drives
Body rotates, and then passes to bit body by " rotor-stator motion ", equivalent to the moment of torsion transmission in combined drilling.Bore
The gap chamber that well liquid peripheral passage was flowed between screw motor rotor, stator by DRILL-STRING SYSTEM endoporus before this, then by universal drive shaft
Pod apertures in assembly in lower contact enter the center flow channels of bit body, then enter drilling well annular space by bit nozzle, and then
On return to ground.
The key problem in technology of patent of the present invention has two aspects：First, the axis of rotation of bit body axis of rotation and shell body
Forming angle α, it is assumed that shell body revolution rotating speed is zero (revolution), and the movement locus line of cutting tooth is concentric circles on bit body, and
And angle α be present in the sagittal plane of place plane and shell body；Assuming that bit body rotation rotating speed is zero, then is cut on bit body
The movement locus line of tooth is the concentric circles on shell body sagittal plane.When revolution rotating speed and rotation rotating speed are all not zero, when
The movement locus of preceding cutting tooth is a spatial complex curve, the Shang Yiquan of its inevitable with other cutting tooths (or itself) (or it is next
Circle) movement locus intersect, that is, form described " alternation track cutting movement ".Second, bit body is directly and screw motor
The rotor connection of assembly, its rotation power are driven by tool interior, rather than the reaction force driving of rock.This is just by bit body
" passive rotation " is changed into " active rotation ", and its characteristics of motion can be by own structural characteristics (screw motor " head number ", axial rake α etc.)
Determined, the factor such as change, drillstring vibrations with formation rock property influence relation is little, therefore its " alternation track cutting fortune
It is dynamic " it can stablize, reliably be achieved.
The beneficial effect that patent of the present invention is realized includes：
1st, the compound motion being made up of the revolution of shell body group and the rotation of bit body, can realize and be cut on bit body
The alternation track cutting movement of tooth is cut, and the characteristics of motion is stable, reliable.Therefore drill bit is remarkably improved in hard formation wedging energy
Power, and then improve efficiency of breaking rock.
2nd, bit body simplifies " drill bit-helicoid hydraulic motor " composition structure, improves drilling safety directly with universal axis connection
Property, reduce drilling tool cost.
3rd, the present invention at work, for non-eccentricity move by the motion of bit body, in circumference bit body (cutting tooth distribution) and
Rock contact symmetry is preferable, and caused horizontal out-of-balance force is small, and is easily controlled in personalized designs, has drill bit
Preferable stability.
4th, drill bit is solid formula structural member, and intensity is high, it is not easy to cracking or broken invalid.
5th, the gear wheel hydraulic structure design of solid construction is more flexible, and the optimization of multiinjector hydraulic structure particularly can be achieved
Rock and cutting tooth cooling capacity are taken in design, raising.
6th, the bit body structures have higher cloth toothed area, it is particularly advantageous to improve the cloth tooth of drill bit center portion and gauge
Density, improve the service life of drill bit.
7th, the cutting tooth of the outer shoulder and gage portion of the bit body can realize discontinuous cutting broken rock, advantageously reduce and cut
The thermal wear of tooth is cut, improves the working life of drill bit.
8th, the arc profile radial direction cloth tooth curve that the bit body is possessed, makes its cutting tooth and well under the conditions of guide digging
Bed rock stone exposure level is high, and stability is good, and the lateral bending square response performance applied to top deflecting tool is good, and build angle rate is high.
Alternatively, the span of the axial rake α be 0 °≤| α |<90°.
As further selection, the span of the axial rake α for 0 °≤| α |≤45 °.
As further selection, the span of the axial rake α for 0 °≤| α |≤15 °.
Alternatively, the cloth pinion profile of the bit body is circular arc line.
Alternatively, at least one nozzle is provided with the bit body.
Alternatively, active cutting tooth and passive gauge tooth are fixed with the lower house.
Alternatively, pod apertures are provided with the lower contact in the universal axle assembly.
Alternatively, the bit body is to be combined by powdered metallurgical material part and metal material part.
