CN105502728A - 一种油田污水软化产生的高温高含盐有机废水的处理方法 - Google Patents

一种油田污水软化产生的高温高含盐有机废水的处理方法 Download PDF

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CN105502728A
CN105502728A CN201510835357.6A CN201510835357A CN105502728A CN 105502728 A CN105502728 A CN 105502728A CN 201510835357 A CN201510835357 A CN 201510835357A CN 105502728 A CN105502728 A CN 105502728A
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贾宝贵
王澄滨
王小亮
聂俊博
何世全
马超
李瀚林
熊建军
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KARAMAY SANDA NEW TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
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    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
    • C02F1/56—Macromolecular compounds
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种油田污水软化产生的高温高含盐有机废水的处理方法，属于环保技术领域。？本发明的处理方法由预处理单元、混凝沉降单元、臭氧氧化单元、过滤单元、污泥处理单元五个单元依次组成，能将高温高含盐有机废水石油类、挥发酚、COD等物质分离，使高温高含盐有机废水处理后达标排放。污泥处理单元将混凝沉降产生的污泥再次进行处理，防止有害物质排放，资源得到有效利用。

Description

一种油田污水软化产生的高温高含盐有机废水的处理方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种油田污水软化产生的高温高含盐有机废水的处理方法，更具体地说，涉及高温高含盐有机废水中COD、石油类、挥发酚等有害物质的分离方法,属于环保技术领域。
背景技术
在油田污水处理站，对油田污水软化产生大量的高温高含盐有机废水，这些高温高含盐有机废水主要来源有3个部分：①高温超稠油污水处理回用时在软化过程中离子交换产生的含盐废水；②地下水处理系统中树脂软化再生污水；③锅炉汽包炉水。高含盐水温度在80-90℃，经自然冷却后，外排水温度仍然高达50-60℃，同时由于外排水量大，强制冷却降温成本较高，给常规的生物处理带来较大困难。且高含盐废水组成复杂，含盐量高，难降解物质浓度高，且这些高温高含盐有机废水中石油类(15-30mg/L)、COD(400-1000)、挥发酚(6-10mg/L)等污染物均超标，没有达到国家工业废水二类排放标准，是难处理的工业废水，因此，必须将高温高含盐有机废水中石油类、挥发酚、COD等有害物质除去，使之达到外排标准。
高温高含盐有机废水的特点，其一是高温度，温度范围在80-90℃，含盐量在10000mg/L以上，最高达到150000mg/L。高温高含盐有机废水石油类、COD、挥发酚的常规处理方法如：(1)DECOM系统+高级氧化系统，缺点加药量大，成本偏高。(2)DECOM系统+生化系统(噬盐菌生物强化系统)，缺点受温度及含盐量影响较大，最佳温度35℃，且耐冲击性相对较差，一旦受到冲击，恢复时间较长。(3)混凝沉淀+生化系统，缺点受来液温度影响，自动化控制要求较高，生化系统前期培养需要很长的一段时间，一旦受到冲击，恢复期较长。因此，选择环保、经济、稳定的分离高温高含盐有机废水中石油类、挥发酚、COD分离方法，成为当务之急。在这种情况下，高温高含盐有机废水石油类、挥发酚、COD分离技术的推广将成为保护和改善环境的重要手段。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种油田污水软化产生的高温高含盐有机废水的处理方法，能将高温高含盐有机废水石油类、挥发酚、COD等物质分离，使高温高含盐有机废水处理后达标排放。
本发明的处理方法由预处理单元、混凝沉降单元、臭氧氧化单元、过滤单元、污泥处理单元五个单元依次组成；
一、预处理单元：调整高温高含盐有机废水pH值在5.0-6.0之间，调整完pH值的废水经提升泵打至缓冲罐；
二、混凝沉降单元：在搅拌下投加400-1000mg/L的净水剂，100-400mg/L助沉剂，1-20mg/L阴离子聚丙烯酰胺,对高温高含盐有机废水进行沉淀并且进行初步脱色，达到高温高含盐有机废水中石油类及COD的部分分离；然后高温高含盐有机废水进入沉降池，在沉降池将混凝形成的絮体进行沉降；
三、臭氧氧化单元：经过混凝沉降后的有机废水投加pH调整剂，使pH值在7-11,进入臭氧氧化单元；每升有机废水中投加100-1000mg的30wt％双氧水，产生羟基自由基，在碱性条件下通过曝臭氧，将高温高含盐有机废水中经过混凝沉降未分离的石油类、挥发酚、COD及色度分离；
四、过滤单元：经过臭氧氧化单元的有机废水经过提升泵进入装有填料的机械过滤器，进一步去除高温高含盐有机废水中细小悬浮物、石油类、挥发酚、COD、色度；
五、污泥处理单元：对混凝沉降单元的沉降池产生的污泥进行收集通入污泥池，投放脱水剂，进入脱水装置脱水。
所述的净水剂、助沉剂、阴离子聚丙烯酰胺为市售降解石油类、挥发酚及COD专用药剂。
所述机械过滤器为多介质过滤器，为现有成熟技术。
本发明的有益效果在于：本发明方法能将高温高含盐有机废水中石油类、挥发酚、COD进行分离，达到国家工业废水二类排放标准，大大提高排放的安全性，污泥处理单元将混凝沉降产生的污泥再次进行处理，防止有害物质排放，资源得到有效利用。
具体实施方式
1)分别配制40wt％浓度的净水剂、20wt％浓度的助沉剂、0.2wt％的阴离子聚丙烯酰胺。所述的净水剂为聚合硫酸铁，所述的助沉剂为氢氧化钙溶液。2)取3个1000ml油田污水软化产生的高温高含盐有机废水于烧杯中，该废水pH在7.0左右，COD浓度在400-1000mg/L，挥发酚浓度6.0-10.0mg/L，石油类在15-20mg/L,在不断机械搅拌前提下添加pH调整剂，使得废水pH值在5.0-6.0。3)分别加入净水剂300mg/L，400mg/L，500mg/L，搅拌同时分别加入200mg/L助沉剂，搅拌一段时间后加阴离子聚丙烯酰胺6mg/L,对高温高含盐有机废水进行初步油、水、泥和COD、石油类、挥发酚部分分离。检测结果如下表。
表1高温高含盐废水经过混凝试验后结果表
4)沉降半小时后取混凝沉降后的上清液，用pH调整剂调整pH值在9左右，加入市售30wt％的双氧水600mg/L，之后通入CF-YG20型臭氧机产生的臭氧，在5min/L条件下持续通入30min后停止通入臭氧。
5)利用过滤器过滤通臭氧时产生的微小絮体，过滤完后取最终的水样再次测定石油类、挥发酚、COD。
表2高温高含盐废水经过混凝+臭氧/双氧水试验后结果表(COD)