Alternatively, the cutting tooth is composite polycrystal-diamond, polycrystal diamond composite teeth, thermostabilization glomerocryst gold
Hard rock cutting tooth, natural diamond cutting tooth, impregnated Adamas cutting tooth, carbide cutting tooth, cubic boron nitride cutting tooth,
Ceramic cutting tooth, the cutting tooth for including diamond or cubic boron nitride.
As further selection, the cutting tooth on the bit body is composite polycrystal-diamond (i.e. PDC teeth).
The foregoing main scheme of the present invention and its each further selection scheme can be this with independent assortment to form multiple schemes
The scheme that invention can be used and is claimed.In the present invention, each selection can be with main scheme and other selection any combination, this
Art personnel can understand there are multiple combinations after the present invention program is understood according to prior art and common knowledge, not do herein
It is exhaustive.
Brief description of the drawings：
The present invention will illustrate by specific embodiment and with reference to the appended drawing, wherein：
Fig. 1 is the structure composition figure of embodiment one in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the drill bit assembly structure chart of embodiment one in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is Fig. 1 A-A to sectional view.
Fig. 4 is the bit body tomograph of embodiment one in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the universal drive shaft assembly structure chart of embodiment one in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a kind of blade contour figure of embodiment one in the present invention.
Fig. 7 is second of blade contour figure of embodiment one in the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the third blade contour figure of embodiment one in the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the lower house tomograph of embodiment two in the present invention
Figure 10 is the bit body structures figure in embodiment three in the present invention
Figure 11 is the lower house of example IV and middle casing connecting structure figure in the present invention.
Figure 12 is the structure chart of embodiment five in the present invention.
Figure 13 is the motion principle schematic diagram of the present invention.
Figure 14 is the cutting tooth track line chart of conventional PDC drill bit.
Figure 15 is the cutting tooth track line chart of the present invention.
Figure 16 is the cutting tooth track line chart of the present invention.
Figure 17 is the cutting tooth track line chart of the present invention.
Figure 18 is the cutting tooth track line chart of the present invention.
Figure 19 is the cutting tooth of embodiment one in the present invention and rock contact relation schematic diagram.
Figure 20 is the cloth pinion profile surface of embodiment one in the present invention and corresponding well bottom comparison diagram.
Marked in figure：1- drill bit assemblies；The universal axle assemblies of 2-；3- screw motor assemblies；4- by-pass valve assemblies；51- lower casings
Body；Housing in 52-；53- upper shells；11- bit bodys；11a- bit body powdered metallurgical materials part；11b- bit body metal materials
Expect part；121- wings；122- main cutting teeth；1221- gauge teeths；13- Fuel Tanking Units；131- oilholes；141- plug pins；
142- thrust bearings；143- axial seals；144- radial seals；145- locks bearing；146- journal bearings；151- centers
Nozzle；152- sides nozzle；16- connection screw threads；17- bit body axiss of rotation；18- axle journals；The universal axostylus axostyles of 21-；Under 22- universal drive shafts
Joint；221- universal drive shaft lower contact connection screw threads；222- universal drive shaft lower contact by-pass prots；23- universal drive shaft top connections；231- is universal
Axle top connection connection screw thread；511- lower house bearing holes；Active gage tooth on 5121- lower houses；Quilt on 5122- lower houses
Move resistance to roll flute；513- lower house axiss of rotation；Housing axis of rotation in 521-；6a- continuously contacts cloth tooth region；6b- alternately connects
Touch cloth tooth region；α-bit body axis of rotation and lower house axis of rotation angle --- axial rake, hereinafter also referred to " deflection characteristic
Angle "；β-lower house axis of rotation and middle housing axis of rotation angle, hereinafter referred to as " tool body bent angle "；7a- bit body cloth pinions
Profile surface；7b- corresponding well base ring bands.
Embodiment：
All features disclosed in this specification, or disclosed all methods or during the step of, except mutually exclusive
Feature and/or step beyond, can combine in any way.
Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accessory claim, summary), unless specifically stated otherwise,
Replaced by other equivalent or with similar purpose alternative features.I.e., unless specifically stated otherwise, each feature is a series of
An example in equivalent or similar characteristics.
Embodiment one：
Such as Fig. 1 to Fig. 8, shown in Figure 13 to Figure 20, a kind of alternation track of the invention cutting rock crushing tool, it is total by drill bit
Formed into 1, universal axle assembly 2, screw motor assembly 3, by-pass valve assembly 4, lower house 51, middle housing 52 and upper shell 53.
Drill bit assembly includes bit body 11, bearing arrangement, sealing system, lubricating system.Some wings are provided with bit body 11
121, main cutting tooth 122 and gauge teeth 1221 are fixed with wing 121, the cutting structure as the present invention.In bit body 11
On be additionally provided with a central nozzle 151 and several side nozzles 152, and the runner between wing together constitutes bit body 11
Hydraulic structure.
Wherein：The bearing arrangement of drill bit assembly 1 includes journal bearing 146, is primarily subjected to the radial load of bit body 11, makes
Bit body 11 being capable of circumferential flexible rotating.Described journal bearing 146 can be rolling bearing, or sliding bearing, or skid is answered
Sympodium is held.Thrust bearing 142 is primarily subjected to the axial force (namely the pressure of the drill of drill bit) of bit body 11, is the lasting brill of rock crushing tool
Enter to provide necessary condition.Described thrust bearing 142 can be rolling bearing, or sliding bearing, or roll-slide combined bearing.Locking
Bearing 145 is generally rolling bearing, and rolling element therein enters raceway by the mounting hole opened on lower house 51, and passes through plug pin
141 positioning.It is similar with conventional rock bit to lock the main function of bearing 145, that is, locks bit body 11 and lower house 51, is allowed to
Rotation connection is formed, and can prevent bit body 11 from coming off.The sealing system of drill bit assembly 1 includes two parts, a part of position
In the lower root of axle journal 18, predominantly radial seal 144, for preventing the recycled material of DRILL-STRING SYSTEM annular space from entering bearing system
System；Another part is located at the upper end of axle journal 18, predominantly axial seal 143, for preventing the recycled material of tool interior
Into bearing arrangement.Described radial seal 144 and axial seal 143 can be rubber seal (sealing structure), gold
Belong to used seal or sealing structure on seal (sealing structure) or other kinds of conventional roller cone drill bit.Drill bit is total
Lubricating system into 1 includes Fuel Tanking Unit 13, oilhole 131 etc., and its function is that good lubrication is provided for bearing arrangement
Environment, and then improve the service behaviour of bearing arrangement.
Broken rock drilling must possess three conditions to drill bit in the earth formation：First, the pressure of the drill can be transmitted effectively, make drill bit wedging
Rock.In the present embodiment, the pressure of the drill that DRILL-STRING SYSTEM is provided is transferred to lower house 51 by lower upper shell 53, middle housing 52,
And by the bottom surface of the bearing hole 511 on lower house 51, bit body 11 is transferred to through thrust bearing 142, is made on bit body 11
Cutting structure being capable of effective wedging formation rock.In such scheme, can also by the top surface of 51 upper bearing aperture of lower house 511 with
Thrust bearing is set on bit body 11 between the bottom surface of axle journal 18, and transmits the pressure of the drill.Can also both collective effects by load transfer
To bit body.Second, moment of torsion can be transmitted effectively, shearing broken rock for cutting structure provides power.In the present embodiment, moment of torsion
Transmission has two parts composition, and a part is that drilling fluid lead-screw motor assembly 3 rotates, and then direct by universal axle assembly 2
Pass to bit body 11；Another part is that housing 52 rotates during the rotation of DRILL-STRING SYSTEM drives, and then through " rotor-stator is transported
Dynamic pair " passes to bit body 11, equivalent to the moment of torsion transmission in combined drilling.Third, circulation of drilling fluid path can be established.
In the present embodiment, gap that circulation of drilling fluid path was flowed between screw motor rotor, stator by DRILL-STRING SYSTEM endoporus before this
Chamber, then the center flow channels of bit body 11 are entered by the pod apertures 222 in lower contact 22 in universal axle assembly 2, then pass through drill bit
Central nozzle 151 on body 11 or side nozzle 152 enter drilling well annular space, so on return to ground.