Claims (2)

1.一种油田污水软化产生的高温高含盐有机废水的处理方法，其特征在于，由预处理单元、混凝沉降单元、臭氧氧化单元、过滤单元、污泥处理单元五个单元依次组成；
一、预处理单元：调整高温高含盐有机废水pH值在5.0-6.0之间，调整完pH值的废水经提升泵打至缓冲罐；
二、混凝沉降单元：在搅拌下投加400-1000mg/L的净水剂，100-400mg/L助沉剂，1-20mg/L阴离子聚丙烯酰胺,对高温高含盐有机废水进行沉淀并且进行初步脱色，达到高温高含盐有机废水中石油类及COD的部分分离；然后高温高含盐有机废水进入沉降池，在沉降池将混凝形成的絮体进行沉降；
三、臭氧氧化单元：经过混凝沉降后的有机废水投加pH调整剂，使pH值在7-11,进入臭氧氧化单元；每升有机废水中投加100-1000mg的30wt%双氧水，产生羟基自由基，在碱性条件下通过曝臭氧，将高温高含盐有机废水中经过混凝沉降未分离的石油类、挥发酚、COD及色度分离；
四、过滤单元：经过臭氧氧化单元的有机废水经过提升泵进入装有填料的机械过滤器，进一步去除高温高含盐有机废水中细小悬浮物、石油类、挥发酚、COD、色度；
五、污泥处理单元：对混凝沉降单元的沉降池产生的污泥进行收集通入污泥池，投放脱水剂，进入脱水装置脱水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述机械过滤器为多介质过滤器。
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