In the present embodiment, the shape of the wing 121 on the bit body 11 can be the straight knife wing (as shown in Figure 6),
It can be circular arc wing (as shown in Figure 7), or spiral wing (as shown in Figure 8), or by above-mentioned blade contour
Combine.When conventional PDC drill bit cutting structure designs, key content is the circumferential Tooth arrangement design of cutting tooth, it with
The shape close relation of wing.The shape of so-called wing refers in the top view of bit body, the shape trajectory of wing.
Generally, the cutting tooth on each wing is along this trajectory arrangement.It is pointed out that different wing shape
Shape is to the cutter set density of drill bit, other assisted machining structures (such as standby tooth, keeping section, interior edge secondary gear), and drill bit
Mechanical stability etc..Therefore the cutting structure in the present embodiment is included in existing disclosure or the design of generally acknowledged PDC drill bit cutting structure
All features.
In the present embodiment, the by-pass valve assembly of the by-pass valve assembly 4 and existing conventional screw drilling tool is essentially identical, institute
The screw motor assembly for stating screw motor assembly 3 and existing conventional screw drilling tool is essentially identical.
Originality architectural feature in the present embodiment mainly has three aspects：One is the axis of rotation 17 of bit body 11 with
The axis of rotation 513 of lower house 51 deflects certain angle [alpha] (axial rake)；The second is the lower contact 22 of universal axle assembly 2 directly with
Bit body 11 connects；The third is axle journal 18 is provided with bit body 11, and bearing hole 511 is arranged on lower house 51, Liang Zhexiang
Interworking, which merges, forms rotation connection.
With reference to the present embodiment, narration beneficial effects of the present invention are further spread out, are mainly reflected in following side
Face：
Firstth, the present invention can realize the stabilization of cutting tooth 122 on bit body 11, reliable alternation track cutting movement, can
Drill bit is significantly improved in hard formation wedging ability, and then improves efficiency of breaking rock.As shown in figure 13, lower house 51 with DRILL-STRING SYSTEM around
Axis of rotation 513 rotates (revolution of rock crushing tool), while bit body 11 returns under the drive of screw motor assembly 3 around itself
Shaft axis 17 rotate (rotation of rock crushing tool).Assuming that rotation rotating speed is 0, revolution rotating speed is 60 revs/min, then cutting tooth on drill bit
Movement locus be to determine the circle of radius, the movement locus is identical with the movement locus under the conditions of conventional PDC drill bit ideal operation,
As shown in figure 14.Assuming that revolution rotating speed is 60 revs/min, rotation rotating speed is 60 revs/min, and bit penetration turns for 3mm/, deflection
Characteristic angle α is 15 °, and the circle of rock crushing tool revolution 1, then can form cutting tooth movement locus as shown in figure 15 as described herein
Line., it is apparent that cutting tooth is revolved actually in the form of space curve takes two turns from the trajectory, wherein heavy line is
First lap track, fine line are the second circle track, and this two circles track has a trajectory on arrow direction point
Intersection point.When rock crushing tool of the present invention is with 60 revs/min of the rotating speed that revolves round the sun, rotation rotating speed is 120 revs/min, and bit penetration is
3mm/ turns, and when deflection characteristic angle α is 15 °, then can form cutting tooth movement locus line as shown in figure 16.Can from the trajectory
By, it is evident that cutting tooth triple turn actually in the form of space curve, and form four trajectory intersection points.At this
In embodiment, deflection characteristic angle α difference, the influence to cutting tooth movement locus line is very big, shaft bottom rail when Figure 17 is α=8 °
Trace, well-bottom trace line when Figure 18 is α=15 °.From two above track, line chart can be seen that the track angle of cut of two lines not
Together, the cutting zone overlap length under the conditions of certain cutting width is also different, and this is to cutting tooth cutting angle and chip-load
Change will produce significant impact.In addition, the transmission scheme being directly connected using bit body with the rotor of screw motor assembly, is made
The power of bit body rotation comes from tool interior driving, rather than the reaction force driving of rock.This is just by the " passive of bit body
Rotation " is changed into " active rotation ", and its characteristics of motion can be determined by own structural characteristics (screw motor " head number ", axial rake α etc.)
Fixed, the factor such as change, drillstring vibrations with formation rock property influence relation is little, and its " alternation track cutting movement " can be steady
Determine, be reliably achieved.Particularly the center portion region at corresponding well bottom can also realize good alternation track cutting movement, can
Effectively improve the service behaviour of drill bit.
Secondth, bit body simplifies " drill bit-helicoid hydraulic motor " composition structure, improves drilling well directly with universal axis connection
Security, reduce drilling tool cost.The BHA of " drill bit+helicoid hydraulic motor " is that current deep-well, complex structural well are commonly used
A kind of BHA mode.But conventional screw drilling tool is provided with driving-shaft assembly structure, it includes journal bearing group, pushed away
Power bearing group, bearing block, drive link and bearing seal structure etc., Assembly part is more, complicated.And due to underground work bar
Part is very severe, easily causes the bearing in driving-shaft assembly to come off, the down-hole accident such as radial clearance is excessive, drive link fracture
Occur.In the present embodiment, universal axle assembly is directly connected with bit body, directly eliminate the biography in conventional screw drilling tool
Moving axis assembly, the failure probability of bottomhole assembly is greatly reduced, improves drilling safety.
3rd, in the present embodiment, the motion of bit body is moved for non-eccentricity, and bit body transverse direction out-of-balance force is small, stable
Property is good.Chinese patent CN 201410426491.6：" PDC drill bit instrument that eccentric swing rotation can be achieved " and CN
201410426030.9：The scheme that " a kind of PDC drill bit instrument with alternation Cutting trajectory " is implemented all is to produce bit body
Raw eccentric motion, the distribution of cutting tooth and rock are circumferential on bit body contacts that symmetry is bad, is readily incorporated very big transverse direction not
Equilibrant force, the job stability of drill bit is set to be deteriorated.And in the present embodiment, cutting tooth and shaft bottom in bit body lower spherical structure
The circumferential contact symmetry of rock is good, and comprehensive horizontal out-of-balance force coefficient is small, and easy when cutting structure optimizes Tooth arrangement design
Control.Not deep to the wedging of rock and top spherical structure is mainly based on gauge teeth, caused horizontal out-of-balance force is small.
4th, in the present embodiment, bit body is solid formula structural member, and intensity is high, security is good.Conventional rock bit exists
Gear wheel is internally provided with bearing hole, and because outside cloth cutting structure and internal step scalariform bearing hole structure are all complex, shell
Body thickness is thin, and easily produces stress concentration.Therefore the cone shell intensity in conventional rock bit is not high, easily produces cracking
Or broken invalid.And in the present embodiment, in addition to center flow channels, from wing bottom to being real heart type structure between center flow channels, by force
Degree is high, it is not easy to bit body breakage occurs.
5th, in the present embodiment, the bit body arrangement of nozzles with real heart type structure is flexible, it is easy to accomplish bit body water
The optimization design of power structure.Conventional rock bit (single-cone rotary drill bit) can tightly set central nozzle, and its size on bit body
It is dumb by the strict limitation of journal size and intensity, hydraulic structure design.And in the present embodiment, it can be set in non-central region
Side nozzle, as shown in Figure 2, Figure 4 shows.And diameter, spray angle and quantity of its nozzle etc., can be according to the cutting structure spirit of bit body
Design living, it can be made to obtain good cooling, take the efficiently hydraulic structure characteristic such as rock, auxiliary rock.
6th, in the present embodiment, due to deflection characteristic angle α presence, make the cloth pinion of specific region on bit body wide
Face 7a is more than the shaft bottom annulus 7b for corresponding to cutting tooth covering, as shown in figure 20.The more conventional PDC drill bit of the present embodiment has bigger
Cloth toothed area, it is particularly advantageous to improve the cutter set density of drill bit center portion and gage areas, the synthesis for improving drill bit uses the longevity
Life.
7th, in the present embodiment, due to deflection characteristic angle α presence, the cloth pinion profile surface of bit body 11 can be divided into
Continuous contact cloth tooth region 6a and alternately contact cloth tooth region 6b, as shown in figure 19.The outer shoulder and gauge of bit body are just located
Cloth tooth region 6b is contacted in described alternating, when the cutting tooth positioned at the region is close to or up the position being in contact with the borehole wall
When, just participate in scraping cutting rock of borehole, such as gauge teeth 1221 in figure；When departing from the position, cutting tooth is just no longer participate in scraping cutting well
Wall rock, such as gauge teeth (1221) in figure.Alternately contact cloth tooth region 6b cutting tooth is arranged in, can more favorably be realized
The efficient cooling effect of cutting tooth, cutting tooth thermal wear degree is reduced, improves service life.
8th, in the present embodiment, there is the rock crushing tool of Surface of Sphere cloth tooth cutting structure, mechanics is stable during guide digging
Property it is good, deflecting ability is high.The cloth flank profile of bit body 11 is Surface of Sphere, when being oriented deflecting drilling, cutting tooth and shaft bottom
Rock contact degree is high, and stability is good；The lateral bending square response performance applied simultaneously to top deflecting tool is good, and build angle rate is high.
Embodiment two：
As shown in figure 9, the present embodiment and embodiment one are essentially identical, its difference is：It is cylindrical on the lower house 51
Active gage tooth 5121 or passive gauge tooth 5122 are provided with side face, or by active gage tooth 5121 and passive gauge tooth 5122
The gauge cloth toothing combined.The active gage tooth 5121 and passive gauge tooth 5122 are preferentially answered using polycrystalline diamond
Piece tooth is closed, carbide cutting tooth, impregnated Adamas cutting tooth, the composite teeth or other stones with diamond layer can also be used
Oily natural gas, broken rock drill bit cutting tooth used in ore deposit drilling engineering.
The organization plan that embodiment two is proposed, the gauge cutting structure of the present invention can be further enriched, is made it have more
Strong gauge ability and drilling stability, so as to further improve the synthetic operation performance of the present invention.
Embodiment three：
As shown in Figure 10, the present embodiment and embodiment two are essentially identical, and its difference is：The bit body 11 uses two kinds
The part of different materials is formed, and respectively bottom has the powdered metallurgical material part 11a of wing structure feature, and top has
The metal material part 11b of journal structure feature.
Powdered metallurgical material (such as " WC-Co " hard alloy) is led to by the hard compounds and binding metal of refractory metal
Cross a kind of alloy material made of powder metallurgical technique.In PDC drill bit manufacture, the sheet that powdered metallurgical material makes drill bit is commonly used
Body structure, have the advantages that hardness is high, wearability is good, erosion resistance is strong.PDC drill bit with the material characteristics is usually used in height
Used in hardness, high abrasive tight formation.In the present embodiment, the bottom of bit body 11 carries the part of wing structure feature
11a uses powdered metallurgical material, and the cutting structure in the present invention can be made to have intensity is high, wearability is good, erosion resistance is strong etc.
Advantage；Part 11b of the top of bit body 11 with journal structure feature uses metal material, can be easy to the side by machining
Method makes journal outer surface obtain higher geometric accuracy, also allows for being heat-treated, to improve its mechanical performance.
Example IV：
As shown in figure 11, the present embodiment and embodiment one are essentially identical, and its difference is：The geometrical axis of the middle housing 52
The geometrical axis 513 of line 521 and the lower house 51 has deflected a tool body bent angle β.The present embodiment can preferably be realized and made
Tiltedly drilling and angle holding drilling.The tool body bent angle β spans are：0<β≤5°
Embodiment five：
As shown in figure 12, the present embodiment and embodiment one are essentially identical, and its difference is：Deflection characteristic angle α=0 °.
It is same that the present embodiment combines the function phase that can be realized with " drill bit-helicoid hydraulic motor " in conventional gas and oil drilling engineering, but compares
For the present embodiment there is no " bearing group " structure of conventional screw drilling tool, and then improve drilling safety, reduce instrument system
Make and maintenance cost.
Claims (10)
1. rock crushing tool is cut in a kind of alternation track, include drill bit assembly (1) and shell body group；The shell body group is by lower casing
Body (51), middle housing (52) and upper shell (53) composition；Universal axle assembly (2), screw motor are provided with the shell body group
Assembly (3) and by-pass valve assembly (4)；Bit body (11) in the drill bit assembly (1) is arranged on the bottom of lower house (51),
Rotation connection is formed, and is fixedly connected again with the lower contact (22) of universal axle assembly (2) by screw thread (221)；The drill bit
Cutting tooth (122) is fixed with body (11)；It is characterized in that：The axis of rotation (17) of the bit body (11) and lower house (51)
Axis of rotation (513) between form axial rake α, make the compound from phase inversion of the revolution of shell body group and bit body (11), realize institute
State the alternation track cutting movement of cutting tooth (122).
A kind of 2. alternation track cutting rock crushing tool as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Set on the bit body (11)
Be equipped with axle journal (18), the axle journal (18) be internally provided with helicitic texture (16) and with universal axle assembly (2) under connect
Head (22) is fixedly connected by screw thread (221).
A kind of 3. alternation track cutting rock crushing tool as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The value of the axial rake α
Scope is 90 ° of 0 °≤α ＜.
A kind of 4. alternation track cutting rock crushing tool as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：The value of the axial rake α
Scope is 0 °≤α≤45 °.
A kind of 5. alternation track cutting rock crushing tool as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：Lower house (51) bottom
Bearing hole (511) is provided with, and is engaged with the axle journal (18) on the bit body (11), and forms rotation connection.
A kind of 6. alternation track cutting rock crushing tool as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The bit body (11)
Cloth pinion profile be circular arc line.
A kind of 7. alternation track cutting rock crushing tool as described in claim 6, it is characterised in that：On the bit body (11)
It is provided with least one nozzle (152).
A kind of 8. alternation track cutting rock crushing tool as described in claim 1 or 5, it is characterised in that：The lower house (51)
On be fixed with active cutting tooth (5121) and passive gauge tooth (5122).
A kind of 9. alternation track cutting rock crushing tool as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The universal axle assembly
(2) pod apertures (222) are provided with the lower contact (22) in.
A kind of 10. alternation track cutting rock crushing tool as described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The bit body
(11) it is to be combined by powdered metallurgical material part (11a) and metal material part (11b).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610074515.5A CN105507809B (en) | 2016-02-01 | 2016-02-01 | Cut rock crushing tool in a kind of alternation track |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610074515.5A CN105507809B (en) | 2016-02-01 | 2016-02-01 | Cut rock crushing tool in a kind of alternation track |
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| CN105507809B true CN105507809B (en) | 2018-01-26 |
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| CN108868679B (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2021-03-09 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Coal bed gas bore hole multi-branch horizontal well hole dredging tool |
| CN109138829A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2019-01-04 | 盐城市新永佳石油机械制造有限公司 | A kind of helicoid hydraulic motor that can cool down automatically |
| CN109083594B (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2020-04-07 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Coal seam hydraulic direction adjustable drilling device |
| CN111827885B (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2021-11-09 | 中国石油大学(华东) | High build-up rate drill bit suitable for push-pull type rotary steering drilling technology |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20100038141A1 (en) * | 2007-08-15 | 2010-02-18 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Compliantly coupled gauge pad system with movable gauge pads |
| CN102022084B (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2013-01-02 | 西南石油大学 | Compound single cone bit |
| CN103147692B (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2015-11-18 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of gear wheel-stationary cutting structure composite drill bit |
| CN104196456B (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2017-04-26 | 西南石油大学 | PDC drill tool with alternating cutting trajectory |
| CN104314473B (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2017-09-05 | 西南石油大学 | The PDC drill bit instrument of eccentric swing rotation can be achieved |
| CN205532272U (en) * | 2016-02-01 | 2016-08-31 | 西南石油大学 | Broken rock instrument of reversal orbit cutting |
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